diagnosis and testing...alternate between the isolation and dump valve to maintain a pressure below...

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Your Current Vehicle: 2000 Ford F650

Diagnosis And Testing SECTION 206-09A: Anti-Lock Control — Hydraulic

2000 F-Super Duty 650-750 Workshop Manual

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

Procedure revision date: 01/26/1999

Anti-Lock Control

Refer to Wiring Diagrams Cell 42 , Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) for schematic and connectorinformation.

Special Tool(s)

Digital Analog DMM (Series III)

105–R0051 or equivalent

Feedback

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Flex Probe Kit

418–F090 (105–R025B)

Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS)

418-F224,

New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester

418-F052, or equivalent scan tool

Click to Enlarge Item Description1 Master cylinder2 Pump element3 Isolation valve4 Dump valve5 Low pressure accumulator6 Brake disc

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Principles of Operation

An anti-lock control system is intended to prevent wheel lockup during panic stops and insituations where road conditions (wet or icy) may lessen traction. By preventing lockup, thesystem lessens stopping distance and allows the driver tomaintainsteering control. The anti-lockcontrol system prevents wheel lockup by controlling brake fluid pressure.

The anti-lock control module controls fluid pressure by opening and closing four pairs ofsolenoid operated valves — a dump and isolation valve for each wheel. Under normal braking,fluid from the master cylinder enters the hydrauliccontrolunit (HCU) and exits without pressurecontrol. If a difference in wheel speed, as measured by the wheel speed sensor, signals anapproaching lockup condition, the anti-lock control module will first close off pressure from themaster cylinder to theaffected wheel. The isolation valve is used for this purpose. If this actiondoes not bring the wheel back from the edge of lockup, the anti-lock control module will openthe dump valve, relieving all pressure to the affected wheel. The anti-lockcontrolmodule will thenalternate between the isolation and dump valve to maintain a pressure below lockup.Depending on conditions, the anti-lock control module may pulse the valves up to 18 times persecond.

Fluid released from the system by the dump valves accumulates in the reservoirs — one for thefront chamber of the master cylinder and one for the rear chamber. This fluid is returned to themaster cylinder by the pump. The pump shuts offwhenwheel speeds return to normal.

The anti-lock control module monitors operation of the system and will turn on the ABSindicator light if a fault is detected. The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) Tester is used todisplay diagnostic test codes recorded by the anti-lockcontrolmodule. These DTCs are supportedby pinpoint tests included in this section.

Inspection and Verification

1. Verify the customer's concern by operating the vehicle and applying the brakes underdifferent conditions to duplicate the condition.

2. Inspect to determine if one of the following mechanical or electrical concerns apply:

Visual Inspection Chart Mechanical Electrical

Mechanical ElectricalParking brake cable binding.

Incorrectly inflated tires.

Mismatched wheels or tires onvehicle.

Fuses.

Loose or corrodedconnectors.

Circuitry.

3. If the concern remains after the inspection, connect the WDS Tester to the data link

connector (DLC) located beneath the instrument panel, near the center, and select thevehicle to be tested from the WDS menu. If the WDS does not communicatewiththe vehicle:

check that the program card is correctly installed.

check the connections to the vehicle.

check the ignition switch position.

4. If the WDS still does not communicate with the vehicle, refer to the Wiring Diagramsmanual and carry out the following.

Check circuit 70 for open, ground or short.

Check battery feed and ground circuits at anti-lock control module two wireconnector or the ignition feed on the 24-pin connector.

5. Carry out the DATA LINK DIAGNOSTIC TEST. If WDS responds with:

CKT914, CKT915 or CKT70 = ALL ECUS NO RESP/NOT EQUIP, refer to ModuleCommunications Network.

NO RESP/NOT EQUIP for anti-lock brake control module, go to WDS Tester manual.

SYSTEM PASSED, retrieve and record the continuous diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs),erase the continuous DTCs and carry out self-test diagnostics for the anti-lock brakecontrol module.

NOTENOTE: Multiple DTCs can be stored due to temperature drop.

6. If the DTCs retrieved are related to the concern, go to Anti-Lock Brake Control ModuleDiagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index to continue diagnostics.

7. If no DTCs related to the concern are retrieved, proceed to Symptom Chart to continuediagnostics.

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Diagnostic Test Code (DTC) Index Code Description ActionC1145 Right front wheel speed sensor circuit open Go To Pinpoint Test A.C1234 Right front wheel speed sensor signal missing Go To Pinpoint Test B.C1148 Right front wheel speed sensor signal erratic Go To Pinpoint Test C.C1155 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit open Go To Pinpoint Test A.C1233 Left front wheel speed sensor signal missing Go To Pinpoint Test B.C1158 Left front wheel speed sensor signal erratic Go To Pinpoint Test C.C1165 Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit open Go To Pinpoint Test A.C1235 Right rear wheel speed sensor signal missing Go To Pinpoint Test B.C1168 Right rear wheel speed sensor signal erratic Go To Pinpoint Test C.C1175 Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit open Go To Pinpoint Test A.C1236 Left rear wheel speed sensor signal missing Go To Pinpoint Test B.C1178 Left rear wheel speed sensor signal erratic Go To Pinpoint Test C.C1214 Right front isolation solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1210 Right front dump solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1216 Right front isolation solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1212 Right front dump solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1198 Left front isolation solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1194 Left front dump solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1200 Left front isolation solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1196 Left front dump solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1254 Right rear isolation solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1246 Right rear dump solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1256 Right rear isolation solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1248 Right rear dump solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1250 Left rear isolation solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1242 Left rear dump solenoid circuit open INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1252 Left rear isolation solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1244 Left rear dump solenoid circuit shorted INSTALL a new anti-lock control module .C1185 Open relay circuit INSTALL a new ECU .C1115 Shorted relay circuit INSTALL a new ECU .C1096 Open motor circuit or shorted ECU output INSTALL a new HCU .C1095 Locked (stalled) motor or open ECU output INSTALL a new HCU .C1169 Excessive dump time REFER to Symptom Chart.

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Code Description ActionB1342 ECU memory/circuit errors INSTALL a new ECU.C1184 Excessive isolation time REFER to Symptom Chart.C1446 Brake switch circuit always closed or shorted REFER to Symptom Chart.C1220 ABS indicator lamp circuit failure REFER to Symptom Chart.

If this code is displayed along with one or more codes, the battery feed and ground circuits atthe two-wire connector must be checked before installing a newmodule.

Symptom Chart

Symptom Chart Condition Possible Sources Action

DTC code displayed

System fault.

REFER to DTC index.

Indicator lamp does not come on

Bulb.

Wiring.

Anti-lock controlmodule.

REFER to InstrumentCluster.

ABS misfire, ABS too sensitive,ABS fires on normal stop (DTCsC1169 and C1184)

Rear anti-lockbrake sensorindicator isdamaged.

REMOVE rear sensor.INSPECT rear anti-lockbrake sensor.

Front anti-lockbrake sensorindicator isdamaged.

INSPECT for damagedteeth. INSPECT both frontanti-lock brake sensorindicators.

a


Condition Possible Sources Action

Sensor output isout of sync.

If sensor output is out ofsync, Go To Pinpoint TestA, Go To Pinpoint Test B orGo To Pinpoint Test C.

Intermittentopen or shortedsensor circuit.

GO to Component Tests inthis section.

Chafed wireinsulation orpinched wiredue to incorrectrouting causingintermittentshort.

INSPECT wiring harnessfrom front sensor knuckleto the frame and from therear axle to the frame forworn or chafed wireinsulation.

Parking brakeadjustment tootight.

Brake linings aregrabby.

ELIMINATE base brakesystem as cause ofproblem. REFER to BrakeSystem — GeneralInformation — Hydraulic.

Loose sensor(s).

TIGHTEN sensor bolt tospecifications. REFER toSpecifications in thissection.






Wheels lock up

Damp orcontaminatedrear brakelinings, orstuck/leakingrear disc brakecaliper.

Binding parkingbrake.

Leaking rearaxle seal.


Hard or soft brake pedal

Stuck inlet(isolation) valve(hard brakepedal) or leakyoutlet (dump)valve (soft brakepedal).

Go To Pinpoint Test D.


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Hydraulic leak inbrake line orhose, fitting,master cylinder,or caliper (softbrake pedal).

Air in brakesystem (softbrake pedal).

Little or novacuum boost(hard brakepedal).

Stuck orinoperativecaliper (hardbrake pedal).

Pinched orcrimped brakeline or hose(hard brakepedal).


Lack of deceleration duringmedium/hard brake application

Stuck shut inlet(isolation) valveor leaky outlet(dump) valve(rear axle only).

REFER to ABS misfire inSymptom Chart.



Hydraulic leak inbrake line orhose, fitting,master cylinder,or caliper.

Air in brakesystem.

Little or novacuum boost.

Stuck orinoperativecaliper.

Ineffective brakelinings.


Vehicle pulls during braking

Incorrectlyadjusted rearbrake.

Frozen orbinding caliper(one side ofvehicle).

Uneven brakelining wear.

Pinched orcrimped brakeline or hose.


Soft or excessive pedal travel

ElectronicHydraulicControl Unit(EHCU).

Go To Pinpoint Test D.



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Leaking brakelines betweenthe brakebooster and thebrake calipers.

REPAIR as necessary.

No communication with the anti-lock brake control module

Fuse(s).

Circuitry.

Module.

REFER to Inspection andVerification in this section.

Brake switch circuit always closedor shorted (DTC C1446)

Switch.

CHECK switch continuity.

Wiring.

Connectors.

CHECK circuit 810 (RD/LG).

Transmission retarder or exhaustbrake operating during ABSbraking

Relay.

Wiring.

CHECK continuity betweenABS, ECU and Allisontransmission.

NOTENOTE: After installing a newsystem component (DTCs)cleared, the lamp may remain onuntil the vehicle is driven above13 km/h (8 mph) to restore wheelspeed signal.

ABS indicator is always on (noDTCs)

Wiring.

Anti-lock controlmodule.

Go To Pinpoint Test E.

Pinpoint Tests

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PINPOINT TEST A: DTC C1145, C1155, C1165, C1175 — WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUIT OPEN

CAUTIONCAUTION: Flex Probe Kit must be used for all test connections. Use of standard multimeterprobes may damage wiring terminals.

CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS

A1 CHECK WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUIT RESISTANCE

1.

Anti-Lock ControlModule

2. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor circuit faulted bythe DTC:

Right front (DTC C1145) — Anti-lock control module C414; pin 22,circuit 514 (YE/RD) and pin 10, circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1155) — Anti-lock control module C414; pin 23,circuit 521 (TN/OG) and pin 11, circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1165) — Anti-lock control module C414; pin 20,circuit 523 (RD/PK) and pin 8, circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1175) — Anti-lock control module C414; pin 21,circuit 518 (LG/RD) and pin 9, circuit 519 (LG/BK).

Is the resistance 2430 to 3030 ohms?

→ YesGO to A2.

→ NoGO to A3.

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A2 CHECK DTCs

1. Clear all DTCs.

2. Road test the vehicle.

3. Check DTCs.

Does C1145, C1155, C1165 or C1175 set as an active DTC?

→ YesGO to Component Test, Sensor Failure, in this section.

→ NoFault is intermittent. INSPECT all wiring connections and wiring.

A3 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR RESISTANCE

1.

Wheel Speed Sensor

2. Measure the resistance across the faulted wheel speed sensorterminals.


→ YesGO to A4.

→ NoINSTALL a new sensor. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TEST the vehicle andCHECK for active DTCs.

A4 CHECK ANTI-LOCK CONTROL MODULE SENSOR CIRCUITS FOR AN OPEN



1. Install a jumper across the faulty wheel speed sensor connectorterminals.

2. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor circuit faulted bythe DTC:

Right front (DTC C1145) — ECU C414; pin 22, circuit 514 (YE/RD) andpin 10, circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1155) — ECU C414; pin 23, circuit 521 (TN/OG) andpin 11, circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1165) — ECU C414; pin 20, circuit 523 (RD/PK) andpin 8, circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1175) — ECU C414; pin 21, circuit 518 (LG/RD) andpin 9, circuit 519 (LG/BK).

Is the resistance less than 5 ohms?

→ YesGO to Component Tests in this section.

→ NoGO to A5.

A5 CHECK SENSOR FEED CIRCUIT FOR AN OPEN

1.

1. Measure the resistance between the faulted wheel speed connectorand one of the following:

Right front (DTC C1145) — ECU C414; pin 22, circuit 514 (YE/RD).

Left front (DTC C1155) — ECU C414; pin 23, circuit 521 (TN/OG).

Right rear (DTC C1165) — ECU C414; pin 20, circuit 523 (RD/PK).

Left rear (DTC C1175) — ECU C414; pin 21, circuit 518 (LG/RD).




→ YesGO to A6.

→ NoREPAIR the open in the sensor feed circuit. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TESTthe vehicle and CHECK for active DTCs.

A6 CHECK SENSOR RETURN CIRCUIT FOR OPEN

1.

1. Measure the resistance between the faulted wheel speed connectorand one of the following:

Right front (DTC C1145) — ECU C414; pin 10, circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1155) — ECU C414; pin 11, circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1165) — ECU C414; pin 8, circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1175) — ECU C414; pin 9, circuit 519 (LG/BK).



→ NoREPAIR the open in the return circuit. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TEST thevehicle and CHECK for active DTCs.

PINPOINT TEST B: DTC C1234, C1233, C1235, C1236 — WHEEL SPEED SENSOR SIGNALMISSING


B1 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR RESISTANCE



1.

Wheel SpeedSensor

2. Measure the resistance across the faulted wheel speed sensor terminals.

DTC C1234 = right front

DTC C1233 = left front

DTC C1235 = right rear

DTC C1236 = left rear


→ YesGO to B2.

→ NoINSTALL a new sensor. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TEST the vehicle and CHECK foractive DTCs.

B2 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FUNCTION

1. Raise the corner of the vehicle with the faulted wheel speed sensor until thetire clears the floor.





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2. Make sure the sensor is correctly seated. Using the special tool, press thesensor in until it contacts the pulse ring. Sensor will be correctly positioned whenwheel is spun in Step 4.

3. Connect a voltmeter across the sensor terminals.

4. Spin the wheel and read the voltmeter.

Is the voltage 500 mV or more?

→ YesGO to B3.


B3 CHECK FOR SHORTED WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS

1. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor circuit faulted by the DTC:

Right front (DTC C1234) — ECU C414; pin 22, circuit 514 (YE/RD) and pin 10,circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1233) — ECU C414; pin 23, circuit 521 (TN/OG) and pin 11,circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1235) — ECU C414; pin 20, circuit 523 (RD/PK) and pin 8,circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1236) — ECU C414; pin 21, circuit 518 (LG/RD) and pin 9,circuit 519 (LG/BK).


→ YesREPAIR the short between wheel speed sensor harness side circuits.

→ NoGO to B4.




B4 CHECK SENSOR RETURN CIRCUIT FOR SHORT TO GROUND

1. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor return circuit faulted by theDTC and ground:

Right front (DTC C1234) — ECU C414; pin 10, circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1233) — ECU C414; pin 11, circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1235) — ECU C414; pin 8, circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1236) — ECU C414; pin 9, circuit 519 (LG/BK).


→ YesREPAIR the short to ground. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TEST the vehicle and CHECKfor active DTCs.

→ NoGO to B5.

B5 CHECK SENSOR FEED CIRCUIT FOR SHORT TO GROUND

1. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor feed circuit faulted by theDTC and ground:

Right front (DTC C1234) — ECU C414; pin 22, circuit 514 (YE/RD).

Left front (DTC C1233) — ECU C414; pin 23, circuit 521 (TN/OG).

Right rear (DTC C1235) — ECU C414; pin 20, circuit 523 (RD/PK).

Left rear (DTC C1236) — ECU C414; pin 21, circuit 518 (LG/RD).


→ YesREPAIR the short to ground. CLEAR all DTCs, ROAD TEST the vehicle and CHECKfor active DTCs.

→ NoGO to Component Test, Sensor Failure, in this section.


PINPOINT TEST C: DTC C1148, C1158, C1168, C1178 — WHEEL SPEED SENSOR SIGNALERRATIC


C1 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUIT RESISTANCE

1.

ElectronicControl Unit

2. Measure the resistance of the wheel speed sensor circuit faulted by theDTC:

Right front (DTC C1148) — ECU C414; pin 22, circuit 514 (YE/RD) and pin10, circuit 516 (YE/BK).

Left front (DTC C1158) — ECU C414; pin 23, circuit 521 (TN/OG) and pin11, circuit 522 (TN/BK).

Right rear (DTC C1168) — ECU C414; pin 20, circuit 523 (RD/PK) and pin8, circuit 524 (PK/BK).

Left rear (DTC C1178) — ECU C414; pin 21, circuit 518 (LG/RD) and pin 9,circuit 519 (LG/BK).


→ YesGO to C2.

→ NoGO to C3.

C2 CHECK DTCs

1. Clear all DTCs.

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2. Road test the vehicle.

3. Check DTCs.

Does C1148, C1158, C1168, or C1178 set as an active DTC?


→ NoFault is intermittent. INSPECT all wiring connections and wiring.

C3 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR RESISTANCE

1.

Wheel SpeedSensor

2. Measure the resistance across the faulted wheel speed sensor terminals.








PINPOINT TEST D: SOFT OR EXCESSIVE PEDAL TRAVEL


D1 CHECK BASE BRAKE COMPONENTS

1.

1. Visually inspect the calipers and brake components.

Are any of these components damaged?

→ YesREPAIR or INSTALL new components as necessary. TEST the system for normaloperation.

→ NoGO to D2.

D2 CHECK FOR LEAKING DUMP VALVE

1.

2.

2. Remove the rubber boots from the two HCU low pressure accumulators (LPA).

3. Insert a clean steel implement, such as a paper clip or small screwdriver, intoeach LPA.

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4. NOTE: A leaking dump valve is similar to the master cylinder bypass condition.It is important that the pedal be quickly and forcefully applied to rule out mastercylinder bypass as a cause. Typically, master cylinder bypass occurs only at lowpedalpressure rates.

Have an assistant press hard on the brake pedal while observing the steelimplements.

Do any of the implements move significantly?

→ YesINSTALL a new HCU. REFER to Hydraulic Control Unit.

→ NoREMOVE the steel implements. INSTALL the rubber boots on each LPA. GO to theSymptom Chart in Brake System — General Information — Hydraulic or BrakeSystem — General Information — Air.

PINPOINT TEST E: ABS INDICATOR ALWAYS ON


E1 CHECK CIRCUIT 603 (DG) FOR AN OPEN

1.

2.

Anti-Lock BrakeControl ModuleC414





3.

InstrumentCluster C213

4.

4. Measure the resistance between pin 1, circuit 603 (DG) anti-lock brakecontrol module connector C414 (harness side) and pin 11, circuit 603 (DG)instrument cluster connector C213.


→ YesGO to E2.

→ NoREPAIR the open in circuit 603 (DG). TEST the system for normal operation.

E2 CHECK CIRCUIT 603 (DG)

1.

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2.


3. Remove pin 1 from the anti-lock brake control module connector C414.

4.


5. Connect a fused jumper wire between pin 1, circuit 603 (DG) and ground.

6.

Does the ABS warning indicator self-check, then turn off?

→ YesINSTALL a new anti-lock brake control module. REFER to Module.

→ NoINSTALL a new instrument cluster. REFER to Instrument Panel and Console.



Component Test — Intermittent Failures

Power/Ground to Anti-Lock Brake Control Module

If the fuse had failed:

Check the weather packing of the power connector to the anti-lock control module.

Remove power distribution junction box fuse 119/120 (60A).

Measure the resistance between the outside pin of fuse 119/120 (60A) and ground.

Spray with water and wiggle the wiring between the power junction box and the anti-lockbrake control module.

If any continuity is measured, repair or install new wiring.

Check for opens in wiring:

Disconnect the two-wire connector at the anti-lock control module.

While measuring the voltage between anti-lock control module, circuit 532 (OG/YE), andground, wiggle the wiring harness at the sensor.

If the voltage momentary drops below 10 volts while the harness is wiggled, repair orinstall new wiring.

While measuring the resistance between circuit 57 (BK), and ground, wiggle the wiringharness.

If the resistance momentarily goes above 5 ohms, while the harness is wiggled, repair orinstall new wiring.

Sensor Failure

1. Disconnect the suspect anti-lock brake sensor.

2. Check the harness for short across the harness.

1. NOTENOTE: Use Digital Analog DMM (Series III) with the minimum resistance hold featureenabled for this test.

Monitor the resistance at the ABS 24 pin connector.

Sensor CircuitsLeft front sensor 521 (TN/OG) and 522 (TN/BK)Right front sensor 514 (YE/RD) and 516 (YE/BK)

Sensor CircuitsLeft rear sensor 518 (LG/RD) and 519 (LG/BK)Right rear sensor 524 (PK/BK) and 523 (RD/PK)

2. Do wiggle testing on suspected sensor circuits.

3. If there is continuity between circuits, repair the circuit for a short across the harness.

3. Check harness for open circuit.

1. NOTENOTE: Connect jumper securely to the suspect sensor connector.

Connect a jumper between the two pins on the suspect sensor connector.

2. NOTENOTE: Use Digital Analog DMM (Series III) with the maximum resistance hold featureenabled for this test.

Monitor the resistance at the ABS 24 pin connector.

Sensor CircuitsLeft front sensor 521 (TN/OG) and 522 (TN/BK)Right front sensor 514 (YE/RD) and 516 (YE/BK)Left rear sensor 518 (LG/RD) and 519 (LG/BK)Right rear sensor 524 (PK/BK) and 523 (RD/PK)

3. Do wiggle testing on the harness.

4. If there is an open circuit detected between pins, repair the open circuit.

4. Check suspect sensor electrical connector.

1. NOTENOTE: Use Digital Analog DMM (Series III) with the maximum resistance hold featureenabled for this test.

Monitor the resistance between suspect anti-lock brake sensor terminals whilewiggling the electrical connector.

2. If the resistance is not within specifications (2430–3030 ohms), install a new anti-lockbrake sensor.

3. NOTE

NOTE: Use Digital Analog DMM (Series III) with the minimum resistance hold featureenabled for this test.

Monitor the resistance between an anti-lock brake sensor terminal and ground on thehighest resistance scale of the meter while wiggling the electrical connector.

4. If the meter shows anything but open circuit, install a new anti-lock brake sensor.

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