DFO National Workshop on DFO National Workshop on survey design, database design survey design, database design

and analysis of underwater and analysis of underwater video/photographic surveys.video/photographic surveys.

Stephen J. SmithStephen J. Smith11, Peter Lawton, Peter Lawton22

Pierre ClementPierre Clement11

Department of Fisheries and OceansDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans11Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NSBedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS

22Biological Station, St. Andrews, NBBiological Station, St. Andrews, NB

SGFOT Meeting, Dublin Ireland. 21–22, April 2007

BackgroundBackground

Underwater video/still photography Underwater video/still photography capacity has been developed to capacity has been developed to some level in many DFO labs across some level in many DFO labs across the country.the country.

Applications range over:Applications range over:• Gear impact studiesGear impact studies• Habitat associationHabitat association• Population monitoringPopulation monitoring

BackgroundBackground

Equipment and applications were Equipment and applications were local developments to meet specific local developments to meet specific needs.needs.

Engineering and technical expertise Engineering and technical expertise not always available to assist not always available to assist development.development.

Database development local, Database development local, variable and not always designed to variable and not always designed to be shared.be shared.

BackgroundBackground

DFO has adopted Ecosystem-based DFO has adopted Ecosystem-based approach:approach:

Underwater image surveys can Underwater image surveys can survey large areas for:survey large areas for:• Target commercial and associated Target commercial and associated

speciesspecies• Habitat associations of aboveHabitat associations of above• Species at risk and habitatSpecies at risk and habitat• Evaluating impact human activities on Evaluating impact human activities on

benthic environment.benthic environment.

Objectives of WorkshopObjectives of Workshop

Develop common understanding of Develop common understanding of how imaging being used to monitor how imaging being used to monitor freshwater and marine communitiesfreshwater and marine communities

Build a community of researchers Build a community of researchers within and outside DFO to share within and outside DFO to share expertise and knowledgeexpertise and knowledge

Contribute towards a strategic plan Contribute towards a strategic plan for solving outstanding problems and for solving outstanding problems and promote approach.promote approach.

Structure of WorkshopStructure of Workshop

Three theme sessions:Three theme sessions:

1.1. Evaluate current survey designs being used and Evaluate current survey designs being used and determine research required to improve on determine research required to improve on these designs. these designs.

2.2. Evaluate current database structures for video Evaluate current database structures for video data including storage modes, retrieval data including storage modes, retrieval methods and meta-data standards. Develop methods and meta-data standards. Develop basis for setting national standards. basis for setting national standards.

3.3. Evaluate current methods (machine vs. manual) Evaluate current methods (machine vs. manual) for analysis of photographic data frames and for analysis of photographic data frames and determine if adequate methods exist that can determine if adequate methods exist that can be recommended as a standard for DFO or if be recommended as a standard for DFO or if development is required. development is required.

Structure of WorkshopStructure of Workshop

Internet survey for background Internet survey for background information from all participants re: information from all participants re: themes.themes.

All participants invited to submit one All participants invited to submit one slide for one or more of themes slide for one or more of themes pertaining to their work.pertaining to their work.

Invited existing posters for presentation Invited existing posters for presentation around meeting roomaround meeting room

Formal presentations by invited speakersFormal presentations by invited speakers

Structure of Workshop: Structure of Workshop: Formal presentationsFormal presentations

1.1. Kevin Stokesbury and Brad Harris, Kevin Stokesbury and Brad Harris, U. Massachusetts U. Massachusetts

• U.S. Atlantic Sea scallopU.S. Atlantic Sea scallop• Population numbers and biomassPopulation numbers and biomass• Drop body Drop body • Quadrant sampling designQuadrant sampling design• Manual analysis of video/photosManual analysis of video/photos

Structure of Workshop: Structure of Workshop: Formal presentationsFormal presentations

2.2. Scott Gallager et al. Woods Hole Scott Gallager et al. Woods Hole Oceanographic InstituteOceanographic Institute

• U.S. Atlantic Sea scallop and other U.S. Atlantic Sea scallop and other speciesspecies

• Population numbers and densityPopulation numbers and density• Towed body Towed body • Grid or zig-zag pattern with binningGrid or zig-zag pattern with binning• Machine analysis of video/photos using Machine analysis of video/photos using

segmentation and feature extraction.segmentation and feature extraction.

Structure of Workshop: Structure of Workshop: Formal presentationsFormal presentations

3.3. Lynne Yamanaka et al. Pacific Biological Lynne Yamanaka et al. Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. (DFO)Station, Nanaimo, B.C. (DFO)

• Rockfish and other speciesRockfish and other species• Population numbers and densityPopulation numbers and density• ROV, Submersibles ROV, Submersibles • Strip sampling: field of view Strip sampling: field of view • Line transects: detection functionsLine transects: detection functions• Manual observation from video using DVLog Manual observation from video using DVLog

2.22 (video post-processing software) 2.22 (video post-processing software) • species maps from bottom type and neural species maps from bottom type and neural

net-based prediction of species habitat.net-based prediction of species habitat.

Structure of Workshop: Structure of Workshop: Formal presentationsFormal presentations

4.4. Peter Lawton and Mike Strong, Peter Lawton and Mike Strong, Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB (DFO)(DFO)

• Habitat classificationHabitat classification• Drift camera Drift camera • transectstransects• Real-time classification using ClassAct Real-time classification using ClassAct

Mapper software (developed at BIO)Mapper software (developed at BIO)

PostersPosters

Survey DesignSurvey Design Multi-target application necessitates flexible Multi-target application necessitates flexible

survey design.survey design. Adaptive sampling designs could be developed to Adaptive sampling designs could be developed to

optimize samplingoptimize sampling Image data only one component of description of Image data only one component of description of

benthic communitiesbenthic communities• MultibeamMultibeam• SidescanSidescan• Oceanographic modellingOceanographic modelling• Resource surveysResource surveys• Commercial fishing dataCommercial fishing data

Issues of matching across scalesIssues of matching across scales

Database DesignDatabase Design Development of an enterprise spatial data Development of an enterprise spatial data

modelmodel Need to “future protect” our upcoming Need to “future protect” our upcoming

investments in vessels and other investments in vessels and other equipment e.g. plan for use of fibre optic equipment e.g. plan for use of fibre optic cable and shift from serial ports to cable and shift from serial ports to Ethernet base communications. Ethernet base communications.

Implementation of standard metadata Implementation of standard metadata practices for equipment.practices for equipment.

Image analysis tools Image analysis tools → development and → development and expectations for data format and quality expectations for data format and quality required for these tools.required for these tools.

Image AnalysisImage Analysis

Combine the best of the regional Combine the best of the regional applications into national applicationsapplications into national applications

Expand the capacity of optical Expand the capacity of optical imaging to encompass meso-scalesimaging to encompass meso-scales• Partial to full benthic image mosaics Partial to full benthic image mosaics

greater than 10 m greater than 10 m × 10× 10 m for patch m for patch structures structures

• Extended linear video/still mosaics to 1 Extended linear video/still mosaics to 1 m m × several km to expand patch to × several km to expand patch to mesocales.mesocales.

Next stepsNext steps East coast engineering support East coast engineering support

participating in west coast auv/rov trials.participating in west coast auv/rov trials. Several projects on collecting, processing Several projects on collecting, processing

and managing high volumes of data and managing high volumes of data submitted to National Science Data submitted to National Science Data Management Committee (NSDMC) Management Committee (NSDMC)

NSDMC working group to study Marine NSDMC working group to study Marine data models.data models.

Scale issue to be partially addressed under Scale issue to be partially addressed under projects submitted to National Science projects submitted to National Science Directors.Directors.