diagnosis of pregnancy dr.f mehrabian md
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Diagnosis of Pregnancy Dr.F Mehrabian MD. Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy. Morning sickness Fatigue, nausea and vomiting (the 6 th week ↑ → the 12 th week ↓ ). Hyperemesis gravidarum protracted vomiting necessitating hospitalization. Causes: HCG, delayed gastric emptying(P ↑ ). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Diagnosis of
Pregnancy
Dr.F Mehrabian MD
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
2. Morning sickness
1) Fatigue, nausea and vomiting (the 6th week↑ → the 12th week↓ ).
2) Hyperemesis gravidarum protracted vomiting necessitating hospitalization.
3) Causes: HCG, delayed gastric emptying(P↑ )
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
3. Urinary symptoms
1) Bladder irritability, frequency and nocturia
2) Causes: increased circulation in pelvis (E and P↑), enlargement of the uterus.
3) Note: urinary infection must be ruled out
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
4. Mastodynia
1) the development of mammary ducts (E↑) and alveolar system (P↑)
2) circulation↑→ engorgement of the breasts
5. Constipation
smooth muscle relaxant (P↑)
6. Weight gain
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
• Signs1. The changes of genital organs1) Vagina: bluish or purple discoloration (congested
pelvic vasculature). Increased vaginal discharge (E and P↑)
2) Cevix: softening and bluish discoloration. The cervical mucus→ a granular pattern
3) Uterocervical junctionHegar’s sign: a widened zone of softness coupled with
compressibility, resulting in a doughnut-shaped, slightly spongy configuration.
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Hegar’s sign
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
4) Abdominal enlargement Enlargement of uterus (noticed at the 12th
week)2. Breast changes1) Enlargement and vascular engorgement (6th –
8th week)2) Montgomery’s tubercles (6th –8th week, E and
P↑3) Colostrum secretion (16th week) or secondary
breasts
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
• Laboratory tests
1. Pregnancy test
1) Urine HCG test (one step): + or –
2) β-HCG: >25mIU/L
2. Ultrasonography
1) Enlargement of uterus
2) Gestational sac
3) Embryo or fetal pulse
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Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
3. Other tests
1) Progesterone test
2) Cervical mucus examination
3) Basal body temperature (BBT)
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Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
• Symptoms and signs
1. EDC: +9 or –3 (month), +7 (day)
2. Enlargement of uterus
1) 12th week: 2 finger above the symphysis
2) 16th week: midway between the symphysis and the umbilicus.
3) 20th – 22nd week: at the umbilicus
4) …….
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Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
3. Fetal movement (FM)
1) The first perception: in the 18th – 20th weeks
2) Diagnosis of pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, the safety of fetus
3) Count: 3 times per day, 1 hour per time. sum×4= FM/12 hours. Normal:≥ 30/12 hours
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Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
4. Fetal heart tones
1) Heared: the 18th – 20th weeks
2) Normal rate: 120-160bpm
3) Differentiation: umbilical souffle
5. Fetal body
Palpated: outlines of the fetus (the 20th week).
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Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
• Laboratory tests1. Ultrasonography1) The number of fetus2) Fetal lie3) Fetal presentation4) Fetal position5) Fetal dead or not 6) Placenta and cord (velocity of flow)7) Size of fetus
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Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
2. Fetal electrocardiography, FECG
12th week
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