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DIABETIC MELLITUS

DIABETES

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At the end of the session each participant will be able to:

Know what is diabetic .Understand the normal and abnormal blood sugar

level.Identify the causes of diabetic mellitus.Know how to prevent high blood sugar.Understand the significance of blood sugar

(glucose ) in health promotion and disease prevention.

Discuss the importance of lifestyle changes in the management of blood sugar under control.

Understand the risks of untreated diabetic .

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WHAT IS DIABETIC OR HIGH BLOOD SUGAR?

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Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes.

DIABETES It is a group of

metabolic diseases in which person has high blood sugar , either because the body does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced

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BLOOD SUGAR VALUES

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TYPES OF DIABETES

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Two types mainly Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults.

o In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed.

o The exact cause is unknown. Type 2 diabetes makes up most of

diabetes cases.o It most often occurs in adulthood, but

teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it because of high obesity rates.

o Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it.

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Complications of diabetes

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Diabetic foot

Your feet and skin can develop sores and infections. After a long time, your foot or leg may need to be removed. Infection can also cause pain and itching in other parts of the body.

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Damage: Arteries

diabetes are likely to develop plaque in their arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing risk of clots. This hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) raises the risk of heart attack and stroke.

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Vision problems

You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and light sensitivity. You could become blind.

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kidney damage

High blood sugar and other problems can lead to kidney damage. The kidneys might not work as well, and they may even stop working

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IMPORTANT SINGS OF DIABETES

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OTHER SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

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How can we control our blood sugar?

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Follow the healthy eating plan that controls blood sugar. Eg: habits like drinking tea with out sugar.

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Be active a total of 30 minutes most days. Ask your doctor what activities are best for you. Before you going to start any exercise .

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Take your medicines as directed by doctor . Never skip a dose with out permission .

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Check your blood glucose . Each time you check your blood glucose, write the number in your record book.

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Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, sores, swelling, redness, or sore toenails

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Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Keep both values are in normal range .

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Don't smoke.

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Living With diabetes

• Ddiabetes is often a life-long condition .

• It's important to take your medications and continue to monitor your blood sugar.

• If you keep it under control, you can live longer

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This condition results from lack of enough Insulin production, and requires supplementation by Insulin, hence also called Insulin Dependent Diabetes or IDDM. It generally affects the affected person at a younger age, often below thirty, hence also called Juvenile Diabetes. It is believed to occur due to damage to Insulin producing beta cells of Islet of Langerhans in Pancreas. The cause is not fully understood, but in a large number of cases, it may be due to abnormal immune reaction of the body that is precipitated by certain virus infection. Coxsackie B4 virus has been implicated in many studies. Genetic predisposition of the individual may also make the person vulnerable to the occurrence of Type I Diabetes. It often leads to weight loss in spite of a very healthy appetite. This happens because the glucose absorbed from intestines is neither taken up by cells for use, nor is it converted into fat by the fat cells. Type I Diabetes affects around 10% of all diabetic patients.

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Type – I Diabetes

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This is the far more common variety of Diabetes, affecting nearly 90% of all Diabetics, and is usually diagnosed in the latter part of life, leading to the term Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus (AODM). The primary defect in this condition lies in the inadequate responsiveness of the body cells to Insulin. Every cell has numerous ‘receptors’ with which Insulin present in blood binds to bring about its impact. In Type II Diabetes, these receptors are defective because of which the body does not respond to Insulin, a condition also termed Insulin Resistance. As time goes by, the body attempts to overcome the defect by producing more and more of Insulin and gradually a phase of Insulin depletion sets in, worsening the condition even further. The exact cause of this condition is also not known, but there are many factors that increase the risk of its development. Most important of them is body weight, and hence reducing weight is one of the best ways to prevent or control Diabetes. There is a very strong role of genetic predisposition here too, perhaps even more than Type I variety. The treatment strategy of this type is different from Type I Diabetes, and primarily involves weight reduction, dietary control, exercise and oral hypoglycemic medicines. Only If Diabetes is not controlled with them, then Insulin may need to be given. Hence it is also called Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or NIDDM.

Type – II Diabetes

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