diabetes militus
TRANSCRIPT
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DIABETES MELLITUS
GROUP 3:
AFIFAH
EFRIAN GUNADI
MIA PANGESTIKA
MUHAMMAD RIZKY
MULYANAH
NOVIA ARIEZA
SULASTRI
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DEFINITION ...Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that ischaracterized with chronic hyperglycemia caused byabnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action orboth.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which glucose(simple sugar) in the blood is high because the bodycan’t release or use insulin.
http://www.World Health Organisation. Diabetes mellitus : Report of a WHO StudyGroup. World Health Organisation. Geneva-Switzerland. 2006. S5-36.
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Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
3 Type of Diabetes Mellitus
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HISTORY
In 1552 BC
• in Egypt known disease characterized by frequent urination and in large quantities (polyuria)
In 400 BC
• an Indian writer named Sushratha call the disease by “Honey Urine Disease”
In 200 BC
• is exactly Aretaeus who reflected on the disease the name “Diabetes Mellitus"
http://www.healthylifeindonesia.com/sejarah-diabetes/
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PREVALENCE DATA
http://www.tokoherbalonline.com/terapi-diabetes-dengan-noni-juice/
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Top 10 countries for number of people with Diabetes Mellitus in 2013
http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figures
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GLUCOSE
PANCREAS
DAMAGE
LESS INSULIN
BLOOD STREAM
Can not be converted into
energy
ACCUMULATE IN BLOOD
HIGH GLUCOSE LEVEL
DIABETES MELLITUS
CARBOHIDRATE
(from food)
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MECHANISME
OF
DM
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CHEMISTRY REACTION
Carbohydrates converted into glucose(C6H12O6).And
then with help enzyme glucose 6-phosphate
dehydrogenase and insulin ,glucose converted into
glucose 6 phosphate. Because less insulin , so the
glucose can not be converted into energy. And then
glucose will accumulate in the blood. The buildup of
glucose will cause a rise in blood glucose levels.
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SYMPTOMSThe classic symptoms
POLYDIPSIA
POLYFAGIAPOLYURIA
WEIGHT LOSS
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Impotence in men
the healing process
becomes long.
The skin problems.
visual impairment
OTHER SYMPTOMS
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METHOD AND EQUIPMENT
1. Urine test :
a) Benedict test
b) Dipstick test
2. Blood test :
a) Glucose nuchter test
b) Glucose fasting test
c) Glucose 2 hour’s post prandial test
d) Oral glucose tolerant test
e) HbA1C
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URINANALYZER REACTION TUBE
ACCU TEST PHOTOMETER I-Chroma
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LAB RESULT
Normal Impaired fasting glucose
Impaired glucose tolerance
Diabetes mellitus
2 hour post prandial glucose(mg/dL)
< 140 - 140 – 199 > 200
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
<100 > 100< 126 - > 126
Nuchterglucose (mg/dL)
<110 ≥110 -<126
- > 200
HbA1c (%) < 6,0 6,0 – 6,4 - ≥ 6,5
Blood Test http://www.prodia.co.id
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Blue: normalGreen to brass: positif 1Yellow-brown: positif 2Red brick: positif 3
Urine Test
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MANAGEMENT CARE
Patients should be educated to practice self-care.
This allows the patient to assume responsibility and
control of his / her own diabetes management.
Self-care should include:
◦ Healthy lifestyle/ diet or physical activity
◦ Blood glucose monitoring
◦ Body weight monitoring
◦ Foot-care
◦ Personal hygiene
◦ Stopping smoking
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TREATMENT
SULFONYLUREAcan decrease high blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin
secretion from pancreas β cells.
BIGUANIDthis drug works by increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin
produced by the body it self.
ACARBOSEworks by slowing down the digestive of carbohydrates into
glucose.
INSULINinsulin is injected as a drug for body insulin deficiency.
Treatment with insulin based on the condition of each patient and the doctor to choose the type and dosage.
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CONCLUSION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a group ofmetabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar.This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequenturination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.
Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producingenough insulin, or because cells of the body do not respondproperly to the insulin that is produced. There are three maintypes of diabetes mellitus
• DM TYPE 1
• DM TYPE 2
• DM GESTATIONAL
Prevention and treatment often involve a healthy diet,physical exercise, not using tobacco, and being a normalbody weight. Blood pressure control and proper foot care arealso important for people with the disease.
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THANK YOU ...