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Diel redox changes of Rio Agrio, Argen4na Jackie Wrage NDSU Geochemistry December 11, 2014

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Page 1: Diel%redox%changes%of%% Rio%Agrio,%Argen4nasainieid/geochem/talks/Wrage-Diel-r… · Study%area Rio$Agrio$river:$ • Naturally%acidic,%starts%atacid% hotsprings%atthe%top%of% Copahue%Volcano%

Diel  redox  changes  of    Rio  Agrio,  Argen4na  

Jackie  Wrage  

NDSU  Geochemistry  December  11,  2014  

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Outline  

•  Background    •  Introduc4on  •  Study  •  Results  •  Conclusion  •  Further  Research  

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Where  are  we?    

•  Copahue  Volcano  •  Stratovolcano    •  Ac4ve  volcano:  

–  Been  erup4ng  since  2012  –  Latest:  4th  of  July,  2014  

•  Name  means  “sulphur  waters”    in  indigenous  Mapuche    

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Study  area  Rio  Agrio  river:  •  Naturally  acidic,  starts  at  acid  

hot  springs  at  the  top  of  Copahue  Volcano  

•  Owes  acidity  to  influx  of  vola4les  (SO4,  HCl,  &  HF)  

•  Enters  Glacial  Lake  Caviahue  •  Con4nues  down  to  waterfall:        

   Salto  del  Agrio  •  Lower  Rio  Agrio    

•  Increasing  pH  downstream  

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Diel  redox  changes  of  the  Rio  Agrio  

•  Diel:  Chemistry  changes  that  occur  within  24  hours  (day  to  night  differences)  

•  Redox:  Chemical  reac4ons  in  which  atoms  have  their  oxida4on  states  changed  

•  I  used  data  from  Parker  et  al.  (2008)  at  the  sampling  point  of  Salto  del  Agrio,  a  waterfall  with  pH  of  3.2    

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Data  

Diel  varia4ons  of  total  dissolved  Fe2+  and  Fe3+  

(Parker  et  al.  2008)  

Element  analysis  from  Parker  et  al.  (2008).  Concentra4on  in  mmol.  

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The  study  

•  Many  studies  done  here,  found  that  concentra2on  and  specia2on  of  Fe  changed  from  day  to  night  

•  Why?    

•  Does  this  affect  redox  state  of  river?    

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Why?  

•  Iron  has  2  valence  states:  3+  and  2+  –  Fe3+  is  oxidized  state  (ferric)  –  Fe2+  is  reduced  state  (ferrous)  

•  Studies  have  shown  that  in  hyperacidic  rivers  (like  Rio  Agrio),  photoreduc1on  during  the  day  causes  the  increase  in  Fe2+  and  decrease  in  Fe3+  

•  Photoreduc4on:  A  reduc4on  reac4on  that  takes  place  in  the  presence  of  light  

This  reac2on  occurs  in  the  UV  to  near  UV  region  of  Electromagne2c  Spectrum  (200-­‐450  nm)  &  is  max  with  pH  of  2-­‐4  

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Summary  of  diel  Fe  specia4on  

•  Fe3+  increases  at  night  –  open  to  atmosphere,  oxidizing  environment  

•  Photoreduc4on  during  the  day  decreases  Fe3+  and  increases  Fe2+  

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Does  this  effect  the  redox  state?  Using  PHREEQ-­‐C:  

•  I  simulated  photoreduc4on  by  changing  the  ra4o  of  Fe  species  in  the  Salto  del  Agrio  input  file  

•  Used  average  element  concentra4ons  through  24  hours    

•  Ran  9  solu4ons  to  determine  Eh  (redox  state)  

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Results  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

0.8  

0.9  

1  

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  

Eh  

Solu1on    

Eh  changes  from  day  to  night  •  Eh  varied  from  0.727  to  0.767  

•  Not  a  great  difference  

•  Increased  slightly  at  night  

•  Trend  matched  concentra4on  of  Fe3+  because  it’s  the  more  oxidized  species    

Graph  of  diel  Eh  changes  (Blue  box  represents  nighkme  values)  

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Conclusion  

•  Although  the  Fe  specia4on  and  concentra4on  varied  throughout  the  day,  it  did  not  effect  the  redox  state  of  the  en4re  river  

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Further  Research  

•  Rio  Agrio  is  a  modern  analog  to  the  Mar4an  environment  and  possibly  early  Earth  

•  Understanding  interac4ons  between  organic  &  inorganic  processes  is  important  to  astrobiology  

•  Fe-­‐oxidizing  bacteria  are  present  in  the  Rio  Agrio,  studying  their  effect  on  the  river  chemistry  can  have  important  implica4ons  

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References  

Parker,  S.,  Gammons,  C.,  Pedrozo,  F.,  and  Wood,  S.  (2008)  Diel  changes  in  metal    concentra4ons  in  a  geogenically  acidic  river:  Rio  Agrio,  Argen4na.  Jornal    of  Volcanology  and  Geothermal  Research  178.  213-­‐223.  

Gammons,  C.,  Nimick,  D.,  Parker,  S.,  Snyder,  D.,  McCleskey,  B.,  Amils,  R.,  and    Poulson,  S.  (2008)  Photoreduc4on  fuels  biogeochemical  cycling  of  iron  in    Spain’s  acid  rivers.  Chemical  Geology  252.  202-­‐213.  

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Ques4ons?