dhc three year report

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2008-2011 Digital Humanities Collaboratory (DHC) 3 Year Report An OTL Faculty Learning Community Julie Klein Wayne State University

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Compilation of DHC mission, index, event summaries, flyers, attendance charts, and conclusion.

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2008-2011

Digital Humanities Collaboratory (DHC) 3 Year Report

An OTL Faculty Learning Community

Julie Klein

Wayne State University

1

Table of Contents SECTION ONE 2

Background Information 2 Mission Statement 2 Assessment and Lessons Learned 3

SECTION TWO - DHC PRESENTATIONS 4

2008-2009 DHC EVENTS 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS 6 September 19: New Paradigms for Teaching and Learning in Museums 7 October 31, 2008: InterDIGITALdisciplinarity: Why It’s Right for Everyone 7 November 14, 2008: An Evolutionary Approach to Teaching Language and Culture with Technology 8 December 5, 2008: Social Networks for Service Learning: Creating the Detroit 8 Network for Engaged Service Learning 8 January 30, 2009: Wikidelica: Open-Author Technologies And Just-In-Time Pedagogies 9 February 27, 2009: Digitizing Humanities: Mapping the Field 9 March 27, 2009. Premiering Wayne State’s New LUNA Image Software Tool 10 April 24, 2009: The Detroit/Turino Urban Project: A Synesthesia of Jazz and Photographic Imagery 10 INDIVIDUAL FLYERS 11

2009-2010 DHC Events 20 BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS 21 September 25, 2009: “Untold Stories: Digital Memories of the Spanish-speaking People of Texas.” 22 October 30, 2009: “Teaching, Copyright, and You in the 21

st Century” 22

December 4, 2009: “Digital Literacies: From Old Media to New Media.” 23 January 29, 2010. Premiere of WSU Digital Collections Website and Tools for Creating Digital Learning Objects 23 February 19, 2010: “Teaching and Learning with YouTube.” 24 March 12. 2010: “Mapping New Strategies for Arts Appreciation in Online Environments” 24 April 16, 2010: “New Paradigms for Teaching & Learning in Museums, Part II” 24 INDIVIDUAL FLYERS 25

2010-2011 DHC Events 32 2010 – 2011 33 BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS 33 September 19, 2010: “Best Practices: Online Teaching” – Part 1 34 October 29, 2010: “Best Practices: Online Teaching” – Part 2 34 December 3, 2010: “Incorporating Library Special Collections into Teaching, Learning, and Research 35 January 29, 2011: “What’s New on Bill Warters’ Radar?” 35 February 25, 2011: “Online Historical Resources” 36 March 25, 2011: “Preserving Access in Humanities” 36 INDIVIDUAL FLYERS 37

SECTION FOUR - ATTENDANCE CHARTS 46 2008-2011 Attendance by Department Chart 47 2008 -2009 Charts 48 2009 -2010 Charts 49 2010- 2011 Charts 50

SECTION FIVE - CONCLUSIONS 51 Analysis and Next Steps 52 Analysis and Next Steps (continued) 53

2

SECTION ONE

Background Information

The Digital Humanities Collaboratory (DHC) is a Faculty Learning Community (FLC) hosted by the Office for Teaching and Learning (OTL) and co-sponsored by the Humanities Center. FLCs provide faculty, graduate students, and staff with a home for common interests. The Center for the Enhancement of Learning and Teaching at Miami University defines two types of Faculty Learning Communities: cohort-based and topic-based. Cohorts address the teaching and learning needs of particular groups. Topic-based communities, such as the DHC, address particular areas or themes though may also engage in cohort building. The agenda of FLCs is determined by their members and may include regular meetings and seminars, special events and research projects, online forums for dialogue and resource sharing, publications, and/or conference presentations.

The Digital Humanities Collaboratory is an outgrowth of a campus-wide conference on Digital Partnerships in Humanities held on February 23, 2007 and subsequent Digital Humanities Working Group funded in 2007-2008 by the Humanities Center. The conference was held in conjunction with the 2006-2007 InFormation Year series of HASTAC, the Humanities, Arts, Science, and Technology Advanced Collaboratory. The Working Group, which met bi-monthly to discuss readings and topics in this rapidly growing field, included faculty from the Departments of English, History, Political Science, and Communications, as well as the Interdisciplinary Studies Program. At the end of the year, the Group decided to expand into a campus-wide forum now known as the DHC.

The Collaboratory is devoted to teaching and research at the intersections of computing and the disciplines of humanities and arts, the professions of education and library and information sciences, and interdisciplinary fields of cultural, media, and communication studies. The aim is to create greater visibility for projects dispersed across campus and to foster resource sharing and dialogue. During the academic years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, monthly meetings open to the entire faculty and graduate students were held in the Simons Room of the Purdy/Kresge Library, though the DHC on occasion took advantage of special locations such as the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Foreign Languages Lab in Manoogian. The DHC’s website archives materials related to the events.

Mission Statement

The DHC is devoted to teaching and research at the intersections of computing and the disciplines and fields of arts and humanities, media and communication studies, and information science. The aim is to create greater visibility for dispersed projects and to foster mutual learning and resource sharing.

3

Assessment and Lessons Learned

The 2009-2010 Digital Humanities Collaboratory (DHC) series attracted 35% more attendees than in 2008-2009. The average attendance in 2008-2009 was 14 persons per session and grew this season to 22 persons per session. The increased interest can be attributed to:

1. Positive word of mouth 2. Topics that appealed to a wide cross-section of interests 3. Faculty need for information about cutting edge technology suitable for teaching and

learning 4. Diverse presentation modes (lecture, museum visits, group discussions)

The season showcased such diverse topics as:

Teaching and Learning on YouTube New Paradigms for Teaching and Learning in Museums Teaching, Copyright, and You in the 21st Century Digital Literacies Untold Stories: Digital Memories of the Spanish-speaking People of Texas Digital Collections Website & Tool for Creating Digital Learning Objects (DLOs) Mapping New Strategies for Arts Appreciation in Online Environments

Lessons Learned: Faculty wants to learn how to use digital technology in educational ways The DHC is helping to reduce the ‘technophobia’ for some faculty members The DHC is providing a way for technologically advanced faculty to display and share

their knowledge A mix of presentation styles (lecture, visits, discussion) allows for optimal knowledge

sharing

4

SECTION TWO - DHC PRESENTATIONS

5

2008-2009 DHC EVENTS

6

2008-2009

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS

7

September 19: New Paradigms for Teaching and Learning in Museums

Nancy Jones, Executive Director of Learning and Interpretation and, Jennifer Czajkowski, Director of Interpretative Programs (at the Detroit Institute of Arts).

October 31, 2008: InterDIGITALdisciplinarity: Why It’s Right for Everyone

Karen McDevitt, Department of Communication’s Media Arts and Studies Program Graduate students: Arata Miyazaki, Jane Fader, Dale Compton Anderson, Kimberly Rice

The “New DIA” promotes new ways of looking at and thinking about art and the people, histories, and cultures of the world. Jones and Czajkowski described the new visitor-centered approach to the museum, followed by escorted gallery visits. The reinstallation of the museum applies research on cognition and learner-centered practice in art, while incorporating multiple technologies and media, and interrogative and thematic interdisciplinary approaches.

McDevitt and her students began with an overview of the current state of digital technologies in higher education and showed innovative uses on other campus. The focus then turned to integrations of digital technologies in teaching and learning at Wayne State and demonstrations of approaches that promote participatory culture through user-generated content (student- and instructor-designed websites, podcasts, blogs, and Second Life).

8

November 14, 2008: An Evolutionary Approach to Teaching Language and Culture with Technology

Sangeeta Gopalakrishnan, Director, Foreign Language Technology Center, Sandra Hobbs, Assistant Professor, Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Lisa Hock, Associate Professor, Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures

December 5, 2008: Social Networks for Service Learning: Creating the Detroit Network for Engaged Service Learning Kevin Deegan Krause, Associate Professor, Political Science, and students in his Honors 4200 seminar on Citizenship and New Technologies

The team demonstrated how use of instructional technology has reshaped their teaching of foreign languages over the past few years and discussed how it is likely to impact the future of language teaching. Streaming multimedia, virtual access to native speakers, and primary source foreign language materials have been a key to providing students with opportunities for success.

The panel discussed their grant proposal for a social network to improve the quality of service learning at Wayne State and the broader community, with examples from their own personal projects. See also documents from the November 2007 symposium on Virtual Citizenship, focused on the intersection of new technologies with social justice and civic engagement.

9

January 30, 2009: Wikidelica: Open-Author Technologies And Just-In-Time Pedagogies Jeff Pruchnic, Assistant Professor, and Laura Estill, Jared Grogan, and Michael McGinnis, Ph.D. Candidates and GTAs, all from the English Department

February 27, 2009: Digitizing Humanities: Mapping the Field Anne-Marie Armstrong, Instructional Designer, OTL, and Julie Thompson Klein, Professor of Humanities, English/Interdisciplinary Studies, and OTL Faculty Fellow

The team discussed their experience using and teaching with wikis – online interfaces based on open-source software that allows users to collaboratively compose and edit content. Topics included the conceptual and practical dimensions of wikis as a pedagogical technology and the English Department's participation in Wikidelica a project networking wiki-enhanced courses at Research Universities nationwide.

Armstrong and Klein traced the historical development of the field while highlighting key project, sites, cross-cutting themes, challenges and limits to current practice. They also sampled viewpoints from the UCLA Mellon seminar on “What Is[n’t] Digital Humanities?” and a recent HASTAC Scholars forum on the “The Future of Digital Humanities” at the HASTAC website, while offering resources for further reading and browsing.

10

March 27, 2009. Premiering Wayne State’s New LUNA Image Software Tool

The LUNA team from Art History and the Technology Resource Center of the University Libraries (Adrienne Aluzzo, Ian Chapp, Matt Decker, Terry Kerby, and Jon McGlone)

April 24, 2009: The Detroit/Turino Urban Project: A Synesthesia of Jazz and Photographic Imagery

Chris Collins, Associate Professor and Director of Jazz Studies in Department of Music, and the Detroit-Turino Jazz ensemble with Emanuele Cisi

The LUNA team premiered Wayne State’s new digital asset management system for faculty, students, and staff that provides access to image, audio, video, and text files (http://luna.lib.wayne.edu). The content includes thousands of images of art, architecture, and historical maps. The team demonstrated uses of this software for a variety of disciplines and demonstrated searching across multiple collections, integrating institutional content with Flickr content, making media groups and presentations, exporting content, and embedding content within Blackboard.

Miriam Schapiro, "Anatomy of a Kimono" (detail); 1975-1976, fabric and acrylic on canvas (5 of 10 panels). Courtesy Galerie Bruno Bischofberger, Zurich

The final event in the 2008-2009 series was a multi-dimensional presentation featuring the Detroit/Turino Urban Project’s website, video surround sound DVD, and web streaming of concerts. The Project involves a collaborative exploration of the challenges and successes of two urban cities in the U.S. and Italy with common links to the auto industry and jazz music.

11

INDIVIDUAL FLYERS

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2009-2010 DHC Events

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2009-2010

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS

22

September 25, 2009: “Untold Stories: Digital Memories of the Spanish-speaking People of Texas.”

Maria Gonzalez (Assistant Professor, Library and Information Sciences), co-sponsored by Chicano Boricua Studies in celebration of Hispanic Month

October 30, 2009: “Teaching, Copyright, and You in the 21st Century”

Geoff Nathan (Faculty Liaison for C&IT and Associate Professor of English)

Gonzalez, who was curator of an online exhibit of photos of four Mexican-American communities in Texas, talked about the collection, the nature of digital storytelling, reasons for a 55-year delay in publication, and investigations of new audiences for the exhibit. Taken by photographer Russell Lee, the more than 900 images represent Mexican American families, migrant workers, professionals and business owners, community organizers and political actors.

Photo Courtesy of the Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin

As the world has moved into Web 2.0, all of us are making greater use of web-based technology to do things we did previously on individual computers, such as file storage, watching videos, and writing papers. We are also engaging in new ways of interacting with others such as blogs, wikis, tweets, and social networking sites. Nathan provided an overview of how copyright laws and interpretations of those laws.

23

December 4, 2009: “Digital Literacies: From Old Media to New Media.”

English-Department faculty Lisa Maruca and Jim Brown Jill Morris, Ph.D. candidate in English and Director of College Writing at Baker College

January 29, 2010. Premiere of WSU Digital Collections Website and Tools for Creating Digital Learning Objects NEH grant team from OTL and Technology Resource Center

A team from the English Department’s Digital Literacies Initiative focused on ways to help students improve reading, writing and critical thinking. Maruca described how her students use digital tools such as blogging, YouTube, and online archives to investigate the history of literacy and technology. Brown discussed his course "Anthologics," in which students used media tools to create anthologies as a way of making sense of databases of resources. Morris demonstrated an assignment in video composition and digital editing she created at Baker College.

Members of a team funded by a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Digital Humanities Start-Up grant demonstrated a new prototype website and tools they created to help faculty, students, and staff easily build Digital Learning Objects (DLOs) using images from Wayne State’s Digital Collections. DLOs combine multi-media content for both instruction and assignments. The Virtual Motor City and Digital Dress Collections feature a wide variety of images from Detroit’s cultural history ripe for study within multiple disciplines and fields.

Images courtesy of Virtual Motor City Collection, Reuther Library, Wayne State University

24

February 19, 2010: “Teaching and Learning with YouTube.”

Michael Barbour (Education), Kimberly Conely (Communications), Fran Shor (History)

March 12. 2010: “Mapping New Strategies for Arts Appreciation in Online Environments” Mary Anderson (Theater)

April 16, 2010: “New Paradigms for Teaching & Learning in Museums, Part II”

Since its launch in 2005, the video-sharing website YouTube has quickly gained popularity as a personal service for sharing videos and an open community for interest groups. YouTube clips are also appearing increasingly in classrooms. Faculty from several departments and colleges demonstrated how they use YouTube in their courses, with examples from both grounded and online curricula at Wayne State and Lawrence Technological University.

Arts appreciation courses are considered staples in General Education curricula across the country. Anderson explored the practice and praxis of teaching Introduction to Theatre online, taking advantage of the affordances of digital archives such as Hulu, the Hemispheric Institute’s Digital Video Library, and a range of online pedagogical techniques and tools. The session considered how arts appreciation courses are being transformed in light of new modes of audience reception and new ways of cultivating student “voices” and “presence” in all subjects.

Nancy Jones and Swarupa Anila will orient participants to the new visitor-centered approach to gallery installation, followed by escorted visits to selected galleries. The reinstallation of the museum, which incorporates research on cognition and learning theory, is a benchmark of applying learner-centered practice and active engagement in art museums that incorporates multiple technologies, types of media, and interpretive strategies. A bold reimagining of the museum, the New DIA is being studied by other museums around the country as a model for an interrogative, interactive, and interdisciplinary experience.

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INDIVIDUAL FLYERS

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2010-2011 DHC Events

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2010 – 2011

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS

34

September 19, 2010: “Best Practices: Online Teaching” – Part 1

Dr. Jim Mazoué, Director of Online Programs

October 29, 2010: “Best Practices: Online Teaching” – Part 2

Eldonna May – Certified Online Professor WSU, Music Dept. and Florida State College – Jackson Humanities Dept. Mary Anderson – Asst. Professor in the College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts Judith Arnold – Coordinator for Information Services, Liaison for Irvin D. Reid Honors College Veronica Bielat – Instruction Services Coordinator, Liaison to the College of Education

The Digital Humanities Collaboratory launched its 2010-2011 series by introducing the new Director of Online Programs, Dr. James Mazoué, in the first of three events on online teaching. Jim presented a research-based overview of “best practices” in teaching, and addressed implications of “quality” in teaching with technology from the perspectives of faculty and the institutional level. He also examined factors that are driving online education and, more generally, technology-mediated teaching and learning, not only in Humanities but throughout the curriculum. Participants shared their views on possibilities and challenges of online teaching at Wayne State.

Dr. Jim Mazoué hosted the second in a series of events on Online Teaching. A panel of faculty from the 2010 General Education Faculty Summer Institute and library staff will discuss applying best practices in online teaching and supporting the needs of a technology-enhanced curriculum.

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December 3, 2010: “Incorporating Library Special Collections into Teaching, Learning, and Research Suzan Alteri, Social Sciences Librarian, Shawn McCann, Digital Projects Librarian, Diane Sybeldon, Arts and Media Librarian

January 29, 2011: “What’s New on Bill Warters’ Radar?”

Bill Warters, Assistant Professor (Research), Department of Communication

Alteri addressed physical special collections and how faculty can use these materials in their teaching. McCann covered the libraries’ digital collections in teaching. learning, and research. Sybeldon discussed the University Art Collections Including: “Cass Corridor Culture: In and Around Wayne State, 1960 – 1980s”

Former OTL Faculty Fellow, Bill Warters shared some of what has captured his attention in the last year or so. In addition, he covered some generally useful (and fun) tools for educators that he has discovered.

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February 25, 2011: “Online Historical Resources”

Cindy Krolikowski – Liaison for History, Political Science & Library and Information Science: Judith Arnold – Librarian III, Liaison for the Irvin D. Reid Honors College, English and Classics: Diane Sybeldon – Arts,

Film and Media Librarian

March 25, 2011: “Preserving Access in Humanities”

Jon McGlone – Digital Media Librarian: Joan Beaudoin – Asst. Professor in Library and Information Science

McGlone presented option for disseminating research online, online publishing opportunities, advances in digital library technologies and open access archiving. Beaudoin discussed a research study that examined the preservation practices of personal academic digital image collections, participant’s attitudes about preservation strategies, self-perceived technological skills and knowledge of institutional support.

The Librarian, Guiseppe Arcimboldo (1527-1593)

Krolikowski and Arnold, along with faculty collaborators, discussed integration of the WSU library’s historical resources into courses (whether online or face-to-face) and related assignments. Sybeldon introduced a number of the libraries’ audio, video, and image resources that can be used to add historical content/context to course presentations and projects.

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INDIVIDUAL FLYERS

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Greetings,

Since you have attended an event in the past sponsored by the Digital Humanities Collaboratory , I am sending copies of fliers for two

events that the Collaboratory is co-sponsoring on April 14 and 15. The combined film screening and Visual Culture Symposium is the culmination of a series of conversations in a Visual Culture Working Group this year, sponsored by Wayne State's Humanities Center. I'm a member of the Working Group and am delighted to support this effort because images are central to many Digital Humanities interests. Hope to see you there, and thanks so much for attending events in the Collaboratory series. Julie Thompson Klein, Professor of Humanities, Department of English and Faculty Fellow in the Office for Teachi ng and Learning

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THE VISUAL CULTURE WORKING GROUP AT WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY PRESENTS:

ANDY WARHOL FILMS PAUL SWAN (1965) CAMP (1965)

Introduced by Douglas Crimp

A Scene during the filming of Camp(1965) THURSDAY, APRIL 14 AT 1 PM DETROIT FILM THEATER AT THE DETROIT INSTITUTE OF ARTS DOORS OPEN AT 12:30 PM This event is presented in conjunction with the Visual Culture Symposium, which will take place at the DeRoy Auditorium (5203 Cass) at Wayne State University on Friday, April 15. Sponsored by the Humanities Center, the DeRoy Lecture Series, the English Department, Film and Media Studies, and the Digital Humanities Collaboratory, an OTL Faculty Learning Community. For more information email [email protected].

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THE VISUAL CULTURE WORKING GROUP AT WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY PRESENTS:

DOUGLAS CRIMP VISUAL CULTURE SYMPOSIUM FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 12:30 - 4 PM HELEN L. DEROY (BASEMENT) AUDITORIUM 5203 CASS, WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY

12:30 pm, KEYNOTE ADDRESS Douglas Crimp, University of Rochester “Andy Warhol Films the Most Beautiful Man in the World” 2 pm, AFTERNOON PANEL Scott Richmond, Wayne State University “The Unfinished Business of Modernism: Marcel Duchamp‟s Anémic Cinéma” renee hooglund, Wayne State University “Exhibition and Exposure in Rineke Dijkstra‟s „Family of Man‟” Jonathan Flatley, Wayne State University “Liking, Likeness and the Color Line in Andy Warhol‟s Early Silkscreens” 3:30 pm, RECEPTION with refreshments This event is presented in conjunction with a screening of Andy Sponsored by the Humanities Center, the DeRoy Lecture Series, the English Department, Film and Media Studies, and the Digital Humanities Collaboratory, an OTL Faculty Learning Community. For more information email [email protected]

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SECTION FOUR - ATTENDANCE CHARTS

47

2008-2011 Attendance by Department Chart

Total Attendees 443

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2008 -2009 Charts Total Attendance 163

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2009 -2010 Charts Total Attendance 155

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2010- 2011 Charts Total Attendance 125

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SECTION FIVE - Conclusions

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Analysis and Next Steps

The Collaboratory began as an experiment while I enjoyed course-release time afforded by the position

of Faculty Fellow in the Office for Teaching and Learning. During that time and after the end of course-release, I have also benefited from the generosity of the TRC and OTL in the form of staff support for programming, publicity, website design, and technology for events. This affiliation has been a key to the success of the experiment, reinforced by the imprimatur of the OTL and TRC. Such support is all the more crucial now since an increase in my personal workload due to new course preparations in a new department has drastically reduced the amount of time I have for this project. Unfortunately, the workload pressure will continue into the future.

Evaluated from the standpoint of attendance, the average attendance in 2008-2009 was 14 persons per event and grew during the second season to 22 persons per event. The 2009-2010 series attracted 35% more attendees than the 2008-2009 series (statistical analysis by Sherry Tuffin, Student Assistant in the TRC and 2009-2010 HASTAC Scholar in TRC and OTL). Increased attendance in the second year may be attributed to several factors:

• greater familiarity across campus with the Collaboratory, as a result of prior attendance, word of mouth, and enlarging the scope of publicity • a new unit-based system of liaisons who disseminate flyers to their constituents both online and in print* • faculty interest in learning about new technologies for teaching and learning, and in gaining confidence about using them • a wide range of topics appealing to a cross-section of campus faculty and staff • diverse modes of presentation including individual talks, demonstrations, panels, group discussions, and site visits • a desire among faculty to share their knowledge and experience, while Gaining from others’ experience • the enjoyment of a cross-disciplinary forum rather than unit-level silos.

The initial liaisons were Lisa Maruca (CLAS list), Julie Klein (English), Margaret Winters (Languages), Sangeetha Gopalakrishnan (Foreign Language Lab), Fran Shor (History, replaced by Terri Patton), Mary Anderson (Theater and CFPCA), Walter Edwards (Humanities Center, for print-only), Bill Warters (Communication), Ian Chapp (Art and Art History), Maria Gonzales (L&IS), and Kevin Deegan-Krause (Political Science). Recent additions include Hermina Anghelescu (L&IS), Susan Alteri (Library), and Carole Bannerman (Speech-Audiology).

The smaller number of people for some events should not be read as a sign of failure. Competition with competing events was the major reason, even though my events were always scheduled before others. The largest number of attendees, at 47, was appropriate for a campus-wide launch of the new LUNA-Visual Resources technology. A much smaller number, 5 for Anderson’s Introduction to Theater online, proved to be a very compatible size for intensive group discussion, and the speaker was quite pleased by the format. This realization gave rise to new thinking about the Collaboratory for 2010-2011, specifically the plan to move away from a program of separate and unrelated monthly presentations to a new experiment with a continuing theme with subgroup clusters and perhaps some individual events. The plan for 2010-2011 has not been

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Analysis and Next Steps (continued)

finalized yet, but at present is envisioned as a series of events around the theme of “Best Practices in Teaching and Learning with Technology.” When finalized, the roster of events will be added to this report.

Despite workload pressures, I am deeply committed to this project and request continuance of both a formal affiliation and past forms of support in the TRC and OTL. We may change the name and shift the focus somewhat, but the goal of energizing and empowering faculty for teaching and learning with technology will remain the same. The presenters, of course, deserve high praise for their voluntary contributions, as well as the liaisons and other members of the Advisory Board. I extend my most heartfelt gratitude to Dina Mein and Kristi Verbeke, for their colleagueship. I have been at Wayne State for four decades now, and our collaboration has been one of the most exciting and satisfying experiences of my professional life. I thank, as well, Dean Sandy Yee, for her administrative support throughout the years. Dick Dunbar’s assistance with technical needs has always been of enormous value, and I am grateful to ongoing help from Nancy Swenskowski, Shari-Lynn Robinson, and Sherry Tuffin.

Julie Thompson Klein