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American Standard Inc. 1997
The Trane CompanyLa Crosse, Wisconsin
Refrigeration System
Equipment Room Design
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 34-1992
Number Designation And Safety ClassificationOf Refrigerants
Standard 15-1994
Safety Code For Mechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Number Designation AndSafety Classification Of Refrigerants
Purpose? To establish a
simple means of referring to common refrigerantsinstead of using the chemical name, formula, or tradename.
uniform system for assigning reference numbersand safety classifications to refrigerants.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 34-1992
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 34-1992
Refrigerant Safety Classifications
Group A3
Group A2
Group A1
Group B3
Group B2
Group B1
higher
flammability
lowerflammability
no flamepropagation
lower toxicity higher toxicity
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 34-1992
Refrigerant/Blend Data
Refrigerant Chemical Name OrComposition (% By Weight)
Methane SeriesCFC (or R) 11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75F A1 1.6 4,000CFC (or R) 12 Dichlorodifluoromethane 22F A1 12.0 40,000HCFC (or R) 22 Chlorodifluoromethane 41F A1 9.4 42,000
Ethane Series
CFC (or R) 113 1,1,2Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118F A1 1.9 4,000HCFC (or R) 123 2,2Dichloro1,1,1Trifluoroethane 81F B1 0.4 1,000
HFC (or R) 134a 1,1,1,2Tetrafluoroethane 15F A1 16.0 60,000HFC (or R) 152a 1,1Difluoroethane 13F A2 1.2 7,000
Azeotropes
R500 R12 (73.8) / R152a (26.2) 27F A1 12.0 47,000R502 R22 (48.8) / R115 (51.2) 49F A1 19.0 65,000
NormalBoiling
Point
Safety
Group
Lbs/1000
cu ft
PPMBy
Vol
Refrig Qty PerOccupied Space
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Purpose?
to specify safe design, construction, installation,and operation of refrigerating systems.
Scope?
This code established safeguards for life, limb, health,
and property and prescribes safety standards.
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
It applies to
mechanical refrigerating systems andheat pumps used in the occupancies definedin Section 4 and installed subsequently toadoption of this code
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
It also applies to
parts or components added after adoptionof this code, or a change to a refrigerant of adifferent number designation after adoption ofthis code
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Finally, it applies to
parts or components replaced afteradoption of this code only if they are notidentical in function
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Provides classification criteria for
Safety group Occupancy type
Refrigerating system probability
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Provides classification criteria for
Safety group Occupancy type
Refrigerating system probability
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Safety Group Classification
Standard 34s refrigerant safety classifications
Group A3
Group A2
Group A1
Group B3
Group B2
Group B1
higherflammability
lowerflammability
no flamepropagation
lower toxicity higher toxicity
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Provides classification criteria for
Safety group Occupancy type
Refrigerating system probability
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Occupancy Classification
Institutional
Occupants cant readily leave without help
Public assembly
Where large numbers of occupants cant vacate quickly
Residential
Occupants have complete, independent living facilities
Industrial
Occupancy is restricted only to authorized personnel
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Occupancy Classification
Commercial
Occupants transact business, receive personal
services, or purchase food or other goods
Large mercantile
Premises where more than 100 people congregate topurchase personal merchandise
Mixed
Two or more occupancies share the same building
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
Standard 15-1994
Provides classification criteria for
Safety group Occupancy type
Refrigerating system probability
Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Refrigerating System Probability
High Probability
Low Probability
System
Designation
Cooling
Or Heating Source
Air Or Substance
To Be Cooled, Heated
Direct
IndirectOpen Spray
Double IndirectOpen Spray
IndirectClosed
IndirectVented Closed
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Refrigerant Quantity Rules
Public Assembly,Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,
Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial
A1 High 2 1 3Low 4 4 4
A2 High 5 5 3Low 7 7 7
A3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7
B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3Low 4 4 4
B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3Low 7 7 7
B3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7
Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Refrigerant Quantity Rules
Public Assembly,Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,
Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial
A1 High 2 1 3Low 4 4 4
A2 High 5 5 3Low 7 7 7
A3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7
B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3Low 4 4 4
B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3Low 7 7 7
B3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7
Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994
Refrigerant Quantity Rules
Rule 4
When the quantity of refrigerant in anysystem exceeds Table 1 amounts, allrefrigerant-containing parts, except piping andthose parts outside the building, shall beinstalled in a machinery room constructed inaccordance with the provisions of 8.13.
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American Standard Inc. 1997
ASHRAE Standard 34-1992
Refrigerant Safety Classifications
Refrigerant Chemical Name OrComposition (% By Weight)
Methane Series
CFC (or R) 11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75F A1 1.6 4,000CFC (or R) 12 Dichlorodifluoromethane 22F A1 12.0 40,000HCFC (or R) 22 Chlorodifluoromethane 41F A1 9.4 42,000
Ethane Series
CFC (or R) 113 1,1,2Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118F A1 1.9 4,000HCFC (or R) 123 2,2Dichloro1,1,1Trifluoroethane 81F B1 0.4 1,000
HFC (or R) 134a 1,1,1,2Tetrafluoroethane 15F A1 16.0 60,000HFC (or R) 152a 1,1Difluoroethane 13F A2 1.2 7,000
Azeotropes
R500 R12 (73.8) / R152a (26.2) 27F A1 12.0 47,000R502 R22 (48.8) / R115 (51.2) 49F A1 19.0 65,000
NormalBoilingPoint
SafetyGroup
lbs/1000cu ft
PPMByVol
Refrig Qty PerOccupied Space
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Volume requirements for
Natural ventilation Mechanical ventilation
Normal rate
Alarm rate
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Remote machinery room
Occupied
Building
OccupiedBuilding
RefrigerationSystem
Lean-to Or OtherStructure WithNatural Ventilation
More Than20 Feet
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Natural ventilation
For refrigerating systems installed outdoors, morethan 20 ft from [any] building openings
F = G0.5
where:F = free opening area (sq ft)G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Normal-rate mechanical ventilation
Needed whenever the equipment rooms occupied
Requirements:
0.5 cfm per sq ftOR20 cfm per person
Must operate, if necessary for operator comfort, at a volume
that limits the temperature rise (T) to no more than 18F
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Alarm-rate mechanical ventilation
Required to exhaust accumulated refrigerant
Q = 100 G0.5
where:Q = airflow (cu ft per minute)G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Suggested exhaust fan location
Exhaust Fan
6 Feet
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Ventilation
Dual-purposeventilation system
ExhaustAirflow
End View
Plan View
VentilationAirflow
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigeration System Placement
Unobstructed space for inspecting andservicing equipment
Must comply with applicable safety standards andrequirements of the presiding regulatory agency
Clear head room not less than 7.25 ft below
equipment over passageways
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigeration System Placement
Multiple-chiller equipment room layouts
Arrangement BArrangement A
ExhaustFan
RefrigerationSystems
ExhaustFan
ExhaustFan
ExhaustFan
RefrigerationSystems
RefrigerationSystems
AirInlet
AirInlet
AirInlet
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Doors, Passageways And Access
Equipment room access limited to authorizedpersonnel
Adequate number and type of doors
No openings to other parts of the building
No shared air-handling systems
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigerant Monitoring
Detector must
Be appropriately sensitive to the refrigerant(s)in use
Activate alarm and ventilation at TLVTWA
Threshold Limit ValueTime Weighted Average
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigerant Monitoring
Sensor location and placement
Height: 18 inches above the floor Plan
Continuous ventilation: Between the refrigerationsystem and room exhaust
Intermittent ventilation: Close to the refrigerationsystem, between it and the room entrance
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigerant Monitoring
Typical refrigerant monitor installation
Chiller
RefrigerantMonitor
5 Feet
Roof Or Concrete Floor
Mechanical Equipment RoomOccupied Space
Sample-In Tubing
Particle Filter
1218 Inches
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigerant Monitoring
Suggested sensor placement for intermittentventilation
Identifies refrigerant sampling points
Refrigeration Systems
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Refrigerant Monitoring
Typical multichannelscanner application
Identifies refrigerant sampling points
Pit
Refrigerant Monitor
With Multichannel Option
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Open-Flame Devices
No open flames that use combustion air fromthe machinery room shall be installed where any
refrigerant is used.
Exceptions
Combustion air is ducted from outside and sealed to
prevent refrigerant leakage into the combustionchamber
A refrigerant detector is used to shut down combustionautomatically if a refrigerant leak occurs
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
Pressure-Relief Piping
Suggested refrigerantvent piping
15 Feet AboveGround Level
(Alternate Arrangement)
Exterior Wall
Roof
Purge DischargeVent Line
Rupture Disc
Assembly
Flexible Steel
Connection
Drip Leg(Length As
Needed)
1/4 FL 1/4 NPTDrain Valve
Support this pipe!
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American Standard Inc. 1997
Equipment Room Design
Ventilation
Refrigeration system placement
Doors, passageways and access
Refrigerant monitoring
Open-flame devices Pressure-relief piping
General requirements
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American Standard Inc. 1997
equipment room design
General Requirements
Signs
Changing, charging and storing refrigerants
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Two required per equipment room
Emergency shutdown procedure
General maintenance
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An American-Standard Company