dickson k.w. chiu phd, smieee original by: freek bijl

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COMP7790 Web 2.0 & 3.0

Dickson K.W. ChiuPhD, SMIEEE

Original by: Freek Bijl

Overview

It takes 10 years for Web 2.0 to reshape the Web Might be the same for Web 3.0

Web 3.0 still not mature Both are evolving technology

frameworks

Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP7790 Web-2

Where are we now?


www.digitalrhetoric.org/course/web1to3.jpg


Web 1.0 - info-centric

When the web was in its early days, we didn’t know exactly what to show on a computer screen

A company card? A button? A shop?

Web 1.0 was all about our search for online viability

Characterized by info-centric separate static websites one-way broadcasting.

Widely used between 1998 and 2001, and it is still used beside Web 2.0 in almost all web sites.

Web 2.0 - people-centric

When we got a grip on the technical part, the real possibilities of the web became more clear.

We discovered the power of networks. Web 2.0 has no single definition but can be

explained through a series of Internet trends, one being the empowerment of the user.

However, to meet the requirements of the general public, it should be people-centric

Web treated as a platform


The power of links


The power of collaboration


The power of content and reach


The power of friends


Key Web 2.0 Features Rich Internet Application (RIA)

graphical point of view or usability point of view e.g., AJAX and Flash

Social Networking - Anyone can participate in the content creation

User-generated content, collaboration, & community Content isn’t fixed publication—it changes daily

Service orientation & Mashups (see next slide) More companies enter the emerging SaaS


Web 2.0 Mashups

Development and utilization of Web services Most sites you visit have web services running in the

background These services allow you to integrate data between

sites through API’s such as you see on Flickr and Amazon

A web application combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool.

Example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to restaurant data (Openrice.com), thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source


Web 2.0 Example Sites

Social networking sites: Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, … etc.

Tagging or Labeling Content: Del.icio.us. Wikis: Wikipedia. Community-generated content: eBay. Open Services: Google. P2P: Bit Torrent. New Web technologies: XML, RSS, Ajax. Open Source Software: Sourceforge


Academia & Business Coined 2.0s


hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tree.jpg

Web 2.0 Company Characteristics

Harnessing the collective intelligence and taking advantage of network effects

Google: the link structure of the web Amazon: our reviews of their products Ebay: our willingness to engage in

commerce Flikr and de.li.cious: our ability to

classify artifacts Wikipedia: our desire to exchange

knowledge


Web 2.0 – Inevitable Trough of disillusionment


hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tough.jpg

Web 2.0 vs 3.0

Web 2.0 is all about the power of networks

Basically, web 2.0 is a social change. The technical part of the web hasn’t changed very much.

But, web 3.0 will be driven by technological changes

Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of information.


Web 3.0

Web 3.0 – By Spalding 2007 highly specialized information silos, moderated by

personality, validated by community and inclusion of meta data through widgets

The evolutionary stage of Web 2.0 Lack of standards and unified framework

Share some attributes with Web 2.0 Transformation Ubiquitous computing Openness Intelligence


Pillars of Web 3.0

Tagging Adding meta data to index and describe resource Web 3.0 allows not only text search, but also images,

audio and video Sub-search engine pull feeds automatically for you High level of personalized vocabularies and structure

Microformats Define semantic vocabularies by user Variety of options: RDF, XML, XFN Bridge the gap between understandings by human

and machine


Web 3.0 evolution paths

Different meanings are intended to describe the evolution of Web usage

Emphasize a machine-facilitated understanding of information on the Web.

Interaction between the many possible evolutionary paths: Semantic Web (main starting point) Video Web Web 3D Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web Expansion of SaaS


Web 3.0 - Semantic Web

Refer to our earlier lectures


Web 3.0 – Video Web


Spatial Media Fragments Video Content

Reed Hasting, the founder and CEO of Netflix, described Web 3.0 as being the full-video Web that will be made possible by the increasing growth in bandwidth available to customers that will allow transmission of full movies over the Web.

Web 3.0 – 3D Web

Thousands of users worldwide linger in 3D-worlds like Second Life or 3D-Games such as Entropiauniverse and

Active worlds. Philip Rosedale, founder of Second Life,

believes that one day 1500 million people will have a second existence.

The adding of the third dimension will shift the internet into a hyper-realistic parallel world .

http://www.internet3d.org


Web 3.0 – Ubiquitous / Pervasive Web

“Our Vision of Web 3.0 is to link data and devices in new ways to achieve new insights, greater efficiencies, economic benefits and improved quality of life”

Steve Bratt.

“The Web 3.0 will see applications that are pieced together, fast, customizable, run on any device, and most importantly, disseminate virally–through social networks”

Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google


Web 3.0 – SaaS and Clouds 10 years coming – client-server to SaaS User contributed code /omni-functions Multi-tenant Internet super applications Super apps utilized by enterprises

Building massively scalable data centers that are secure, reliable, and highly available is very complex and expensive.

Traditional client-server software development is still a painful and complex process

Deployment of applications is still difficult and the cost of maintenance is expensive


Advantage of Cloud Computing

• No need to purchase application servers and a small army to fine tune and maintain them

• Software developers won’t have to build a security and sharing model. The cloud provides these items

• Ease of deployment, and depth of functionality

• More time given to functionality and meeting client needs


Web History and Future


Stamp Example - Background

Suppose, I am a stamp collector... Over the years I’ve collected a lot of

stamps. About every stamp, I made a document That’s a lot of documents


Stamp Example - Search

How can I find a specific stamp? Google? This is the web we have today: a huge

collection of documents The words of all those documents are

indexed. We can search for keywords.


Stamp Example – Google Search

Now, suppose I Google for all red stamps

Not very intelligent…


Red stampsStamps from Cambodia (Khmer Rouge)Stamps from the Red SeaStamps from the 140th anniversary of the Red CrossStamps with red dragons

Stamp Example – Structural Meaning

Not very intelligent, but how can a computer know what I mean?

When we structurally describe that a stamp is a stamp and red is a color.

Describing data in a structured way can best be done in a database.

Different databases can be connected.


Stamp Example – All about a Stamp


This is a stampThis is a stamp

This stamp is from the United KingdomThis stamp is from the United Kingdom

This stamp is designed by John Bryan DunmoreThis stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore

In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 centIn 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent

Now it’s worth 3 eurosNow it’s worth 3 euros

This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981

The picture on the stamp is a PO BoxThe picture on the stamp is a PO Box

Stamp Example – Databases Integration

A database with stamps A database with countries A database with colours A database with stamp traders


Stamp Example – Web 3.0 as Databases Integration

One view of Web 3.0 is the web being a big collection of databases which can be connected on demand.

Agreements are made on the structure of data and the way data is described. Where the data is located is irrelevant.

Linking data is the power of web 3.0. So, “I want all the red stamps, designed in

Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990” is a question that will get a better answer with web 3.0


A broader view of Web 3.0

The previous view of Web 3.0 is a ‘narrow’ one. Like Web 2.0, Web 3.0 stands for a range of developments. E.g.:

A fast broadband connection to the Internet, always and everywhere.

Open source techniques and free data (Data as a Service)

Open identities Software as a Service (e.g., Google docs)


Why do we want to add meaning to data ?

When a computer understands what data means, it can do intelligent search, reasoning and combining.

This makes our life easier.


Some Technologies of Web 3.0

RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH



XML

Meaning is about understanding. To understand we need a language. A language starts with words. Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with XML.

XML - Example


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<collection name=”My stamp collection"> <stamp> <title>Red dragon</title> <country>China</country> <year>1984</year> </stamp> <stamp> <title>PO Box</title> <country>England</country> <year>1992</year> </stamp></collection>

Dickson Chiu 2011 Semantic Web-39

RDF and RDF Schema Resource Description Framework (RDF) We can’t understand words alone RDF is a data model for objects and relations between

them RDF Schema is a vocabulary description

language In addition, online grammar is required Describes classes and properties of RDF resources Provides semantics for generalization hierarchies of

properties and classes With RDF Schema we can define concepts and

make simple relations between them.

RDF Example


Predicate

This stamp is from England

subjectobject

hence from Europe.

RDF Schema Example


fromStamp Country

Continent

in

Ontology Dickson Chiu - update 2011 Metadata - 42

OWL But, RDF schema is limited. A language needs more expression and logic to

make good reasoning possible. relations between classes

e.g., disjointness cardinality

e.g. “exactly one” richer typing of properties

That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was invented.

characteristics of properties (e.g., symmetry) BOTH OWL and RDF are standards of

www.w3.org

SWRL

Finally, to reason you need rules. Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic

Web Rule Language)


SWRL Example I got this stamp

from my uncle. The rule for

calling someone my uncle is that one of my parents has a brother.


mother or fatherIson of brother

<ruleml:imp> <ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/> <ruleml:_body> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother"> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_body> <ruleml:_head> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_head> </ruleml:imp>


SPARQL Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp. “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe,

but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990”

We can use SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language).

URI Because the web is decentralized and data is in

many places, not only language is important. Exchange of data between different machines is

key. To make a connection a machine needs a source.

For this, we use resource identifiers. Best known resource identifier is the URI

which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url)


XRI & XDI

URIs have international limitations and the need for data-exchange between machines is rapidly growing.

There is a successor: XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier)

There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data.

This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange).


OAuth API

However, data is often protected. We need consent and a key to gain

access. The key to certain data is described in

an API (an application programming interface).

An open standard for accessing (authentication) the API is OAuth.


Web 3.0 Expectations

A clever and on-demand friend who is able to lead, advice, negotiate and support the user honestly.

Could be embedded in the smart devices, enabling the user to use his home, car or mobile remotely, safely and correctly.

Affect our daily life and blur our real life with a virtual web site applications and services as Ubiquitous Web.


Example Web 3.0

Freebase• http://www.freebase.com

Amazon (“If you liked this, you will like this!”• http://www.amazon.com

Netvibes (pull your Web 2.0 apps together!)• http://www.netvibes.com


Possible Impact on E-business

Shift from traditional information broadcast medium to service channels

Satisfy needs of customers: Autonomy Independence Relatedness Feedback Entertainment

Examples: IBM, BMW create virtual communities for customers


Summary

Web 3.0 shifts the Web from informational medium into service oriented, community based, intelligent medium

Semantics help integrate anything (people, computers, and systems), anywhere, anytime

Web 3.0 takes years to be fully-fledged Forces E-business to restructure their business

process Web 3.0 applications help to retain customers

and gain competitive advantages


dickson k.w. chiu phd, smieee original by: freek bijl

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