Diabetes

• Two kinds

– Type I: requires insulin injections

– Type II: caused by poor diet (increasing rapidly in teenage population)

Pancreas and Insulin

Insulin Insulin

Eat foodEat food Increases Increases glucoseglucose in the blood in the blood Need Need insulininsulin to grab hold of the to grab hold of the glucoseglucose

to be used as energyto be used as energy

Too much glucose

Over time, the body becomes less efficient and our insulin receptors do not work well

– Type II Diabetes

Because of too much sugar in our diets.

Too much sugar

The glucose stays in the blood because the body cannot produce enough insulin to collect it

Sugar in the blood causes poor circulation that damages kidneys, nerves, eyes & heart

Increase in Type II

• Because of:– Being overweight or obese– Decrease levels of activity– Poor diet

Food choices

All the food we eat turns into glucose, but carbohydrates alter your sugar MORE than any other type of food

Effects of Diabetes

Poor circulation causesproblems in kidneys, eyes, heart and skin

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION

High Blood High Blood

PressurePressure

Measures High Blood Pressure

Sphygmomanometer

Blood Pressure

• Normal- 120/80

– 120 = pressure of blood against the artery walls when the heart beats

-- 80 = pressure between beats

Blood Pressure Values

• Normal. Less than 120/80

• Prehypertension. 120-139/80-89

• Hypertension. 140/90

Increase in High Blood Pressure

HBP= increase risk Heart Disease

Causes of HBPCauses of HBP

Genetics Genetics Obesity Obesity Lack of physical activity Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the dietToo much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (no Too much alcohol consumption (no

more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Stress

Where’s the SALT?Where’s the SALT?

Contain high levels of sodium (salt)Contain high levels of sodium (salt) Lunch meatsLunch meats Soy sauceSoy sauce Canned soups and canned vegetablesCanned soups and canned vegetables Tomato juiceTomato juice PicklesPickles Chinese foodChinese food Potato chips, corn chipsPotato chips, corn chips

Symptoms of HBPSymptoms of HBP

There are NO symptoms or signs of There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension, so you usually don't feel it.hypertension, so you usually don't feel it.

In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have

hypertension don't know it. The only way hypertension don't know it. The only way to know if you have hypertension is to to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure checked.have your blood pressure checked.

Health problems associated with HBP

• Stroke• Heart failure/attack• Sleep apnea/snoring• Kidney failure• Vision problems• Premature death• Erectile dysfunction• baldness

Reducing the risks

• Eat more fruits and veggies

• Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day)

• Exercise at least 30 minutes a day

• Moderate alcohol consumption (no more than 2 drinks a day)

• Maintain healthy weight

Cholesterol

HDL and LDL

HDL= good

LDL= bad

LDL- Bad cholesterol

• Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up

What LDL does What LDL does

► it can slowly build up in the inner walls it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming plaque, a thick, hard brain, forming plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries deposit that can clog those arteries

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. 

HDL- Good cholesterol

• HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol because a high level of it seems to protect against heart attack.

• HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body.

Increasing your HDLsIncreasing your HDLs

Increase the Increase the monounsaturatedmonounsaturated fats in your diet.fats in your diet. – canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in

the fats found in peanut butter the fats found in peanut butter

Add soluble Add soluble fiberfiber to your diet. to your diet.

– oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumesoats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes– at least two servings a day at least two servings a day

What NOT to eat…

• Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the levels of LDL cholesterol.

NO GOOD FOR YOU

• stick margarines contain the most trans fatty acid, tub margarines contain less, and semi-liquid margarines contain the least

Filled with Trans Fatty Acid

• Donuts/cakes/cookies

• Packaged goods

• Commercially fried foods

• Microwave popcorn

What’s a Trans Fatty Acid?

• After research found that saturated fats increased LDLs, manufacturers had to switch to a healthier vegetable oil

• This kind of oil goes rancid (bad) quickly so food companies began to hydrogenate the oil to increase the shelf life of foods

• Hydrogenated oil forms Trans Fatty Acids

Filled with Fatty Acids

• crackers/corn chips/potato chips

Hazards of Obesity

Obesity Hazards

• Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBP

• Appendicitis

• Arthritis

• Hernia

Need to change our Lifestyle

• 2/3 of Americans are overweight

Why are we so FAT?

• Must relay on cars because communities are so spread out (unable to walk places)

– Most new communities do not have sidewalks

Why are we so FAT?Why are we so FAT?

Who is watching out for you? NO ONEWho is watching out for you? NO ONE

Snapple and soda vending machinesSnapple and soda vending machines Both contain HFCS (high fructose corn syrup)Both contain HFCS (high fructose corn syrup)

HFCS

Sugar from cornCheap to produceVery sweetEasy to storeUsed in everything: bread, pasta sauces,

bacon, beer, protein bars…

Too much sugarToo much sugar

Fructose:Fructose: Causes increased cholesterolCauses increased cholesterol Decreases action of WBC (white blood cells)Decreases action of WBC (white blood cells)

Fructose also converted into fatty acids very Fructose also converted into fatty acids very EASILY by the liver…that’s why we are EASILY by the liver…that’s why we are getting FATTER!getting FATTER!

HeredityHeredity

Genes inherited from your parents Genes inherited from your parents – Determine eye color, hair colorDetermine eye color, hair color– And also WEIGHTAnd also WEIGHT

Some people burn calories faster or Some people burn calories faster or slower than others because of genes.slower than others because of genes.

What’s happening

• Americans are eating out more

• Have less activity (cars, computers, remote control, TV, video games)

Processed Foods

• Contain a lot more calories

Who is more at risk?Who is more at risk?

►Women > MenWomen > Men►Mexicans & African Americans > other Mexicans & African Americans > other

racesraces►TEENAGERSTEENAGERS

Teenagers

Poor diets and inactivity in teens resulting in diseases thought to be adult problems:

High Blood Pressure High cholesterol Type II Diabetes

Feeling GoodFeeling Good

No magic cure, no quick fix…No magic cure, no quick fix…

ExerciseExercise

Good dietGood diet

Drink waterDrink water

What’s on your plate?

• Eat breakfast, lunch and dinner

• Watch serving sizes

• Have plenty of color on your plate

Serving sizes

• Peanut butter/cream cheese

Serving sizes

• Piece of fruit

• bagel

Serving sizes

• 1 oz. of cheese- 4 dice

Serving size

• Baked potato

• 3 oz of cooked meat

Serving sizes

• 1 cup of fruit/vegetables-– whatever fits in the palm of your hands