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ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU

'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂÇ¸Ùð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæðÂ ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð

ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕÉ¸ôžæÚUè

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¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

1 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com

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iz- dksjksuk laØe.k ds eísutj gq, ykWdMkmu ,oa laØe.k ds c



egkekjh ij vadq'k % foKku ds izpkj o 'kklu ds fodsUnzhdj.k dh t:jr

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¥ dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ebZ ds var rd jkT;ksa dks

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gks tkrh gaSA

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xSj&egkuxjh; Hkkjr dk yxHkx 1

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eqf'dys gksaxhA

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Mk;usfeDl] bdksukWfeDl ,aM ikWfylh

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dh thMhih ds 1 çfr'kr ls Hkh de gS]

tks mlds dqN iM+kslh ns'kks a tSls HkwVku

(2-5 çfr'kr)] Jhyadk (1-6 çfr'kr)

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ij gSA

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mik;

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tksu (dUVsuesaV tksu) uked midj.k

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dk lhekadu] ijh{k.k] mipkj] vuqjs•.k

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lkekftd xfr'khyrk esa çHkkoh gks ldrh

gSA

fu"d"kZ

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enn djsxkA

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u, lekt dk fuekZ.k iqu% •q'kgkyh ls dj ldsA

lkekU; vè;;u isij&2

Topic:

¥ LokLF;] f'k{kk] ekuo lalk/uksa ls lacaf/r lkekftd {ks=k@ lsokvksa ds fodkl vkSj izca/u ls lacaf/r eqn~nsA

¥ 'kklu O;oLFkk] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ds egRoiw.kZ i{k] bZ&xousZal&vuqiz;ksx] ekWMy] liQyrk,a] lhek,a vkSj laHkkouk,a] ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk&i=k] ikjnf'kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh vkSj laLFkkxr rFkk vU; mik;A



tyok;q ifjorZu ij lrdZ gksus dk lgh le;04

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ orZeku le; esa fofHkUu ns'kksa ds ç/kuksa us

ftl çdkj dksjksuk ls yM+us esa rkRdkfyd

rRijrk fn•kbZ gS mlh çdkj vc mUgsa

tyok;q ifjorZu ds çfr Hkh lrdZrk

fn•kus dh vko';drk gS] D;ksafd dkcZu

&MkbvkWDlkbM ds lkFk vU; xzhu gkml

xSlksa (th,pth) ds vR;f/d mRltZu ds

dkj.k vkSlr oSf'od rkieku cku çnf'kZr fd;k

vkSj 2015 rd rks i`Foh lkS lky igys ds

eqdkcys 1 fMxzh lsfYl;l vf/d xeZ gks

xbZA tyok;q foKku ds tkudj ,d lVhd

vuqeku yxkrs gq, crkrs gS fd vxj ekStwnk

ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dksbZ lq/kj ugha fd;k x;k

rks i`Foh bl 'krkCnh ds var rd 4˚C xeZ

gks tk,xhA

tyok;q ifjorZu dk çHkko

¥ gky esa c



esa yxh vkx esa ;ksxnku fn;k] ftlls Hkkjh

rckgh gqbZA

¥ ;fn oSf'od CO2 mRltZu orZeku nj ls

ckSrk gqvk vkSj fodflr ns'kks a

(,usDl&1 esa 'kkfey ns'k) }kjk xzhugkml

xSlks a dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy;s y{; r;

fd;k x;kA D;ksVks çksVksdkWy ds rgr 40

vkS|ksfxd ns'kks a dks vyx lwph ,usDl&1

esa j•k x;k gSA

¥ UNFCCC dh okf"kZd cSBd dks dkWUÚsal

vkWiQ n ikVhZt (COP) ds uke ls tkuk

tkrk gSA

isfjl le>kSrk

¥ o"kZ 2015 esa 30 uoacj ls ysdj 11

fnlacj rd 195 ns'kks a dh ljdkjks a ds

çfrfuf/;ks a us isfjl esa tyok;q ifjorZu

ls fuiVus ds fy;s laHkkfor u, oSf'od

le>kSrs ij ppkZ dhA

¥ xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dks de djus ds

y{; ds lkFk laiUu isfjl le>kSrs dks

Xykscy okfeZax dks jksdus ds fy;s ,d

,sfrgkfld le>kSrs ds :i esa ekU;rk

çkIr gSA

tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj Hkkjr

tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk

(NAPCC)

¥ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk

dk 'kqHkkjaHk o"kZ 2008 esa fd;k x;k FkkA

¥ bldk mís'; turk ds çfrfuf/;ks a]

ljdkj dh fofHkUu ,tsafl;ks a] oSKkfudksa]

m|ksx vkSj leqnk;ks a dks tyok;q ifjorZu

ls mRiUu •rjs vkSj blls eqdkcyk djus

ds mik;ksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d djuk gSA



bl dk;Z ;kstuk esa eq[;r% 8 fe'ku

'kkfey gSa%

jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku

fodflr ÅtkZ n{krk ds fy;s jk"Vªh;

fe'ku

lqfLFkj fuokl ij jk"Vªh; fe'ku

jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku

lqfLFkj fgeky;h ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k gsrq

jk"Vªh; fe'ku

gfjr Hkkjr gsrq jk"Vªh; fe'ku

lqfLFkj Ñf"k gsrq jk"Vªh; fe'ku

tyok;q ifjorZu gsrq j.kuhfrd Kku

ij jk"Vªh; fe'ku

pqukSfr;k¡

¥ xkSjryc gS fd o"kZ 2015 rd] oSf'od

vkSlr rkieku lkS lky igys dh rqyuk

esa 1 fMxzh lsfYl;l rd ckSrs ds rgr viuh

çfrc¼rkvksa dks iwjk djus ls vHkh cgqr

ihNs gS] ftlds vuqlkj vkSlr oSf'od

rkieku esa iwoZ&vkS|ksfxd Lrjksa dh rqyuk

esa 2 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls de o`f¼ djuh

gS]D;ksafd 2 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls vf/d

rkieku o`f¼ Hk;kog i;kZoj.kh; nq"pØ

dk míHko dj ldrh gSA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ cko fn;k tk jgk gS%

ok;qeaMy ls cM+h ek=kk esa CO2 dks

fudkydj lqjf{kr :i ls HkaMkj.k

djukA (Geo-sequestering)

Hkw&bathfu;fjax çkS|ksfxfd;ksa }kjk lkSj

fofdj.k dk fofu;euA (ok;qeaMy esa

,jkslksy dk mi;ksx djuk ;k fo'kky

ijkorZd dks varfj{k esa j•ukA)

¥ nqfu;k Hkj dh ljdkjsa viuh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa

dks iquthZfor djus ds fy, fo'kky

çksRlkgu iSdst ykWUp dj jgh gSaA ;g gekjh

vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dks cuk, j•us dk ,d

lqugjk volj gSA


Topic:

¥ laj{k.k] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k vkSj {kj.k] i;kZoj.k izHkko dk vkdyuA



oS'ohdj.k dk lekiu ;k u;s ekudksa dh LFkkiuk % ,d fo'ys"k.k05

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ fo'o ds dbZ vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa rFkk fo'ks"kKksa

dk ekuuk gS fd oS'ohdj.k vc vius

fuEu Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gSA orZeku ifjn`';

esa COVID-19 egkekjh ds dkj.k oSf'od

vkiwfrZ Ük`a•yk vkSj iwath çokg ckf/r gqbZ

gSA bl oSf'od egkekjh us blls lacaf/r

ifj.kke cgqr tYnh çnf'kZr dj fn, gSa tSls

fd varjk"Vªh; lhekvksa dk can gksuk] gekjs

vkl&ikl lkekftd vyxko dk ifjos'k

lkFk gh oSf'od okf.kT; esa mÙkjksÙkj deh

vkSj varjjk"Vªh; laxBuksa dh rqyuk esa çR;sd

jkT;ksa dh Hkwfedk dk vf/d çeq• gksuk

vkfnA

¥ bl lanHkZ esa nqfu;k Hkj ds ns'kksa us Hkh

vc vkRefuHkZjrk c



iz- orZeku egkekjh ds nkSjku oS'ohdj.k dh vo/kj.kk /qfey gks jgh gSA fo'ys"k.k djsaA

Topic:

¥ Hkkjr ds fgrksa] Hkkjrh; Mk;liksjk ij fodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa rFkk jktuhfr dk izHkkoA


fy, çnku fd;k x;k gSA blds ckn]

dbZ vesfjdh ,tsafl;ksa us dbZ dk;ZØeksa

dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS] ftudk mís'; ?kjsyw

O;olk;ksa dks iquthZfor djuk gSA

¥ gkyk¡fd ,tsafl;ksa dk bjknk bu O;olk;ksa

dk blfy, Hkh leFkZu djuk gS] rkfd mUgsa

oSf'od cktkjksa esa phu ds lkFk çfrLi/kZ

djus esa l{ke cuk;k tk ldsA

oS'ohdj.k dh lhek,a

¥ COVID-19 egkekjh us HkweaMyhdj.k dh

fuEufyf•r lhekvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS%

¥ oSf'od vkiwfrZ Ük`a•ykvksa dh vifjgk;Zrk

tSls fd esfMflu] ihihbZ] ekLd] nLrkus

bR;kfn ds fy, phu ij fuHkZjrk us dbZ

jk"Vªksa dh fpark dks c



Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd cgkyh ,oa mldk vkdkj % le; dh ek¡x 06

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa fo'o cSad (World Bank) us

dgk gS fd dksjksuk ok;jl (Coronavirus)

egkekjh us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks tcnZLr

>Vdk fn;k gSA blls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk

dk çn'kZu 1991 ds mnkjhdj.k ds ckn

lcls •jkc jgsxkA fo'o cSad us ^nf{k.k

,f'k;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij dsafær fjiksVZ esa

dgk fd 2020&21 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk

dh o`f¼ nj ?kVdj 1-5 ls 2-8 iQhlnh ds

chp jgsxhA

¥ fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd tSls tSls Hkkjr

vuykWd dh fn'kk esa cVdk Hkkjr dks ,sls le;

esa yxk gS tc foÙkh; {ks=k ij ncko dh

otg ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa igys ls

lqLrh gSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij

dsafær fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd 2019&20

esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj 4-8 ls

5 iQhlnh ds chp jgsxhA

¥ dksfoM&19 dh otg ls ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ vkSj

ekax çHkkfor gksus ds pyrs 2020&21 esa

vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj ?kVdj 1-5 ls 2-8 iQhlnh

jg tk,xhA oSf'od Lrj ij tksf•e c



iz- dksfoM&19 dk >Vdk Hkkjr dks ,sls le; esa yxk gS tc foÙkh; {ks=k ij ncko dh otg ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa igys ls gh lqLrh gSA ppkZ dhft;sA


Topic:

¥ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ;kstuk] lalk/uksa dks tqVkus] izxfr] fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls lacf/r eqn~nsA

mHkjus ds ckn ;g fiQj fxjrh gS vkSj

iqu% o`f¼ djrh gS] bl çdkj] blesa

MCY;w&vkdkj dk pkVZ curk gSA tkudkjks a

dk ekuuk gS fd vxj dksjksuk egkekjh

dh nwljh ygj vkrh gS rks bl çdkj dh

ço`fÙk ns•h tk ldrh gSA

¥ L&vkdkj dh fjdojh (L-shaped

recovery)% ;g vFkZO;oLFkk dh lcls

•jkc fLFkfr gksrh gS] ftlesa vFkZO;oLFkk

esa fxjkoV ds ckn fodkl fuEu Lrj ij

igq¡p tkrk gS vkSj ;g yacs le; rd

Bhd ugha gks irk gSA blesa] vFkZO;oLFkk

o"kks ± ds ckn Hkh orZeku thMhih ds Lrj dks

gkfly djus esa foiQy jgrh gSA L vkdkj

ls irk pyrk gS fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh

mRiknu {kerk esa LFkk;h uqdlku gksrk gSA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥ COVID-19 ds dkj.k

phu ls gksus okys

vk;kr ds çHkkfor

gksus ls LFkkuh; vkSj

ckgjh vkiwfrZ Ük` a•yk

ds lanHkZ esa fpark,¡

c



egkekjh ds nkSj esa ekuo dsafnzr fodkl ekWMy07

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ dksjksuk ok;jl egkekjh (Coronavirus

pandemic) ds dkj.k mÙkj çns'k ds

eq[;ea=kh ;ksxh vkfnR;ukFk mÙkj çns'k ds

Jfedksa dks x`g jkT; esa okil ykus

ds fy, n`qXxh cfLr;ksa esa jgk

djrh FkhA

¥ oYMZ cSad dh ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd]

1965 esa flaxkiqj dh çfr O;fÙkQ thMhih

516 vejhdh MkWyj Fkh vkSj djhc vk/h

tula[;k vf'kf{kr FkhA ysfdu blds

ckotwn flaxkiqj us 1960 ls 1980 rd çfr

O;fÙkQ ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn esa 15 xquk dh

o`f¼ djus tSlk dhfrZeku cuk;k gSA

¥ ;gh ugha] Hkz"Vkpkj dh leL;k ls fuiVus

ds fy, flaxkiqj esa ,sls dM+s dkuwu cuk,

x, ftudh otg ls Hkz"Vkpkj esa deh ns•h

xbZA flaxkiqj esa 'kkunkj lM+dsa vkSj gkbos

fuekZ.k ij tksj fn;k x;k ftlls vk/kjHkwr



¥ flaxkiqj dh lwjr cnyus esa bldh HkkSxksfyd

fLFkfr dk Hkh ,d cM+k ;ksxnku gSA ;s

ns'k eyDdk tyMe:eè; ds eqgkus ij

fLFkr gS tgka ls nqfu;k dk 40 iQhlnh

leqæh O;kikj gksdj xqtjrk gS ftlls bl

ns'k dks Hkkjh dekbZ gksrh gSA bldh 190

fdyksehVj yach rVh; js•k ij dbZ xgjs

ikuh okys canjxkg gSaA

xka/hoknh vFkZ'kkL=k

¥ mÙkj çns'k tSls jkT; flaxkiqj dh rqyuk

esa vf/d tfVy gSaA flaxkiqj yxHkx 6

fefy;u ukxfjdksa okyk ,d 'kgj gS]

tcfd 200 fefy;u ls vf/d dh

vkcknh okys mÙkj çns'k esa ntZuks a 'kgj

vkSj gtkjks a xk¡o gSaA çoklh Hkkjr ds

'kgjksa ls xkaoks a esa okil ykSV jgs gSa vkSj

os ,d ,slh nqfu;k esa ykSV jgs gSa ftls

xka/h th vPNh rjg ls tkurs FksA

¥ xka/h th us dgk Fkk fd tc rd

Hkkjr ds xkaoks a esa yksxks a dks vkfFkZd

vkSj lkekftd vktknh ugha feysxh rc

rd] Hkkjr Lora=k ns'k ugha gks ldrkA

;g mudk xjhcksa dk Lojkt dk liuk

FkkA mlds fy,] vaxzstks a ls jktuhfrd

Lora=krk jkLrs esa egt ,d dne FkhA

¥ xka/hoknh vFkZ'kkL=k ,d ,slh vkfFkZd

O;oLFkk dh ladYiuk ij vk/kfjr gS

ftles ¶oxZ¸ dk dksbZ LFkku ugh gS_

ysfdu bl rjg dk xka/hokn] ekDlZokn

ls fHkUu gSA xk¡/h dk vFkZ'kkL=k ,d ,slh

lkekftd O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dh ckr

djrk gS ftlesa ,d O;fÙkQ fdlh nwljs

dk 'kks"k.k ugh djrk gSA vFkkZr xka/hoknh

vFkZ'kkL=k_ lkekftd U;k; vkSj lerk ds

fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr gSA

¥ xk¡/h th dk vFkZ'kkL=k NksVs vkSj Je

ç/ku m|ksxks a ds i{k esa gSA xk¡/h th

cM+h&cM+h e'khuksa ds fojks/h Fks_ gkyk¡fd

;g ckr orZeku le; esa FkksM+h de

lkFkZd gSA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ,d

futhZo e'khu dbZ euq";ksa dk dke djrh

gS ftlds dkj.k lekt esa csjkstxkjh

c



egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7

lhek lek;kstu dj01

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa m|ksx eaMy ih,pMh pSEclZ vkWiQ dkWelZ }kjk baVjusV ds ekè;e ls vk;ksftr dk;ZØe esa ^uhfr vk;ksx* ds lnL; oh-ds- lkjLor }kjk ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dks ,d leku Lrj çnku djus ds fy;s vk;kr ij ^lhek lek;kstu dj* (Border Adjustment Tax-BAT) yxkus dk leFkZu fd;k x;k gSA

3- D;k gS lhek lek;kstu dj ¾ ^lhek lek;kstu dj* ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS tks canjxkgksa ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;kfrr oLrqvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gSA ;g ns'k ls fu;kZr gksus okyh oLrqvksa ij vkjksfir ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

¾ lhek lek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls ^dj ds xarO; fl¼kar* (Destination Principle of Taxation) ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gSA

¾ lkekU;r% ;g dj vius {ks=kkf/dkj ds Hkhrj mRiknksa ;k lsokvksa dh vkiwfrZ djus okyh fons'kh vkSj ?kjsyw daifu;ksa ds fy;s ^çfrLi/kZ dh leku fLFkfr* (Equal Conditions of Competition) dks c



1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa lqçhe dksVZ }kjk fn, x;s vkns'k ds ckn ls vle ds

cjkd ?kkVh esa fujks/ dsaæ ls

ykHkkFkhZ ds :i esa fjgk gksus okys

flídh vyh vafre ?kksf"kr fons'kh

cu x, gSaA3- ?kksf"kr fons'kh

¾ ?kksf"kr fons'kh (Declared foreigner), ds :i esa ml O;fDr dks fpfÉr fd;k tkrk gS ftls 100 fons'kh vf/dj.k (iQkWjsulZ fVªC;wuy) esa ls fdlh ,d }kjk igpku dh xbZ gks] tks jkT; iqfyl dh ckWMZj foax }kjk voS/ ukxfjd ds :i esa fpfÉr djus ds ckn viuh ukxfjdrk lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA

4- ?kksf"kr fonsf'k;ksa dh fLFkfr ¾ xkSjryc gS fd vle ds fofHkUu fujks/ dsaæksa esa dqy 802 ?kksf"kr fons'kh gSaA

¾ dqN yksxksa dks •jkc nLrkost ;k •jkc dkuwuh lgk;rk vkSj lalk/uksa dh deh ds dkj.k fons'kh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gS D;ksafd os lkfcr djus esa l{ke ugha gksrs gSa fd os Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gSaA

¾ buesa ls dqN mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa vius ekeyksa dks vkxs c



tqusfFkUFk egksRlo03

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa viuh laLÑfr ds fy, fujarj vkRe&fodkl vkSj lEeku dks çksRlkfgr

djrs gq,] vÚhdh vesfjdh leqnk; us

viuh LorU=krk dk 155 ok¡ o"kZ euk;kA

bls tqusfFkUFk dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ewy

:i ls ;g twu vkSj mUuhloha(ukbfFkUFk)

dk ,d la;kstu gS vkSj ml rkjh• dks

fpfÉr djrk gS tks la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk

esa xqykeh ds var dk çrhd gSA

2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ yxHkx rhu lky pys vesfjdh x`g ;q¼ esa jk"Vªifr bczkghe fyadu us Lora=krk dh

mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh dh] ftlesa crk;k x;k fd foæksgh jkT;ksa ds Hkhrj xqyke ds :i esa

idM+s lHkh yksxks a dks ekuork ds ukrs Lora=k dj fn;k tk;sxk vkSj nklrk ls eqfÙkQ

ns nh tk;sxh] ml le; dqN pkj yk• xqyke idM+s x;s FksA

¾ ijUrq ]okLrfodrk esa nklrk lekIr gksus esa o"kks ± yx x,A ;g mn~?kks"k.kk mu

lhekorhZ jkT;ksa ij ykxw ugha gksrh Fkh tks la?k ds çfr oiQknkj FksA ckn esa] ;q¼

lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk ds nks lky vkSj



RMIFC vkSj EMASOH04

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa i;Zos{kd ds :i esa fgan egklkxj vk;ksx (vkbZvkslh) esa 'kkfey gksus ds ckn]

Hkkjr esMkxkLdj esa {ks=kh; leqæh lwpuk lay;u

dsaæ (Regional Maritime Information Fusion

Centre& RMIFC) rFkk gkseZqt tyMe:eè; esa

;wjksih; leqæh fuxjkuh igy (EMASOH) esa

ukSlsuk laidZ vf/dkfj;ksa dks fu;qDr djus ij

fopkj dj jgk gSA

2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ RMFIC fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx ds varxZr dk;Z djrk gSA KkrO; gS fd Hkkjr] tkiku rFkk la;qDr jk"Vª dks ekpZ] 2020 esa i;Zos{kd dk ntkZ iznku fd;k x;k gSA bldk eq[;ky; esMkxkLdj esa fLFkr gSA

¾ {ks=kh; leqæh lwpuk lay;u dsaæ dh LFkkiuk dk mís'; leqæh xfrfof/;ksa ij fuxjkuh ds ekè;e ls leqæh vf/dkj&{ks=k tkx:drk (Maritime Domain Awareness) esa o`f¼ djuk rFkk lwpuk lk>kdj.k ,ao fofue; dks çksRlkgu nsuk gSA

3- ;wjksih; leqæh fuxjkuh igy (EMASOH) ¾ csfYt;e] MsuekdZ] uhnjySaM vkSj Úkal ds la;qÙkQ igy ls EMASOH dk eq[;ky; vcw /kch esa Úkalhlh ukSlSfud vîós ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA

¾ bldh LFkkiuk dk çeq• mís'; leqæ esa gksus okyh xfrfof/;ksa dh fuxjkuh djuk rFkk iQkjl dh •kM+h ,oa gkseZqt tyMe:eè; esa ukSifjogu dh Lora=krk dk nkf;Ro ysuk gSA bl igy dh 'kq:vkr izQkal ds usr`Ro esa iQjojh] 2020 esa fd;k x;kA

4- fgan egklkxj vk;ksx ¾ vkbZvkslh nf{k.k if'pe fgan egklkxj esa ,d {ks=kh; eap gS ftlesa ikap jk"Vª 'kkfey gSa & dkseksjksl] Úkal (jh;wfu;u)] esMkxkLdj] ekWjh'kl vkSj ls'ksYlA phu vkSj ;wjksih; la?k (bZ;w) Øe'k% 2016 vkSj 2017 ds ckn ls vkbZvkslh esa i;Zos{kd jgs gSaA

¾ fgan egklkxj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1982 esa ekWjh'kl ds iksVZ yqbZ esa dh x;h FkhA bldk eq[;ky; ,csus ekWjh'kl esa vofLFkr gSA ;g ,d varj&ljdkjh laxBu gSA

5- fgan egklkxj {ks=k gsrq lwpuk lay;u dsaæ ¾ Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk us fnlacj 2018 esa xq#xzke esa lwpuk çca/u vkSj fo'ys"k.k dsaæ (IMAC) ds ifjlj esa IFC-IOR dh LFkkiuk dh rkfd {ks=k esa leqæh xfrfof/;ksa ij utj j•h tk ldsA

¾ Úkal IFC-IOR esa ,d Liaison vf/dkjh rSukr djus okyk igyk ns'k cu x;k] ftlds ckn vesfjdk] vkWLVªsfy;k] tkiku vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe lfgr dbZ vU; ns'kksa us ukS lsuk laidZ vf/dkjh fu;qÙkQ djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA

¾ Hkkjr us dbZ ns'kksa ds lkFk 'osr f'kfiax le>kSrksa] ykWftfLVDl liksVZ vxzhesaV (,y,l,) vkSj leqæh lg;ksx le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] opZqvy lfeV esa] Hkkjr vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k us baMks&iSflfiQd esa leqæh lg;ksx ds fy, ,d lk>k fotu ij ,d la;qÙkQ ?kks"k.kk dh] ftlesa mUgksaus ¶ukSlsuk&ls&ukSlsuk lg;ksx dks xgjk djus vkSj baMks&iSflfiQd {ks=k esa leqæh vf/dkj&{ks=k tkx:drk (,eMh,) dks etcwr djus¸ ij lgefr O;ÙkQ dhA

¾ vkbZ,iQlh&vkbZvksvkj nqfu;k Hkj esa blh rjg ds dsaæksa ds lkFk leUo; dj jgk gSA buesa &vkHkklh {ks=kh; leqæh ;krk;kr dsaæ] gkWuZ vkWiQ vÚhdk dk leqæh lqj{kk dsaæ ]leqæh MdSrh vkSj l'kL=k MdSrh ij {ks=kh; lg;ksx le>kSrk] lwpuk lay;u dsaæ& flaxkiqj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; leqæh C;wjks&ikbjslh fjiksfVZax dsaæ 'kkfey gSaA



fons'kh çtkfr;ksa ds vk;kr gsrq fn'kk&funZs'k 05

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa i;kZoj.k ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; (MOEFCC) us ,d fn'kk funZs'k tkjh

fd;k gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ¶fons'kh

thfor çtkfr;ksa¸ dk vk;kr djus okys yksxksa

dks LoSfPNd çdVhdj.k djuk gksxkA

¾ ;g dne dksjksuks ok;jl (COVID-19) ds çdksi dks ns•rs gq, mBk;k x;k gS] ftlus

voS/ oU;tho O;kikj vkSj twuksfVd laca/h

chekfj;ksa ds ckjs esa oSf'od fpark iSnk dh gSA

2- vko';drk D;ksa \ ¾ ns'k ds cgqr ls ukxfjdksa us lhvkbZVhbZ,l (ladVxzLr çtkfr varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lEesyu) dks vius ikl j•k gS] ftlesa fons'kh i'kq çtkfr;ksa dks lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu jkT;@dsaæ Lrj ij ,slh çtkfr;ksa ds LVkWd ls lEcaf/r dksbZ ,dhÑr lwpuk ç.kkyh miyC/ ugha gSA

¾ dbZ fons'kh çtkfr;ksa tSls&i{kh] ljhlì] NksVs Lru/kjh] eNfy;ka vkSj ;gka rd fd dqN ikS/s Hkh Hkkjr esa vk;kr fd, tkrs gSaA

¾ i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; us vxys Ng eghuksa esa LoSfPNd tkudkjh nsus ds ekè;e ls ,slh çtkfr;ksa ds /kjdksa ls LVkWd tkudkjh ,d=k djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA

¾ xkSjryc gS fd jkT; vFkok dsaæh; Lrj ij fons'kh çtkfr;ksa ls lacaf/r dksbZ ,dhÑr lwpuk ç.kkyh miyC/ ugha gSA blds vykok] ns•k x;k gS fd nLrkostksa dh yach çfØ;k rFkk tkap ls cpus ds fy, fons'kh çtkfr;ksa dks ns'k esa voS/ :i ls rLdjh dh tkrh gSA

3- çeq• fn'kk&funZs'k ¾ iathdj.k] i'kqvksa o u, 'kkodksa ds LVkWd lkFk&lkFk vk;kr vkSj fofue; ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA blls çtkfr;ksa ds csgrj çca/u esa enn feysxh vkSj ;g /kjdksa dks mfpr i'kq fpfdRlk ns•Hkky] vkokl vkSj çtkfr;ksa dh HkykbZ ds vU; igyqvksa ds ckjs esa ekxZn'kZu djsxkA

¾ fons'kh i'kqvksa ds MsVkcsl ls i'kq&jksxks a ds fu;a=k.k vkSj çca/u esa enn feysxhA tkuojksa vkSj euq";ksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, le;≤ ij ekxZn'kZu Hkh miyC/ gksxkA

¾ ?kks"k.kkdrkZ dks fons'kh thfor çtkfr;ksa ds laca/ esa fdlh Hkh nLrkost tek djus dh vko';drk ugha gksxh] ;fn ijke'kZ tkjh djus dh rkjh• ds Ng eghus ds Hkhrj ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gSA 6 eghus ds ckn dh xbZ fdlh Hkh ?kks"k.kk ds fy,] ?kks"k.kkdrkZ dks ekStwnk dkuwuks a vkSj fu;eksa ds rgr nLrkost dh vko';drk ds fu;e dk ikyu djuk gksxkA

¾ fdlh Hkh fons'kh tkuoj dk vk;kr djus ls iwoZ O;fÙkQ dks DGFT ls ykblsal çkfIr ds fy;s ,d vkosnu çLrqr djuk gksxkAvk;krd dks vkosnu ds lkFk lacaf/r jkT; ds êq[; oU;tho okMZu* dks ^vukifÙk çek.k i=k* (NOC) Hkh layXu djuk gksxkA

4- fons'kh (,DlksfVd) çtkfr;ka ¾ fons'kh (,DlksfVd) çtkfr;ka] i'kq ;k ikS/ksa dh mu çtkfr;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS] ftUgsa vius ewy LFkku ls u, LFkku ij ys tk;k tkrk gSA

¾ fons'kh çtkfr;ka* (Exotic live species) ds varxZr ôU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij dUosa'ku* (CITES) dh ifjf'k"V I. (dksbZ

O;kikj ugha gksrk gS)] II. (O;kikj iwoZ vuqefr ls gks ldrk gS) rFkk III. (esa cM+h la[;k esa i'kq vkSj i{kh gSa ftudk O;kikj fd;k tk ldrk

gSA) esa vf/lwfpr yqIrçk; çtkfr;ksa ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq ôU;tho (laj{k.k) vf/fu;e] 1972 ds rgr vf/lwfpr çtkfr;ksa

dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA



flfDde&frCcr dUosa'ku] 189006

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa flfDde ds ukdq yk esa okLrfod fu;a=k.k js•k (Line of Actual Control - LAC)

ij phu vkSj Hkkjr ds lSfudksa ds eè;

c



lw;Z xzg.k ,oa mldk egRo07

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ 21 twu] 2020 dks Hkkjr ds mÙkjh fgLlksa esa oy;kdkj lw;Z xzg.k (Annular Solar Eclipse)

fn•kbZ fn;k] tks •xksyh; foKku esa egRoiw.kZ

?kVuk gSA xkSjryc gS fd 25 lky ckn ;s

igyk ekSdk gS tc lw;Z oyk;kdkj ;kuh

vaxwBh dh rjg fn•k] blls igys o"kZ 1995

esa bl rjg dk xzg.k ns•k x;k FkkA

¾ •xksy oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj] vxyk oy;kdkj lw;Z xzg.k Hkkjr esa 21 ebZ 2031

dks fn•kbZ nsxk] tcfd vxyk iw.kZ lw;Z

xzg.k 20 ekpZ] 2034 dks ns•k tk,xkA

2- xzg.k D;k gS ¾ xzg.k ,d •xksyh; ?kVuk gS] tc ,d •xksyh; fiaM ij nwljs •xksyh; fiaM dh

Nk;k iMrh gS] rc xzg.k gksrk gSA xzg.k 'kCn dk mi;ksx çk;% lw;Z vFkok paæ

xzg.k dk fooj.k djus esa gksrk gSA

¾ ftrus Hkh xzg.k gksrs gSa] muesa ls 70 » lw{e xzg.k rFkk 30» LFkwy xzg.k gksrs

gSaA ekuo dsoy 30» HkkSfrd xzg.kksa dks gh le> ikrk gSA bl çdkj ekuo lw{e

xzg.kksa ls iw.kZr;k vufHkK jgrk gSA

3- lw;Z xzg.k D;k gS\ ¾ HkkSfrd foKku ds vuqlkj tc lw;Z o i`Foh ds chp paæek vk tkrk gS rks

paæek ds ihNs lw;Z dk fcEc dqN le; ds fy, uk dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ

gS] D;ksafd ;s i`Foh lesr lkSj ç.kkyh ds 'ks"k lHkh fgLlksa dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

5- lw;Z xzg.k ds nkSjku lko/kfu;k¡ ¾ lw;Z xzg.k ds nkSjku lksyj jsfM;s'ku ls vk¡•ksa

ds uktqd fV'kw •jkc gks ldrs gSa] ftlls

LFkk;h va/kiu ;k jsfVuk esa tyu gks ldrh gSA

bls ftls lksyj jsfVuksiSFkh (Solar Retinopathy)

dgrs gSaA lw;Z xzg.k dks •kl fiQYVj okys

p'eksa ls ns•us dh lykg nh tkrh gS ftUgs

vkbfDyIl Xyklsl dgk tkrk gSA



iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- vle esa 100 fons'kh vf/dj.k esa ls fdlh ,d }kjk ml

O;fDr dks ?kksf"kr fons'kh ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k tkrk gS

tks viuh ukxfjdrk lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA

2- fons'kh (vf/dj.k) vkns'k] 1964 dks dsUnz ljdkj us

fons'kh vf/dj.k vf/fu;e] 1946 dh /kjk 3 ds rgr tkjh

fd;k FkkA

?kksf"kr fons'kh vkSj fons'kh vfèkdj.k

02

lhek lek;kstu dj01

iz- lhek lek;kstu dj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij

fopkj dhft,&

1- lhek lek;kstu dj ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS] tks canxkgksa

ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;frr oLrqvksa ij

yxk;k tkrk gSA

2- lhek lkek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls dj ds

xarO; fl¼kar ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ij yxk;k

tkrk gSA

mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2

(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% lhek lek;kstu dj ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS] tks

canjxkgksa ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;frr oLrqvksa ij

yxk;k tkrk gSA lhek lek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls

dj ds xarO; fl¼kar ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ij yxk;k tkrk

gSA bl rjg nksuks a dFku lgh gS] blfy, mÙkj (c) gksxkA

oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj

(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7

tqusfFkUFk egksRlo03

iz- tqusfFkUFk egksRlo ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj

dhft,&

1. o"kZ 1990 esa VsDlkl jkT; NqV~Vh ds :i esa tqusFk dks

ekU;rk nsus okyk igyk jkT; FkkA

2. bl o"kZ vizQhdh vesfjdh leqnk; viuh Lora=krk dk 161ok¡

o"kZ euk jgk gSA



(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k% o"kZ 1980 esa VsDlkl jkT; NqV~Vh ds :i esa tqusFk dks

ekU;rk nsus okyk igyk jkT; FkkA bl o"kZ vizQhdh vesfjdh leqnk;

us viuh Lora=krk dk 155ok¡ o"kZ euk jgk gSA bl rjg nksuks a dFku

xyr gSa] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA

3- fons'kh vf/dj.k dk lnL; mls fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS a]

ftldh mez 25 o"kZ gksA

mi;qZDr dFkuks a es a ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mijksDr lHkh

mÙkj% (a)

O;k[;k% vle esa oSls O;fDr dks ?kksf"kr fons'kh ds :i esa

fpfUgr fd;k tkrk gS] ftls 100 fons'kh vf/dj.kks a es a ls fdlh

,d }kjk ml O;fDr dh igpku dh tkrh gS] tks viuh ukxfjdrk

lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA fons'kh vf/dj.k dk lnL; mls

fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS ftldh mez 35 o"kZ gks rFkk ftls de ls de

lkr o"kZ ds vH;kl dk vuqHko gksA bl rjg dFku 3 xyr gS] vr%

mÙkj (a) gksxkA



fons'kh iztkfr;ksa ds vk;kr gsrq fn'kk&funsZ'k

05

iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- fons'kh iztkfr;k¡ i'kq ;k ikS/ksa dh mu iztkfr;ksa dks dgk tkrk

gS] tks vius ewy LFkku dks NksM+dj u;s LFkku ij tkrs gSaA

2- fons'kh iztkfr;ksa dks oU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds varjkZ"Vªh;

O;kikj ij dUosa'ku esa vf/lwfpr yqIrizk; iztkfr;ksa ds :i esa

'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

3- fons'kh vf/lwfpr iztkfr;ksa dks oU;tho (laj{k.k) vf/fu;e

1972 ds rgr 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2

(c) dsoy 2 o 3 (d) buesas ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k% fons'kh iztkfr;ksa dks oU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds

varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij dUosa'ku esa vf/lwfpr yqIrizk; iztkfr;ksa ds :i esa

'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA fons'kh vf/lwfpr iztkfr;ksa dks oU;tho (laj{k.k)

vfèkfu;e 1972 ds rgr 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg dFku 3

xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (b) gksxkA

flfDde frCcr dUosa'ku] 189006

lw;Z xzg.k ,oa mldk egRo07

iz- gky gh esa pfpZr lw;Z xzg.k ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa

ij fopkj dhft,&

1- lw;Z xzg.k eq[;r% rhu izdkj ds gksrs gS aA

2- tc i`Foh vkSj pUnzek ds chp lw;Z vk tkrk gS rks blh

?kVuk dks lw;Z xzg.k dgk tkrk gSA

3- ftrus Hkh xzg.k gksrs gS a] muesa ls 70» lw{e rFkk 30»

LFkwy xzg.k gksrs ga SA

mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\

(a) 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2

(c) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k% 21 twu] 2020 dks Hkkjr ds mÙkjh fgLlks a es a oy;kdkj

lw;Z xzg.k fn[kkbZ fn;k tks [kxksy foKku esa egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA

KkrO; gS fd tc lw;Z o i`Foh ds chp pUnzek vk tkrk gS rks mlh

?kVuk dks lw;Z xzg.k dgk tkrk gSA vr% dFku 2 xyr gSA bl lanHkZ

es a 'ks"k nksuks a dFku lgh gSaA mÙkj (b) gksxkA

iz- flfDde&frCcr dUosa'ku 1890 ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr

dFkuks a ij fopkj dhft,&

1- ukFkqyk {ks=k es a lhek dk fu/kZj.k okVj'ksM fiz afliYl ds

vk/kj ij fd;k x;k gSA

2- o"kZ 1890 ds flfDde&frCcr laf/ ds vuqlkj] ukFkqYkk

{ks=k Hkkjr dk fgLlk gSA



(c) 1 vkSj 2 (d) u rks 1 u gha 2

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% gky gh esa flfDde ds ukFkqyk esa okLrfod fu;a=k.k

js[kk ij phu vkSj Hkkjr ds lSfudks a ds eè; c



ykWdMkmu ds nkSjku vkstksu çnw"k.k esa gqvk Hkkjh btkiQk01

¥ gky gh es lsaVj iQkWj lkbal ,aM ,uok;jesaV

(lh,lbZ) us ns'k ds 22 cM+s 'kgjks a esa

çnw"k.k ds vkadM+ks a dk fo'ys"k.k dj

crk;k gS fd ns'kO;kih ykWdMkmu dh

vof/ esa vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud Lrj ls

vf/d jgk gSA

¥ lh,lbZ us ;s fo'ys"k.k 1 tuojh ls 31

ebZ 2020 rd ds vkadM+ks a ds vk/kj ij

tkjh fd;k gSA ;s vkadM+s dsaæh; çnw"k.k

fu;a=k.k cksMZ ls gkfly fd, x, FksA

vkadM+ks a ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;s ckr lkeus

vkbZ gS fd tc ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k 'kgjksa

esa ikfVZdqysV eSVj 2-5 vkSj ukbVªkstu

MkbZ&vkDlkbM dk Lrj tc dkiQh de

gks x;k Fkk] rc vkstksu çnw"k.k fparktud

Lrj ij igqap x;k] tcfd vkstksu çnw"k.k

rc gqvk djrk gS] tc rst /wi vkSj xehZ

dk ekSle gksA

¥ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 24 ?kaVks a esa ls vxj 8

?kaVks a dk vkSlr ns•sa] rks fnYyh&,ulhvkj

vkSj vgenkckn esa de ls de ,d

vkWCtoZs'ku LVs'ku esa ykWdMkmu vof/ ds

nks frgkbZ oÙkQ esa vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud ls

vf/d jgkA ogha] mÙkj çns'k ds uks,Mk

esa 12 fnuksa rd vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud ls

vf/d jgk vkSj ,d vkWCtoZs'ku LVs'ku

ij 42 fnuksa rd çnw"k.k ekud ls T;knk

ntZ fd;k x;kA blh rjg dksydkrk]

fnYyh vkSj vU; 'kgjksa esa vkstksu çnw"k.k

r;'kqnk ekud ls vf/d jgkA

vkstksu çnw"k.k ds fy, ftEesnkj dkjd

¥ xehZ ds ekSle esa fLFkj jgrh gS tcfd

vU; ekSleksa esa vR;f/d ifjorZu'khy

jgrk gSA dksfoM&19 ds le; esa ekSle

esa vR;f/d cnyko ns[kk x;k gS tSls&rst

gok,¡] :d&:ddj ckfj'k] vpkud c



Nksyqax lqdiQk 03

;qfÙkQ 2-002

¥ gky gh es dsUæh; ekuo lalk/u fodkl

ea=kky; us ;qfÙkQ 2-0 dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k

gSA ;qfÙkQ 2-0 osc iksVZy ;qfDr 1 (igys

laLdj.k) dk ,d rkfdZd foLrkj gSA YUKTI

dk eryc gS Young India combating

COVID with Knowledge, Technology, and

InnovationA mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ls dbZ

csgrjhu lek/kuksa dh igpku ds fy,

YUKTI iksVZy ykWUp fd;k x;kA

;qfÙkQ 2-0

¥ ;qfÙkQ 2-0 iksVZy ubZ fnYyh ds mPp f'k{kk

laLFkkuksa ds fy, gSA bl iksVZy ds ekè;e

ls O;kolkf;d {kerk j[kus okys LVkVZvi

buD;wcsVjksa ls lexz vkSj O;kid rjhds ls

izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vf/xzg.k fd;k tk,xkA

¥ ;g iksVZy ,d ekdZsVIysl LFkkfir djus

esa enn djsxk tgka bu ;qok uoçorZdksa

dks fuos'kdksa ds lkFk tksM+k tk,xkA blds

vykok] mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds uokpkjksa

vkSj çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks vkxs c



¥ ;wukbVsM us'ku ,tqds'kuy lkbafVfiQd ,aM

dYpj vkWxZsukbts'ku (UNESCO) us gky

gh esa viuh Xykscy ,tqds'ku ekWfuVfjax

fjiksVZ 2020 tkjh dh gSA bl fjiksVZ esa

vyx&vyx ns'kksa ds ikB~ÔØe esa efgykvksa

dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA lkFk

gh bl fjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd

dksfoM&19 oSf'od egkekjh ls f'k{k.k {ks=k

dks dkiQh uqdlku igqapsxkA

fjiksZV ds eq[; fcUnq

¥ okf"kZd fjiksVZ ds bl pkSFks laLdj.k ds

eqrkfcd efgykvksa dks fdrkcksa esa de

çfrf"Br is'ks okyk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA bruk gh

ugha bu is'kksa esa dke djus okyh efgykvksa

ds LoHkko dks Hkh vareZq•h vkSj nCcw crk;kA

bl ckr dks le>kus ds fy, ;wusLdks us

mnkgj.k ds fy, crk;k fd fdrkcksa esa ,d

vksj tgka iq#"kksa dks MkWDVj fn•k;k tkrk gS]

rks ogha efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ,d ulZ ds

:i esa n'kkZ;h tkrh gSA

¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k] ^viQxkfuLrku esa]

1990 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr igyh d{kk

ds ikBÔiqLrdksa ls efgyk,a yxHkx unkjn

FkhaA 2001 ds ckn ls mudh mifLFkfr T;knk

fn•us yxh ysfdu nCcw] eka] ns•Hkky djus

okyksa] csfV;ksa vkSj cguksa tSlh ?kjsyw Hkwfedk

esaA mudk vf/drj çfrfuf/Ro muds fy,

dsoy f'k{k.k ds fodYi dks fn•kdj fd;k

x;k*A

¥ blh rjg bZjku bLykeh x.kjkT; dh 90

çfr'kr çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed vfuok;Z

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¥ 26 twu dks gj lky nqfu;kHkj esa varjkZ"Vªh;

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vkxzg djrk gSA

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pykrs gSaA bl nkSjku mUgsa u'khys inkFkks ±

ls gksus okys uqdlku vkSj •rjksa ds ckjs

esa crk;k tkrk gSA

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¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku dh ljdkj

us Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku ds chp ,d la;qÙkQ

m|e iufctyh ifj;kstuk 'kq: djus ds

fy, ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA ;g

le>kSrk mÙkQ ifj;kstuk ds fuekZ.k lfgr

vU; lacaf/r dk;ks± ds 'kq: gksus dk ekxZ

ç'kLr djsxkA

•ksyksaxNq iufctyh ifj;kstuk

¥ ;g ifj;kstuk iwohZ HkwVku ds =kk';kaxRls

ftys esa •ksyksaxpq unh ij fLFkr gksxhA

bl iufctyh ifj;kstuk dh {kerk 600

esxkokV gksxh vkSj ;g 2025 dh nwljh

Nekgh rd iw.kZ gks tk,xhA

¥ dk;kZUo;u vkSj iufctyh ifj;kstuk ds

fodkl ds fy, HkwVku ds Mªd xzhu ikoj

dkjiksjs'ku vkSj Hkkjr ds lryqt ty fo|qr

fuxe fyfeVsM ds chp ,d la;qÙkQ m|e

dk xBu fd;k x;k gS] bl la;qÙkQ m|e

dks •ksyksaxNq gkbMªks ,uthZ fyfeVsM uke

fn;k x;k gSA

¥ bl ifj;kstuk dks •ksyksaXNw gkbMªks ,uthZ

fyfeVsM }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA ;g

lryqt ty fo|qr fuxe fyfeVsM vkWiQ

bafM;k (SJVNL) vkSj HkwVku ds MdZ xzhu

ikoj dkjiksjs'ku vkWiQ HkwVku (DGPC) ds

chp fufeZr ,d la;qÙkQ m|e daiuh gSA

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;g pj.k oSdfYid lek/kuksa dk Hkh irk

yxkrk gSA

¥ fodYiksa ds çHkkoksa vkSj fodkl dk

ewY;kadu% ;g pj.k çLrkfor ifj;kstuk

ds i;kZoj.kh; çHkkoksa dh Hkfo";ok.kh

vkSj igpku djrk gS vkSj fodYiksa ij

Hkh foLrkj ls crkrk gSA

¥ bZvkbZ, fjiksVZ% bl fjiksfVZax pj.k esa] ,d

i;kZoj.k çca/u ;kstuk (bZ,eih) vkSj

ifj;kstuk ds çHkko dk ,d xSj&rduhdh

lkjka'k Hkh vke turk ds fy, rS;kj

fd;k x;k gSA bl fjiksVZ dks i;kZoj.k

çHkko dFku (EIS) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

¥ fu.kZ; ysuk% bl pj.k esa ifj;kstuk dks

fdu 'krks± ds rgr eatwjh nh tkuh gS ;k

ugha vkSj bl ij fu.kZ; fy;k tkuk gSA

¥ fuxjkuh] vuqikyu] çorZu vkSj

i;kZoj.k ys•k ijh{kk% fuxjkuh djuk

fd D;k vuqekfur çHkko vkSj 'keu ç;kl

bZ,eih ds vuqlkj gksrs gSaA

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