dictionary skills resource pack lecturer slides
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
1/35
What this seminar will cover
1
Important factors to bear in mind when choosing a bilingual dictionary
How to use the dictionary navigation tools to get to the right answerquickly and efficiently
Abbreviations and symbols used in the dictionary
How the dictionary can help you with:
How the dictionary can help you with verbs:
Avoiding mistakes
Extra features
irregular plurals
gender case
tense, subject and object
transitive and intransitive verbs reflexive, impersonal, separable & phrasal verbs verb lists & verb complementation
Oxford University Press 2005
compound words
the position of adjectives idioms
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
2/35
What any good dictionary should offer
2
Range of vocabulary
Up-to-date vocabulary
Ease of use
Clarity of design
Clear entry structure
Large number of examples
Pointers towards the right translation
Help with forming sentences in German
Model letters, verb lists, and other helpful material And only with the Oxford-Duden German Dictionary a free
pronunciation CD-ROM that lets you type in any German word,phrase, or sentence and hear it spoken back so you can practisespeaking German for presentations or exams
Oxford University Press 2005
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
3/35
What your dictionary can help you with
3
Shes been waiting since
three oclock for the train to London.
Sie wartet seit fnfzehn Uhr auf den Zug nach London.
Oxford University Press 2005
finding wait forquickly at wait?
translation of sinceand the correcttense in German?
zu/nach?warning that for=
auf+ accusativein this context?
warning that the 24
hour clock is muchmore likely in German?
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
4/35
Navigating the dictionary
4
German-English section first, then English-German
blue-edged section in the middle separates the two sides
printed thumb tabs on the outside margin of every page show
which letter appears on that page
running heads at the top of the page show the first and last
words on that page
NB: All this applies to the Oxford-Duden German Dictionary.
Other dictionaries may have different conventions.
Oxford University Press 2005
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
5/35
5
Navigating a German-English entry
Oxford University Press 2005 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
nouns listed with genderswung dashrepresentsfirst element
dots andunderlines
indicate stressposition and
length of vowel
plural of nouns
older spellingsmarked with
asterisk
irregular verbs marked
genitive of nouns
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
6/35
Navigating an English-German entry (I)
6 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
phonetic symbolsusing the IPA
noun translationswith gender
signposts to meaning in parentheses
headword, in bold
same spelling,different meaning
grammaticalcategories
indicatedby letters
senses indicatedby numbers
swung dash
representsheadword
guidance onregister and usage
freely interchangeable translations
are separated by a semi-colon
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
7/35
Bier brauen
to brew beer
Navigating an English-German entry (II)
7 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
der Tee zieht
Oxford University Press 2005
brew: transitiveverb, intransitiveverb, or noun?
narrow the
meaning byusing context
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
8/35
Common Grammatical Categories
8 Oxford University Press 2005
Adj. adjective describes a noun sad, traurig
Adv. adverb tells you how sth is done quickly,schnell
Art., art. article definite article = the
indefinite article = a
the, der, die, das
a, ein, eine, ein
Hilfsv. auxiliary verb used with main verb to showtense
I havemade
ich habe gemacht
Konj. conjunction links two phrases or two words and, und
Demonstrativpron. determiner defines which noun the, those, das, diese
n. noun thing, person or idea life,Leben
2. Part. past participle forms perfect tense with auxverb
I have travelled
ich bingereist
Prp. preposition used with noun to show position near, nahe
Pron., pron. pronoun stands instead of a noun he, er
Possessivpron. possessivepronoun
word used to show who sthbelongs to
my, mein
refl. reflexive verb verb requiring a reflexivepronoun
to wash oneself,sichwaschen
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
9/35
Grammatical Categories Exercise
9 Oxford University Press 2005
blau
gern
der
bin
aber
dieses
gestohlen
bei
ihr
sich denken
Art.
Adj.
Possessivpron.
unr. refl. V.
Prp.
Adv.
2. Part.
Demonstrativpron.
Hilfsverb
Konj.
Match these words with the correct part of speech
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
10/35
Swung Dash (or Tilde) ~ and Hyphen -
10 Oxford University Press 2005
The swung dash stands for the whole headword so the ending is added:
Frau, diewoman~enwomen
Koch-: ~schinken derboiled ham
In compounds the swung dash replaces the first word in the compound:
Subject Field Labels
(Zool.) = Zoological (Jgerspr.) = Jgersprache(i.e. to do with hunting)
Check the list of subject field labels in the abbreviationslist inside the front cover of the dictionary to see whetherit covers areas you are interested in
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
11/35
Regional Usage
11 Oxford University Press 2005
(Brit.) = British usage (sterr.) = Austrian usage
(Amer.) = American usage (schweiz.) = Swiss usage
(sdd.) =southern German (nordd.) =northern German
(schwb.) = Swabian, e.g. Stuttgart (hess) = Hessen, e.g. Frankfurt-am-Main
(DDR) = term used in former GDR
derb(crude, coarse)dichter. =dichterisch (poetical)fam. =familir(informal)fig.= figurativ(figurative)geh. =gehoben(elevated, refined)Kinderspr. = Kindersprache (used by smallchildren)Papierdt. = Papierdeutsch (stilted)
Grtelderbelt; den ~ enger schnallen (fig. ugs.)tighten ones belt(fig.)
salopp (slang)scherzh. =scherzhaft(humorous)sptt. =spttisch(derogatory)ugs. =umgangssprachlich(colloquial)veralt. =veraltet(old-fashioned)volkst. = volkstmlich (vernacular term)vulg. =vulgr (vulgar)
Register
figurative = metaphoricalrather than literal, e.g.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
12/35
Sentence patterns
12 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
jmd. (jemand Nominative) somebody
jmdn. (jemanden Accusative) somebody
jmdm. (jemandem Dative) somebody
jmds. (jemands Genitive) somebodyssb. somebody
etw. (etwas) something
sth. something
ask sb.s name nach jmds. Namen fragen
example sentences are given within entries to show whereprepositions are needed:
abbreviations are used to illustrate the order of elements in a sentence:
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
13/35
Phonetics
13 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
= short vowel _= long vowel
/ = stress on 1st syllable
| = separable verb
dot shows that the word
erweise does not form partof betrblicherweise
stress pattern given, sostress on ge- of gehen
no stress pattern given, so stresson hin- of hinter as usual
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
14/35
Irregular Plurals
14 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
Torverhltnis
Torverhltnisseplural form same
as plural adjective
lice
lice =Luse
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
15/35
Gender
15 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
1 4
2 5
3
6
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
16/35
Case
16 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative? Read the examples:
jmdn.=jemanden use the Accusativejmdm. = jemandem use the Dative
dich shows the accusative is used here
I fell in love with my Julia =
Ich verliebte mich in meine Julia
I help my friends =Ich helfe meinen Freunden
ihm shows the dative is needed here
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
17/35
The position of adjectives
Compound Words
17 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
Hinterziehung
hintereinanderHintergrund
hinterher
Hinterlegung
HinternHinterziehung
attr. = precedes a noun prd. = follows a verb
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
18/35
Finding Idioms
Idioms
18 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
An idiom is a saying or expression whose meaning has evolvedso that it is now different from the original literal meaning of the
key words within it.
be out of the wood = ber den Berg sein
Ich muss zugeben,dass mein Brudermir manchmal auf
den Keks geht.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
19/35
Types of verbs:
Transitive and Intransitive
Reflexive
Separable
English phrasal verbs
Verb tables
Verb complementation
Other help with verbs:
Verb Basics
19 Oxford University Press 2005
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
20/35
Tense= present, future, past, conditional, imperfect etc.
Subject= the noun or pronoun that causes the action indicated bythe verb
Gertrude loves Eric = Gertrude liebt Eric The dog ate the meat = der Hundhat das Fleisch gefressen
Object= the word or group of words which is affected by the
action indicated by the verb
Gertrude loves Eric = Gertrude liebtEric
The dog ate the meat = der Hund hatdas Fleisch gefressen
Quick refresher on grammatical verb terms (I)
20 Oxford University Press 2005
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
21/35
Quick refresher on grammatical verb terms (II)
21 Oxford University Press 2005
Direct object= the noun or pronoun directly affected by the verb
-Gertrude liebt Eric = Gertrude lovesEric-Gertrude liebt ihn = Gertrude loves him
-der Hund hat das Fleisch gefressen = The dog ate the meat
-der Hund hat es gefressen = The dog ate it
Indirect object= the noun or pronoun indirectly affected by the verb.In English, indirect objects are usually preceded by a preposition(from, to, at, etc.)
-Gertrude gabihrem Bruder das Buch=
Gertrude gave the bookto her brother
-Gertrude gabihm das Buch = Gertrude gave the bookto him
-Eric lchelt Gertrude an =Eric smiles atGertrude
-Eric lchelt sie an =Eric smiles at her
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
22/35
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (I)
22 Oxford University Press 2005
Transitive verb = tr. V. (transitives Verb) = verb used with direct object
I wrote the letter = ich habe den Briefgeschrieben Gertrude loves Eric and Wilhelmina= Gertrude liebtEric und
Wilhelmina
she lovesthem =sie liebtsie
Intransitive verb = itr. V.(intransitives Verb) = verb that doesnt havean object
he died yesterday = er ist gestern gestorben she ran very fast =sie ist sehr schnell gelaufen
Eric and Wilhelmina arrived yesterday =Eric und Wilhelmina sindgestern angekommen
Transitive verbs do something to the object that follows them. Intransitive verbs stand on their own without an object following them.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
23/35
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (II)
23 Oxford University Press 2005
The same verb can be used both transitively and intransitively:
burn
burn coal in the stove = den Ofen mit Kohle feuern (transitive use)
her skin burns easily =sie bekommt leicht einen Sonnenbrand
(intransitive use)
fahren
links/rechts fahren = drive on the left/right(intransitive use)
jmdn. ber den Fluss fahren =ferry sb. across the river(transitive use)
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
24/35
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Exercise
24 Oxford University Press 2005 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
transitive(v.t.) and
intransitive(v.i.)
auseinander
treiben:Die
Polizei trieb
die Menge
auseinander.
sich
zerstreute:
Die Menge
zerstreute sich.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
25/35
Reflexive Verbs (I)
25 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005
English-German: v. refl. = reflexive verb
German-English: refl. V. = reflexives Verb
German reflexive verbs can be identified by the pronoun sich in frontof the infinitive.
1st pers. sing. ich mich Ich freue mich auf...Im looking forward to...
2nd pers. sing. du dich Beeile dich!Hurry up!
3rd pers. sing. er / sie / es sich Sie setzte sich. She sat down.
1st pers. pl. wir uns Wann treffen wir uns?When shall we meet?
2nd pers. pl. ihr euch Beeilt euch!Hurry up!
3rd pers. pl. sie / Sie sich Sie legen sich hin.Theyre having a rest.
Versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage.Put yourself in my position.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
26/35
Reflexive Verbs (II)
26 Oxford University Press 2005
Remember: just because a verb is reflexive in the source language, it doesnt
mean its reflexive in the target language. None of the examples in the table
on the previous slide were translated by a reflexive verb in English.
You may have to adapt the given translation, changing sich to mich, dich etc.
Many verbs can be used both reflexively andnot reflexively:
- I really enjoyed myself. (enjoy is used here as a reflexive verb)
- I really enjoyed that party. (here, enjoy is not a reflexive verb in English)
make fun of sb.
Ich mache mich ber ihn lustig
A similar pattern of dative pronouns is used with verbs which have a direct object:
ich wasche mich but ich wasche mir die Haare zieh dich an! but zieh dir die Jacke an!
sich ber jmdn. lustig machen
I make fun of him
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
27/35
Impersonal Usage of a Verb
27 Oxford University Press 2005
Impersonal usage of a German verb is marked unpers. Impersonal usage of an English verb is marked impers.
When used impersonally, verbs take the impersonal pronoun es in German
and it in English:
es regnet = it is raininges schneit = it is snowing
es fehlt an Lehrern = there is a lack of teachers
es gibt ein Problem = there is a problem
es gibt Probleme = there are problems
A few German verbs hardly ever occur without the impersonal es:
hapern: es hapert an etw. (Dat.) = there is a shortage of sth.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
28/35
Phrasal verbs are at the end of the entry, marked
verb + preposition or adverb e.g. run away
Other examples:give up, take off, let down
There are no phrasal verbs in German
Separable and Inseparable Verbs
28 Oxford University Press 2005
Listed alphabetically according to the particle:
fingan under A: an|fangenbrachtehinunter under H: hinunter|bringen
kreuztedurch under D: durch|kreuzen
durchkreuzte under D: durch kreuzen
Phrasal verbs are at the end of the entry, markedEnglish Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
29/35
Verb Tables
29 Oxford University Press 2005
Verbs are listed under their infinitive form.
Common forms of some irregular verbs are cross-referenced to theinfinitive:
German irregular verbs (marked unr. (unregelmig)) are listed ina section at the back of the dictionary, with the infinitive, preterite(with preterite subjunctive in parentheses) and past participle.
For compound verbs (e.g. herunterreien), look up the simpleverb in this case reien.
Look up a German verb to see whether you need sein.
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
30/35
Verb Complementation
30 Oxford University Press 2005
= the range of structures that can be used after any given verb
I want Matt to leave.
You wont find exactly this phrase in the dictionary,
but you will find a similar construction, e.g.:
I dont want you to get the idea
ich mchte nicht, dass Sie den Eindruck gewinnen
So the translation is:
Ich mchte, dass Matt weggeht.
Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
31/35
Adapting Examples
31 Oxford University Press 2005
Nouns: may have irregular plurals
may require modifications to definite and indefinite articles or
possessive adjectives (e.g.meinmeineormeinen)
if you refer back to nouns in a following sentence, you need to use
the correct masculine, feminine or neuter pronoun
Verbs:
need to be in the correct form, unless the sentence uses the infinitive
need the appropriate reflexive pronoun, if they are reflexive(e.g. I had my hair cut =ich habe mir die Haare schneiden lassen)
need to use the right prepositions (e.g. send down to the store for
sth. = etw. aus dem Lager holen lassen)
Careful! Sometimes you may need to adapt a given translation:
Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
32/35
a German word has several meanings
you are unsure which German translation to choose
you dont know if the German word you know can
be used in a certain context
you want to check the genitive or plural form
Cross-checking in the other side of the dictionary helps when:
Cross-checking
32 Oxford University Press 2005
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
33/35
What else can a good dictionary offer you?
33 Oxford University Press 2005
Correspondence letter, CV, andemail templates; useful phrases
when using the telephone, and anSMS glossary
Supplement on the Germanspelling reforms and outline ofbasic German grammar,irregular verb tables, glossaryof grammatical terms
Free pronunciation CD-ROM to helpyou practise your spoken German
Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4
Information about life and culture1 2 Thematic boxes explaininggrammatical points and giving
extra vocabulary, cross-referenced from the headword
3
4
5
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
34/35
Important factors to bear in mind when choosing a bilingual dictionary
Navigating through an entry German-English, then English-German Explaining abbreviations and symbols:
How the dictionary can help you with:
Review (I)
34 Oxford University Press 2005
common grammatical categories swung dash (or tilde) and hyphen subject field labels
regional labels register labels
sentence patterns phonetics
irregular plurals gender case compound words the position of adjectives
idioms
-
8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides
35/35
Review (II)
Questions
A chance to discuss any ideas or points raised in the seminar
How the dictionary can help you with verbs:
tense, subject, and object
direct and indirect objects
transitive and intransitive
reflexive
impersonal
Avoiding mistakes:
adapting examples
cross-checking
Extra features
separable and inseparable
English phrasal verbs
verb tables
verb complementation