diagnosis of the situation of women remaining outside the labour market in podlaskie province
TRANSCRIPT
„Diagnosis of the situation of women remaining outside the
labour market in Podlaskie province”
Research Period:June-July 2012 r.
Performer of the study:General Projekt Ltd.
Survey on request of:Regional Labour Office in Białymstok
IntroductionThe study, "Diagnosis of the situation of women remaining outside the
labour market in the province of Podlaskie " was conductedon request of the Regional Labour Office in Białystok
by General Projekt Ltd. based in Olsztyn within the framework of the project "Podlaskie Social Policy Observatory"
co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund, Human Capital Operational Programme 2007-2013,
Action 7.2 Preventing exclusion and strengthening the social economy sector,
Subaction 7.2.1 Professional and social mobilization of people at risk of social exclusion
→ diagnosis of the situation of women remaining outside the labour market in the Podlaskie province
Objective of the study
gaining a deeper diagnosis of the demographic and socio-economic situation of women remaining outside the labour market in the Podlaskie province,
identifying factors that accelerate and facilitate the return of women to the labour market, identification of barriers to labour force participation of women outside the labour market, identifying the educational needs, training and other forms of improving skills among women
outside the labour market in the Podlaskie province, evaluating the use of flexible forms of employment to restore women to the labour market, identifying employers for whom the use of flexible forms of employment in relation to the
employment of women would be particularly beneficial, identifying employers for whom the use of flexible forms of employment in relation to the
employment of women would be particularly beneficial,
Detailed objective of the study :
Women remaining outside the labour market
→ women of working age (up to 60 years of age) who did not have employment at the time of the survey.
→ the study population consisted of women both registered as unemployed at the employment office and economically inactive, i.e. those not seeking work or looking for it unsystematically and / or on their own.
Definition
Research Methodology study was conducted with the use of techniques:
→ SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS,
→ PAPER AND PENCIL INTERVIEWS: 662 women outside the labour market,
→ COMPUTER ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWS: 398 employers running businesses in the region of Podlasie,
→ INDYWIDUAL IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS (IDI): representatives of 11 institutions / organizations / associations
related to the problems of women remaining outside the labour market.
Working population in Podlaskie province over the period 2006-2011 [in thousands]
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011170
190
210
230
250
270
290
231
249
272 271266 270
190
205
225 225 222 222
men women
Source: own study based on CSO data, the Local Data Bank - Labour Market - Labour Force Survey (average annual data), 2006-2011
Number of unemployed people in Podlaskie province
in years 2006-2011 [in thousands]
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201115
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
28
24
18
21
32
27
26
20
16 17
23 23
men women
Source: own study based on CSO data, the Local Data Bank - Labour Market - Labour Force Survey (average annual data), 2006-2011
Number of economically inactive people in Podlaskie province
in years 2006-2011 [in thousands]
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
160 162173
172
182171
245255
268
266 266 260
men woman
Source: own study based on CSO data, the Local Data Bank - Labour Market - Labour Force Survey (average annual data), 2006-2011
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201130
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
55.157.2
58.7 58.455.4 57.7
41.3 42.744.3 44.3 43.4 43.9
men woman
The employment rate for men and women in Podlaskie province
by gender in the years 2006-2011 [%]
Source: own study based on CSO data, the Local Data Bank - Labour Market - Labour Force Survey (average annual data), 2006-2011
The unemployment rate for men and women in Podlaskie province
by gender in the years 2006-2011 [%]
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20116.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
10.9
8.9
6.2
7.2
10.7
9.1
11.9
9.0
6.77.0
9.3 9.3
men woman
The results of a quantitative study among women remaining
outside the labour market
Charakterystic of the studied population of women
primary, lower secondaryhigher vocational degree
university degreebasic vocationalpost-secondary
vocationalsecondary school
0 5 10 15 20 25
3.2
9.8
9.815.7
17.120.4
24.0
Education of the respondents [%]
55 years and more
to 24 years
45 - 54 years
35 - 44 years
25 - 34 years
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
5.1
12.6
16.0
29.2
37.1
Age of the respondents [%]
average M = 36dominant D = 30
Charakteristic of the studied population of women – cont.
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
55.1 44.9
Place of residence of the respondents [%]
CityVillage
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
11.2 88.8
Status of the respondents in the labour market [%]
Unemployed womenEconomically inactive women
Charakteristic of the studied population of women – cont.
single person
single-parent family - single mother with a child
full family
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
4.8
5.7
89.4
Status of the respondents in the labour market [%]
One person
6 people and more
Two persons
3 - 5 people
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1.7
11.3
11.9
75.1
Number of members of the respondent's household [%]
Average M = 4 personsDominant D = 4 persons
Charakteristic of the studied population of women – cont.
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
35.5 64.5
Having a child up to 6 years of age [%]
YesNo
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
83.0 17.0
Individual parental care of a child up to 6 years of age [%]
YesNo
4 children or more
I do not have dependent children
One child
2-3 children
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
3.0
24.2
25.8
47.0
Number of children who are dependents of the respondents [%]
Sources of income in respondents' household [%]
Other
material assistance from the social welfare centre
alimony / child maintenance fund
family benefits, family allowances, social grants, housing supplement
pension, disability pension, social and family pension
earnings from employment or business run by a family member
0 25 50 75 100
29.8
11.3
11.9
15.4
30.1
84.9
The average monthly income (net) per person in the respondent's household [%]
To 199 PLN
200-399 PLN
400-599 PLN
600-799 PLN
800-999 PLN
1000-1499 PLN
1500-1999 PLN
2000 PLN and more
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0.2
13.5
29.6
24.2
11.7
13.8
4.4
2.6Average M= 721,85 pln
The economic situation inrespondents' families
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
20.8 42.7 32.6 3.8
Sufficiency of income to meet respondents' households needs [%]
definitely notrather notprobably yesdefinitely yes
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
9.1 39.8 29.2 18.5 3.3
Assessment of the economic situation of families in the opinion of the respondents [%]
very bad bad
average good
very good
Professional experience of studied women
from 26 to 30 years
over 30 years
from 21 to 25 years
to one year
from 11 to 15 years
from 16 to 20 years
from 6 to 10 years
from one year to 5 years
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
2.9
3.5
4.36.3
11.2
13.3
22.0
36.5
The current work experience of the respondents [%]
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
74.0 26.0Yes No
Previous paid employment taken up by respondents
Professional experience of studied women – cont.
position on the board or in management of the company (e.g., manager, director, owner)
assistant position (e.g., assistant, secretary)
independent position (e.g., specialist, technician, accountant, etc.)
Serial employee
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
3.9
15.7
20.0
60.3
Position at work in the former professional career of the respondents [%]
Facilities for women whoare mothers, which were available in
workplaces, in which respondents were employed [%]
room for breastfeeding women in the workplace
program of medical care for mothers and children in the workplace
flexible forms of employment for "young" mothers
other (summer camp for children from the workplace, Christmas gifts for children)
cash allowances for baby layette
Family picnics, children parties
breaks to feed the baby
priority when planning leaves and holidays
parental leave
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3.5
4.2
6.7
8.1
12.7
15.2
18.4
26.9
95.4
The reasons for loss of employment [%]
I was fired because of the gender
I was fired because of manager's personal prejudice
I was released due to insufficient / unsuitable qualifications
I was fired because of dissatisfaction with the results of my work
I was dismissed on grounds of my age
was dismissed after returning from maternity / parental leave
I made the decision to leave the job
I was fired for reasons beyond the control of the employer
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
2.0
5.1
6.3
6.7
8.8
13.1
30.2
42.7
Duration of the unemployment / economical inactivity [%]
from 21 to 25 years
from 16 to 20 years
over 25 years
from 11 to 15 years
from 6 to 10 years
to one year
from 1 to 5 years
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.4
2.4
12.7
24.5
59.4
Performing paid odd jobs
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
12.7 87.3
Performing paid odd job currently [%]
yesno
Frequently performed odd jobs :
• housekeeping / cleaning,• home-based work/ handicrafts,• babysitting / childcare,• Seasonal work with crops / horticulture,• older people care,• eyelash extensions, doing fingernails,• production of fake jewellery,• tailoring services.
Main reasons for remainingoutside the labour market for women
included in the study
family lifestyle
early retirement (early pension)
disability, disability pension
long, fruitless job search
difficult situation on the labour market
good financial situation of the family
the need for child care / dependent person
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
12.8
4.2
5.3
39.7
58.6
9.7
24.2
Factors constituting major impediment in careers of the respondents [%]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
26.6
26.7
28.7
32.8
34.6
38.4
43.7
48.9Fierce competition
A small number of job offers
Low / inadequate education
Having a baby
Low wages
Living in rural areas
The negative attitude of employers
Uneven division of esponsibilities
Factors constituting major impediment in careers of the respondents [%] - cont.
0 5 10 15 20 25
4.2
7.4
7.4
11.0
15.3
20.5
20.7
21.0
21.3Far commuting
Low level of attractiveness of job offers
Little access to kindergartens / nursery
Unavailability
Young age
Poor health
The presence of flexible forms of employment
Older age
Being married
Opinions of the respondents regarding the perception of the role of women as mothers and
their employee features in comparison to the work of men.
Assertions that respondents agree with.
0 1 2 3 4
2.51
2.72
2.78
3.03A woman at work is more organized than a man.
Family life and career can be reconciled
Pregnant women often discredits her as a good employee, even despite having high
qualifications and extensive working exper-ience
Men's availability is greater than women's
Opinions of the respondents regarding the perception of the role of women as mothers and
their employee features in comparison to the work of men.
Assertions that respondents disagree with.
0 1 2 3
1.86
2.09
2.01
2.42Women after returning from maternity / par-ental leave need longer time to return to pro-
fessional duties
A good mother never leaves a small child un-der the care of strangers
A woman is more involved in the implementa-tion of tasks than men
A woman who devotes herself to career in-stead of children and family is worthless
Factors that help women return to the labour market [%]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
16.0
18.0
18.6
30.4
31.9
39.6Participation in training that improves / sup-plements qualifications
Greater involvement of the husband / partner in the household chores / childcare
Flexible forms of employment
Facilities for mothers of young children
Reimbursement of travel costs to the work-place
Grants to start running business
Factors that help women return to the labour market [%] - Cont.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
2.3
3.6
8.5
10.6
14.2Refunding the cost of education
Sending to vocational practice
Subsidized employment
Other (health improvement, better access and better alignment of job offers)
None / not going back to work
Reasons for not taking employment by the respondents [%]
other (such as the need for child care, poor health, desire for further education)
I don't feel the need for professional development
good financial situation of the family - I don't have to work
my partner / spouse is against it
I like taking care of home / children
I like having a lot of free time
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
19
12.8
16.1
22.9
31.2
34.9
Reasons for taking employment by the respondents [%]
I want to feel as a fulfilled person
I want to change something in my life for the better, finding a job is treated as a first step
I want to become independent
I want to grow professionally
I am fed up with sitting at home
I do not want to be a burden for a working husband / partner and other family members
I want to be able to earn money to support the family financially
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
15
16.8
16.8
23.5
23.5
30.5
68.1
Current search for job [%]
Total
Unemployed
Economically inactive
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
76.5
97.1
67.5
23.5
2.9
32.5
Yes, I am looking for a job No, I'm not looking for a job
Job search methods [%]
through private employment agencies
I put ads in the newspaper / internet personally
personally meet with employers
through the labour office
through family, friends
through newspaper advertisements
through Internet Job offers
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1.2
2.3
27.7
31.2
57.2
59.5
61.8
The frequency of job search [%]
daily
once every few months
once a month
two or three times a week
weekly
two or three times a month
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
9.2
11.6
11.6
19.1
20.8
27.7
Abilities of the respondents in terms of the job search and preparation for an interview [%]
analyse job offers alternative to own professional profile
properly prepare application documents (CV, cover letter)
prepare for the interview by gathering information about potential employers and prepare self-presentation
gather information about employers / companies that you would be interested in, in order to apply there
search job offers and choose accordingly to your education and skills
analyse own skills, interests and abilities in order to increase employment opportunities
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
47.9
48.0
50.3
50.9
72.4
73.0
52.1
52,0
49.7
49.1
27.6
27,0
Yes No
Assessment of one's professional qualifications and language skills
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
2.7 47.1 29.3 16.3 4.5
Assessment of one's professional qualifications [%]very bad bad
average good
very good
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
8.9 34.0 27.3 19.0 10.7
The assessment of language skills [%]very bad bad
average good
very good
Willingness to continue education to increase employment opportunities [%]
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
26.1 42.4 31.4
Yes No Don't know, Haven't thought about it
Declarations of women concerning further education [%]
other (development / specialist courses, driving license)
secondary school
postgraduate studies
post-secondary college
language courses
higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
2.8
7.5
20.8
22
23.7
56.1
Most frequently indicated field / course where women may be willing to continue their education:
- Education, - English, - Management and marketing, - German, - Cosmetology , - Hairdressing,
- Administration
Willingness to participate in vocational training to improve or supplement
professional qualifications [%]
Most popular subject areas of trainings indicated by women in the study:
- Accounting, - health and beauty, - Computer course - tourism, - Make up / styling - Hairdresser / Stylist, - Trade.
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
7.9 41.2 12.7 6 32.2
definitely not
Rather not
Probably yes
Definitely yes
I don't know, I haven't thought about it
Flexible forms of employment
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
38.7 38.2 23.1
Willingness to accept employment under flexible forms of employment [%]
NoI don't know, I haven't thought about ityes
temporary work
Variable work time
home-based work
teleworking
term employment
part-time work
Civil law contract
0% 1000% 2000% 3000% 4000% 5000%
7,8
14,4
22,235,9
38,6
42,5
43,1
Women's preferences for taking up employment in various forms of flexible work [%]
Assessment of flexible forms of employment as help measures in restoring women to
the labour market
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
35.3 34.6 26.13.3
0,7
Probably yes
Rather not
I don't know, I haven't thought about it
Definitely yes
definitely not
The most important benefits resulting from employment under flexible forms of work [%]
fuller life development, higher life satisfaction
the possibility of combining work at several employers
professional activation - easier entry onto the labour market
achieving a balance between personal and professional life
freedom to choose the type and location of work
the possibility of reconciling work with parental / home responsibilities
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
19,0
20,3
30,7
30,7
45,1
66,0
Forms of support provided to women remaining outside the labour market
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
25.5 74.5
Using the forms of support provided to women remaining outside the labour force [%]
Yes No
non-governmental organizations (founda-tions)
center of social policy
establishment of specialized counselling
crisis intervention center
family support center
social welfare center
labour office
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1.2
4.1
5.314.8
20.7
32
65.7
The institutions, which helped women remaining outside the labour market [%]
Forms of support from which women benefited [%]
job placement
training in running your own business
funding to start a business
professional practice / vocational training
therapy
local initiatives for employment of women
subsidized employment
developing an individual action plan
occupational training
psychological and legal counselling
training in job searching skills
job counselling for women
material assistance
financial assistance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1.2
2.4
3.05.9
6.5
11.2
11.8
12.4
14.2
17.2
22.5
27.2
33.1
67.5
Evaluation of the obtained support
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
1.2 22.5 51.5 20.7 4.1
Evaluation of the obtained support in terms of adjustment to the needs and ex-pectations of women [%]
very bad bad
average good
very good
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
43.2 34.9 19.5 1.8
Evaluation of the obtained support in terms its tangible effects [%]
very bad
bad
average
good
very good
The results of a quantitative survey conducted among
employers in Podlasie
Characteristics of the studied employers population
sejneński
suwalsk
i
moniecki
kolneński
siemiatyck
i
grajewski
łomżyński
hajnowski
zambro
wski
bielski
sokólsk
i
wysokomazo
wiecki
augustowski
Łomża
Suwalki
białostock
i
Białystok
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
5 7 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 16 16 17 1827 29
47
135Headquarters of employers, by county [N]
Characteristics of the studied employers population - cont.
O J N R I T L P K A S Q H M C F G0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5 7 8 8 9 9 10 12 14 1620
2430 30
34
49
113
Employers line of business according to section PKD 2007 [N]
Characteristics of the studied employers population - cont.
more than 250 employees (large company)
50-249 employees (medium-sized enterprise)
10-49 employees (small business)
0-9 employees (micro)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
1
3
15
379
Enterprises by employment size [N]
Employers' Preferences
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
77.9 22.1
Candidate’s gender doesn’t matter
Candidate’s gender mat-ters
Referring to the gender of job candidates during the recruitment process [%]
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
15.8 16.8 67.3
women
men
I pay no attention to the gender
Preferences of employers for hiring candidates of particular gender [%]
Preferences of employers for hiring candidates of particular gender according to
line of business [%]
sekcja I
sekcja S
sekcja K
sekcja N
sekcja T
sekcja G
sekcja Q
sekcja C
sekcja J
sekcja M
sekcja H
sekcja A
sekcja F
sekcja O
sekcja P
sekcja L
sekcja R
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
44,430,0 28,6 25,0 22,2 22,1 16,7 14,7 14,3 13,3
6,7 6,3 6,1
11,2
20,07,1 12,5
11,1 15,0
8,3 17,6
3,330,0
18,8
38,8
10 12,5
44,4 50,064,3 62,5 66,7 62,8
75,067,6
85,7 83,4
63,375,0
55,1
100 10090 87,5
Women Men I pay no attention to the gender
Employers' opinions on the relationship between the gender of workers and the possession of certain characteristics [%]
Assertiveness
Roughness
Orderliness
Organization
Engagement
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
59.8
56
54.3
50.3
60.8
25.4
33.4
41.7
44.7
34.7
14.8
10.6
4
5
4.5
Gender doesn’t differentiate this feature/factor WomenMan
Employers' opinions on the relationship between the gender of workers and the possession of certain characteristics [%]
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
74,9
71,4
23,9
8,5
1,3
20,1Promoted faster
Receive less pay for equal work
Resistance to stress
They are more ambitious in achieving
The objectives creativity
44.2
59.8
63.6
24.1
33.9
28.4
31.7
6.3
8
Gender doesn’t differentiate this feature/factor WomenMen
Employers' opinions on the relationship between the gender of workers and the possession of certain characteristics [%]
Availability
More likely to go on sick leave
More likely to benefit from flexible working
Mobility
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
52
62.1
63.3
66.3
18.1
30.7
28.9
11.8
29.9
7.3
7.8
21.9
Gender doesn’t differentiate this feature/factor WomenMen
Reasons for objections against employing women [%]
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
16,7
16,7
33,3
33,3
33,3
33,3
41,7
41,7
50,0Women are less flexible than men when it comes to
changes in their duties
Women after returning from maternity leave need a longer time to return to professional duties
Women are characterized by a demanding attitude, they enforce their rights
Other (nature of work - work typically male)
Women cannot cope with stress
Women abuse sick leave
Women are indisposed
Women possess worse education / skills than men
Women are less efficient / effective than men
Evaluation of qualification of women and men at the same positions [%]
Serial employees
Independent position (e.g. specialist, technician, accountant, etc.)
The assistant position (e.g., assistant, secretary
The position on the board or management of the company (e.g., manager, director)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
9.3
23.6
37
21.6
7.2
6.4
2
5.6
83.5
70.1
61
72.8
Women have higher qualifications Men have higher qualifications
Gender doesn’t differentiate qualifications
Evaluation of effectiveness of women and men at the same positions [%]
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
70.6 2.5 14.6 1.8 10.5
Gender doesn’t affect work efficiencyWomen’s efficiency is rather lower than that of menWomen’s efficiency is rather higher than that of menWomen’s efficiency is far lower than that of menWomen’s efficiency is far higher than that of men
Facilities for mothers present in the companies[%]
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
98,5
94,0
84,4
84,4
79,6
67,6
59,8
54,5
50,0
23,4
1,5
6,0
15,6
15,6
20,4
32,4
40,2
45,5
50,0
76.6%Parental leave
Breaks for feeding the baby
Flexible forms of employment for "young" mothers
(flexible hours, weekend work, work at home)
Priority when planning vacations for women with chil-dren
We do not have any such facilities for mothers with children
Family picnics, children parties
Cash allowance for baby layette
Medical care program for mothers and children in the workplace
Room for breastfeeding women in the workplace
other
Facilities for women vs. the company's operations
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
21,4
50,0
The way in which the offered facilities hinder the operation of the company [%]
Disorganization of the company
The need for employing another employee
Increasing the responsibilities of other people
need for substitutions
Require additional action on the part of management
Return after parental leave requires long time to return towork duties
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
94.8 5.2 no, don’t hinderyes, they do hinder
Declarations of employers as to whether the offered facilities hinder the operation of the com-pany [%]
The use of flexible forms of employment in relation to women
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
97,7
95,4
75,3
55,7
33,9
31,0
21,8
2,3
4,6
24,7
44,3
66,1
69,0
78,2
Flexible forms of employment used in the surveyed companies [%]
nie tak
Term Employment
Part-time employment
Civil law employment
Variable working hours
Temporary job
Telework
home-based work
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
43.7 56.3yes, we use themno, we don’t use them
The use of flexible forms of employment in the surveyed companies [%]
The benefits arising from the use of flexible forms of employment [%]
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
87,9
75,3
71,8
70,1
68,4
58,0
54,6
37,9
37,9
33,9
12,1
24,7
28,2
29,9
31,6
42,0
45,4
62,1
62,1
66,1Better plan of staff use
Increase in employee's motivation and commitment through the use of flexible forms of employment
Keeping valuable employees in the company
Collaboration with highly qualified specialists in various fields (from across the country and / or abroad)
Ease of dismissal, without the obligation to indicate the reason for termination
Reducing the costs associated with the search, selection, recruit-ment and training of new employees
Extending working hours without incurring overtime costs
Reducing the burden of managing the personnel and payroll, and therefore fewer employees on a contract of employment
Reducing labor costs associated with the public-legal burden of wages
There were no benefits
No Yes
The results of the qualitative researchamong institutions, organizations,
associations related in their activities to the problems of women remaining
outside the labor market
Reasons for difficulties and needs of women remaining outside the labor market
1. The reasons for the difficult situation of women in the labor market: - lack of motivation among women to change their social and professional situation- low self-esteem,- negative mental attitude to change, lack of confidence, fear of challenges,- lack of qualifications that would ensure good position in the labor market,- reluctance to retrain,- "Addiction to welfare"- lack of activity and the desire to change their work situation,- problem of child care, barriers connected with access to state nurseries and kindergartens.
2. The needs of women remaining outside the labor market:
- assistance in finding employment and seeking vocational training, help in developing resumes and cover letters, as well as in starting their own business and guidance in this area,
- Specialist support: psychologist, guidance counselor, animator of free time- financial and material support (usually in the form of food, school supplies and clothing).
Ideas for supporting the women remaining outside the labor market: creating a system providing various types of assistance meetings / consultations with the "Women of Success" (economically active)
The image of women remaining outside the labor market- A comparative analysis
Family situation of the studied women
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Number of people in the household
usually four people, sometimes three people
usually four people, sometimes three people
Number of children mostly two children mostly two children
Looking after a child up to 6 years
women with children under 6 years of age usually look after them themselves
women with children under 6 years of age usually look after them themselves
Distribution of household chores
mostly household chores are done by a woman, housemates help occasionally
mostly household chores are done by a woman, housemates help occasionally
The financial situation of the studied women
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
source of income in the household
earnings from work or running own business
earnings from work or running own business
Average income the average monthly income per person (net) in the household is 543.99 PLN
the average monthly income per person (net) in the household is 755.88 PLN
Sufficiency of income mostly "rather not" mostly "rather not"
Assessment of the total financial situation mostly "bad" mostly "bad"
Assessment of the financial situation after losing the job
Most often "rather deteriorated", less often "definitely deteriorated" Most often "rather deteriorated"
Using the means of support by the studied women
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Using the support provided to women who remain outside the labor market
one in two women benefited from this kind of support
one in five women benefited from this kind of support
Forms of support used
Most often training in job searching skills, financial assistance, counseling for women, vocational training
Most often financial assistance
Career of the studied women
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Taking up paid work anytime before. Usually yes Usually yes
Seniority on average 9 years on average 10 years
- types of employment contracts
most often employment contract for an indefinite time, slightly less often mandatory contract
most often contract and fixed-term employment contract
Position Serial employee Serial employee
Size of the company: most small business, employing 10-49 workers
most small business, employing 10-49 workers
Reason for job loss mostly not dependent on the employer
mostly not dependent on the employer, less often based on own decision to leave the job
Duration of unemployment on average approximately 2.5 years on average approximately 3.5 years
Taking up odd jobs usually not usually not
Nature of odd jobs cleaning, house help, childcare / babysitting
cleaning, house help , home-based work, handicraft
Professional activity of the studied women
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
NO EMPLOYMENT
The reasons for remaining unemployed
most often difficult situation on the labor market, long and fruitless job search
most often difficult situation on the labor market, long and fruitless job search
DIFFICULTIES IN PROFFESIONAL LIFE
Barriers impeding finding employment
usually a lot of competition among job seekers, less often having a child / children
usually a lot of competition among job seekers, less often small number of job offers in the local / regional market
Help in finding work
Expected support to find a job
most often participating in trainings improving / supplementing qualifications, less often flexible forms of employment
most often participating in trainings improving / supplementing qualifications, less often greater involvement of husband / partner in domestic chores / childcare
Preferred strategies to help change the occupational situation active passive
Professional activity of the studied women - cont.
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
WILLINGNESS TO TAKE UP A JOB The desire to take up employment at the moment yes No
Reasons for willingness to take up employment at the moment
the desire to make money to financially support the family, less often desire for professional development
the desire to make money to financially support the family, less often financial independence from a husband / partner and other family members
The reasons for the lack of desire to take up employment
getting satisfaction from looking after the house and children
the desire to have a lot of free time for themselves, less often getting satisfaction from looking after the house and children
EXPECTATIONS FROM WORK
Number of hours usually 8 hours, less often 7h mostly 8h
Line of business most often trade and services Most often public administration
Contract
most often contract of employment for a definite time, followed by an indefinite time contract and mandatory agreement
most often contract employment for a definite time, followed by an indefinite time contract and the contract of employment for a probationary period
Position mostly cashier / salesperson mostly cashier / salesperson, less often no specific plans
Studied women's search for employment
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Methods usually through the labour office most often by family, friends
The frequency of job search usually two or three times a month
usually two or three times a month
Possessed skills in the field of job search
Most often searching job ads and choosing according to own education and skills
usually analysing own skills, interests and the ability to increase employability
Assessment of own ability to seek employment mostly "rather low" mostly "rather low"
Education and training needs of women remaining outside the labor market
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
The assessment of possessed professional qualifications mostly poor mostly poor
The assessment of language skills usually at a moderate level often at a low level
Willingness to continue education Mostly yes mostly not
Level of education mostl higher education mostl higher education
Major / field of education mostly foreign languages mostly education, less often foreign languages
Willingness to participate in vocational training mostly "rather yes" mostly "rather not"
The subject of vocational training mostly accounting, less often IT science / computer course
mostly accounting / bookkeeping, less often health and beauty
Flexible forms of employment
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Willingness to work in this form usually "yes" usually "no" or "I don't know"
Preferences regarding various types of employment
most often civil law agreement, less often part-time employment
and term jobs
mostly telework
Key benefits for such employment
most often ability to combine work with parental responsibilities / home
most often ability to combine work with parental responsibilities / home
Targeted support for women remaining outside the labor market
UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN
Using any form of support usually every second respondent usually every fifth respondent
Used forms of support mostly training in job searching skills mostly financial assistance
Evaluation of obtained support in terms of needs and expectations mostly at a medium level mostly at a medium level
Evaluation of obtained support in terms of measurable effects. usually at a medium level often at a low level
Assessment of the adequacy of the obtained support in terms of needs of women remaining outside the labor market
often "don't know, haven't thought about it"
often "don't know, haven't thought about it"
The main conclusions of the study
The main problems faced by women remaining outside the labor market in Podlaskie province are:
relatively small number of jobs in total, high levels of economic inactivity among women women's low flexibility to adapt to the conditions of the labor market, due to the obligations
arising from the traditional social role of women, employers are not adjusted to flexible employment for women limited institutional support, low self-esteem of women remaining outside the labor market.
The increase in women's proffesional activity is conditioned by many factors, which can be classified as follows:
external factors independent from women remaining outside the labor market : the local labor market conditions, the attitude of employers towards the employment of women, the availability of job offers, flexible forms of employment, conditions of commuting,
internal factors on which women remaining outside the labor market have an influence : family considerations, the division of household duties, education of children and the factors associated with self-esteem and professional aspirations.
Recommendations resulting from the study
I. The improvement of the situation on the regional labor market in terms of the supply of workplaces
II. Focusing on the active help for women remaining outside the labor market for a long time
III. Breaking stereotypes regarding public perception of the role of women
IV. Promotion of flexible employment for women among employers
V. Extension of institutional aid
VI. Raising self-esteem and self-awareness by means of career
Thank you!Department of Market ResearchGeneral Projekt Ltd.