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BLOQUE I

TEMA 2

EL VERBO TO BE

NDICEINTRODUCCINOBJETIVOSPALABRAS CLAVEESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJEDESARROLLO DE CONTENIDOS

1. VERBO TO BE (SER/ESTAR)

1.1. Presente1.2. Pasado

2. VERBO TO HAVE (HABER/TENER)

2.1. Presente2.2. Pasado

3. FORMA IMPERSONAL THERE IS/THERE ARE (HAY)4. VOCABULARIO

4.1. En casa4.2. Los empleos militares4.3. Las especialidades fundamentales4.4. Las unidades

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5. EJERCICIOS6. RESPUESTAS EJERCICIOS

RESUMEN DEL TEMAGLOSARIO DE TRMINOSREFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICASLECTURAS COMPLEMENTARIASEJERCICIOS DE AUTOCOMPROBACIN

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BLOQUE I

TEMA 2

EL VERBO TO BE

INTRODUCCIN

En este segundo tema comenzaremos la parte de gramticacon la conjugacin de los dos verbos considerados como base ala hora de la formacin de las oraciones, como son el verbo tobe y el to have, y analizaremos la conjugacin de los mismos.

Dentro del vocabulario nos meteremos con los nombres msi m p o rtantes de las cosas que nos rodean dentro de una casa,p a ra continuar fa m i l i a rizndonos con el vo c abu l a rio necesari odentro de nuestro entorno castrense.

OBJETIVOS

Conocer el verbo to be. Analizar dentro de su conjugacin el presente y el pasado. Conocer el verbo to have. Analizar dentro de su conjugacin el presente y el pasado. Memorizar palabras del vocabulario.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Presente. Pasado. Forma contrada.

ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE

El aprendizaje de una segunda lengua o, en este caso, del idiomaingls, es un proceso largo y complejo, pues requiere abarcar cuatroreas fundamentales de conocimiento, como son: expresin oral (spe -a k i n g ) , ex p resin escrita ( w ri t i n g ) , c o m p rensin oral ( l i s t e n i n g ) ycomprensin escrita (reading), algo que resulta imposible en nuestroc o n t exto actual (limitacin de tiempo, imposibilidad de dedicacinex cl u s iva al estudio de esta mat e ria, ex i gencias y caractersticas deltemario). Por lo tanto, nos centraremos en los aspectos bsicos de laenseanza de esta lengua, relacionados, como es de suponer, con suaplicacin prctica al entorno militar.

El primer paso para el ap rendizaje de una lengua consiste ena d q u i rir unos conocimientos bsicos de ndole gra m atical, as comoun lxico ms o menos amplio. se ser el objetivo fundamental deeste curso.

No olvidemos que, en nu e s t ro caso, resultar herramienta funda-mental un buen diccionario bilinge (Espaol-Ingls, Ingls-Espaol),con el cual trabajaremos tanto gramtica como vocabulario.

A continuacin estableceremos una serie de pautas para el aprendi-zaje de las lecciones, que, como vern, tienen un amplio contenidoterico:

1. En primer luga r, tendremos presente el ndice del tema paralocalizar las nociones gramaticales bsicas en un marco gene-ral.

2. Realizaremos una primera lectura del tema con el fin de fami-liarizarnos con los contenidos del mismo.

3. El ap rendizaje del tema lo lleva remos a cabo dividiendo elmismo en los ap a rtados fijados por el ndice, de modo que

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emplearemos la misma estrategia de estudio para todos y cadauno de los ap a rtados. Esta estrat egia de estudio consistir en:

3.1. Leer detenidamente el apartado objeto de estudio, prestan-do especial atencin a los ejemplos.

3.2. Subrayar los aspectos gramaticales ms importantes.3.3. Realizar una segunda lectura del ap a rtado, elab o rando al

mismo tiempo un esquema con ejemplos propios (no losque figuren en el texto). Para ello ser necesario utilizar eldiccionario.

3.4. Memorizar tal esquema.3.5. De nu evo, con la ayuda del diccionario, buscar ejemplos

representativos. 3.6. Finalmente procederamos a realizar ejercicios de fo rm a

individual, llevando a cabo su correccin en grupo.

4. Como ya hemos dicho anteri o rm e n t e, desarro l l a remos estaestrategia tantas veces como nociones gramaticales haya.

5. En el caso del ap rendizaje de vo c abu l a rio, el pro c e d i m i e n t oser ms sencillo:

5.1. En primer lugar, examinaremos la lista de palabras.5.2. Buscaremos su significado en el diccionario.5.3. Memorizaremos el mismo.5.4. Realizaremos frases utilizando esas palabras (esta fase se

puede realizar de forma individual o colectiva).

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DESARROLLO DE LOS CONTENIDOS

1. VERBO SER/ESTAR (TO BE)

En ingls el verbo to be significa tanto ser como estar.

1.1. Presente

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Forma afirmativa

(Forma contrada)

I am [a y am] I'm [a ym] Yo soy / Yo estoyYou are [ju: a: r] You're [ju: r] T eres / T estsHe is [h y: yz] He's [h y:z] l es / l estShe is [ i: yz] She's [ i:z] Ella es / Ella estIt is [ yt yz] It's [ ytz] l/Ella es / l/ella est (neutro)We are [wi: a:r] We're [wi:r] Nosotros somos / Nosotros estamosYou are [ju: a:r] You're [ju:r] Vosotros sois / Vosotros estisThey are [e y a:r] They're [e y r] Ellos/as son / Ellos/as estn

I am not [a y am n t] I'm not [a ym n t] Yo no soy / Yo no estoyYou are not [ju: a:r n t] You're not [ju: r n t] T no eres / T no estsHe is not [h y: yz n t] He's not [h y:z n t] l no es / l no estShe is not [ i: yz n t] She's not [ i:z n t] Ella no es / Ella no estIt is not [ yt yz n t] It's not [ ytz n t] l/Ella no es / l/ella no

est (neutro)We are not [wi: a:r n t]We're not [wi:r n t] Nosotros no somos / Noso-

tros no estamosYou are not [ju: a:r n t] You're not [ju:r n t] Vosotros no sois / Vosotros

no estisThey are not [e y a:r n t]They're not [e y r n t] Ellos/as no son / Ellos/as no

estn

Forma negativa

(Forma contrada)

1.2. Pasado

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Forma interrogativa

Am I? [am a y] Soy yo?/Estoy yo?Are you? [a: r ju:] Eres t?/Ests t?Is he? [ yz h y:] Es l?/Est l?Is she? [ yz i:] Es ella?/Est ella?Is it? [ yz yt] Es l/ella?/Est l/ella? (neutro)Are we? [a:r wi:] Somos nosotros?/Estamos nosotros?Are you? [a:r ju:] Sois vosotros?/Estis vosotros?Are they? [a:r e y] Son ellos/as?/Estn ellos/as?

Forma interrogativa

(Forma negativa)

Am I not? [am a y n t] No soy?/No estoy?Aren't you? [a:nt ju:] No eres?/No ests?Isn't he? [ yznt h y:] No es (l)?/No est (l)? Isn't she? [ yznt i:] No es (ella)?/No est (ella)?Isn't it? [ yznt yt] No es (l/ella)?/No est (l/ella)?Aren't we? [a:nt wi:] No somos?/No estamos?Aren't you? [a:nt ju:] No sois?/No estis?Aren't they? [a:nt e y] No son?/No estn?

Forma afirmativa

I was [a yw z] Yo era / Yo estabaYou were [ju: w : r] T eras / T estabasHe was [h y: w z] l era / l estabaShe was [ i: w z] Ella era / Ella estabaIt was [ yt w z] l/Ella era / l/ella estaba (neutro)We were [wi: w : r] Nosotros ramos / Nosotros estbamosYou were [ju: w : r] Vosotros erais / Vosotros estabaisThey were [e y w : r] Ellos/as eran / Ellos/as estaban

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Forma negativa

(Forma contrada)

I was not [a y w z n t] I wasn't [a y w z nt] Yo no era / Yo no esta-ba

You were not [ju: w : r n t] You weren't [ju: w : r nt] T no eras / T no esta-bas

He was not [h y: w z n t] He wasn't [h y: w z nt] l no era / l no estabaShe was not [ i: w z n t] She wasn't [ i: w z nt] Ella no era / Ella no

estabaIt was not [ yt w z n t] It wasn't [ yt w z nt] El/Ella no era / El/ella

no estaba (neutro)We were not [wi: w : r n t] We weren't [wi: w : r nt] Nosotros no ramos /

Nosotros no estbamosYou were not [ju: w : r n t] You weren't [ju: w : r nt] Vosotros no erais /

Vosotros no estabaisThey were not [e y w : r n t] They weren't [e y w : r nt] Ellos/as no eran /

Ellos/as no estaban

Forma interrogativa

Was I? [w s a y] Era yo? / Estaba yo?Were you? [w : r ju:] Eras t? / Estabas t?Was he? [w s h y:] Era l? / Estaba l?Was she? [w s i:] Era ella? / Estaba ella?Was it? [w s yt] Era l/ella? / Estaba l/ella? (neutro)Were we? [w : r wi:] ramos nosotros? / Estbamos nosotros?Were you? [w : r ju:] Erais vosotros? / Estabais vosotros?Were they? [w : r e y] Eran ellos/as? / Estaban ellos/as?

Forma interrogativa

(Forma negativa)

Wasn't I? [w znt a y] No era (yo)? / No estaba (yo)?Weren't you? [w : rnt ju:] No eras? / No estabas?Wasn't he? [w znt h y:] No era (l)? / No estaba (l)? Wasn't she? [w znt i:] No era (ella)? / No estaba (ella)?Wasn't it? [w znt yt] No era (l/ella)? / No estaba (l/ella)?

(neutro)Weren't we? [w : rnt wi:] No ramos? / No estbamos?Weren't you? [w : rnt ju:] No erais? / No estabais?Weren't they? [w : rnt e y] No eran? / No estaban?

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2. VERBO HABER/TENER (TO HAVE)

En ingls el verbo to have significa haber o tener.

2.1. Presente

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Forma afirmativa

(Forma contrada)

I have [a y hv] I've [a yv] Yo he / Yo tengoYou have [ju: hv] You've [ju: v] T has / T tienesHe has [h y: hz] He's [hi:z] l ha / l tieneShe has [ i: hz] She's [ i:z] Ella ha / Ella tieneIt has [ yt hz] It's [ ytz] l/Ella ha / l/ella tiene (neutro)We have [wi: hv] We've [wi:v] Nosotros hemos / Nosotros tenemosYou have [ju: hv] You've [ju:v] Vosotros habis / Vosotros tenisThey have [e y hv] They've [e yv] Ellos/as han / Ellos/as tienen

Forma negativa

I don't have [a y d nt hv] Yo no he / Yo no tengoYou don't have [ju: d nt hv] T no has / T no tienesHe doesn't have [h i: d znt hv] l no ha / l no tieneShe doesn't have [ i: d znt hv] Ella no ha / Ella no tieneIt doesn't have [ yt d znt hv] l/Ella no ha / l/ella no tiene (neutro)We don't have [wi: d nt hv] Nosotros no hemos / Nosotros no tene-

mosYou don't have [ju: d nt hv] Vosotros no habis / Vosotros no tenisThey don't have [e y d nt hv] Ellos/as no han / Ellos/as no tienen

Forma interrogativa

Do I have? [du a y hv] Yo he? / Tengo yo?Do you have? [du ju: hv] Has t? / Tienes t?Does he have? [d z h i: hv] Ha l? / Tiene l?Does she have? [d z i: hv] Ha ella? / Tiene ella?Does it have? [d z yt hv] Ha l/ella? / Tiene l/ella? (neutro)Do we have? [du wi: hv] Hemos nosotros? / Tenamos noso-

tros?Do you have? [du ju: hv] Habis vosotros? / Tenais vosotros?Do they have? [du e y hv] Han ellos/as? / Tenan ellos/as?

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2.2. Pasado

Forma afirmativa

I had [a y hd] Yo haba / Yo tenaYou had [ju: hd] T habas / T tenasHe had [h y: hd] l haba / l tenaShe had [ i: hd] Ella haba / Ella tenaIt had [ yt hd] l/Ella haba / l/ella tena (neutro)We had [wi: hd] Nosotros habamos / Nosotros tenamosYou had [ju: hd] Vosotros habais / Vosotros tenaisThey had [e y hd] Ellos/as haban / Ellos/as tenan

Forma negativa

I didn't have [a y d yd nt hv] Yo no haba / Yo no tenaYou didn't have [ju: d yd nt hv] T no habas / T no tenasHe didn't have [hi: d yd nt hv] l no haba / l no tenaShe didn't have [ i: d yd nt hv] Ella no haba / Ella no tenaIt didn't have [ yt d yd nt hv] l/Ella no haba / l/ella no tena (neu-

tro)We didn't have [wi: d yd nt hv] Nosotros no habamos / Nosotros no

tenamosYou didn't have [ju: d yd nt hv] Vosotros no habais / Vosotros no te-

naisThey didn't have [e y d yd nt hv] Ellos/as no haban / Ellos/as no tenan

(Forma negativa)

Forma interrogativa

Don't I have? [d nt a y hv] No he (yo)? / No tengo (yo)?Don't you have? [d nt ju: hv] No has? / No tienes?Doesn't he have? [d z nt hi: hv] No ha (l)? / No tiene (l)? Doesn't she have? [d z nt i: hv] No ha (ella)? / No tiene (ella)?Doesn't it have? [d z nt yt hv] No ha (l/ella)? / No tiene (l/ella)?

(neutro)Don't we have? [d nt wi: hv] No hemos? / No tenemos?Don't you have? [d nt ju: hv] No habis? / No tenais?Don't they have? [d nt e y hv] No han? / No tenan?

Pa ra la fo rma negat iva e interrogat iva se emplea el auxiliar d o(does, para la tercera persona del singular y en negativo don't/doesn't)y su pasado did.

Tambin existen las fo rmas contradas h aven't (have + not)[hv_ nt], hasn't (has + not) [hz_ nt] y hadn't (had + not) [hd_ nt],que se emplean principalmente cuando el verbo implica posesin,aunque no se tratarn en este curso.

3. FORMA IMPERSONAL THERE IS / ARE / THERE ARE(HAY)

Es una forma impersonal equivalente a hay (espaol), aunque tienedos formas: una singular y otra plural, en funcin del tipo de nombreal que acompaa (contable, incontable, singular o plural).

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Forma interrogativa

Did I have? [d yd a y hv] Haba yo ? / Tena yo?Did you have? [d yd ju: hv] Habas t? / Tenas t?Did he have? [d yd hi: hv] Haba l? / Tena l?Did she have? [d yd i: hv] Haba ella? / Tena ella?Did it have? [d yd yt hv] Haba l/ella? / Tena l/ella? (neutro)Did we have? [d yd wi: hv] Habamos nosotros? / Tenamos nosotros?Did you have? [d yd ju: hv] Habais vosotros? / Tenais vosotros?Did they have? [d yd e y hv] Haban ellos/as? / Tenan ellos/as?

(Forma negativa)

Forma interrogativa

Didn't I have? [d yd nt a y hv] No haba (yo)? / No tena (yo)?Didn't you have? [d yd nt ju: hv] No habas? / No tenas?Didn't he have? [d yd nt hi: hv] No haba (l)? / No tena (l)? Didn't she have? [d yd nt i: hv] No haba (ella)? / No tena (ella)?Didn't it have? [d yd nt yt hv] No haba (l/ella)? / No tena

(l/ella)? (neutro)Didn't we have? [d yd nt wi: hv] No habamos? / No tenamos?Didn't you have? [d yd nt ju: hv] No habais? / No tenais?Didn't they have? [d yd nt e y hv] No haban? / No tenan?

There is [e r yz] / There are [e r a: r]:

There is a book on the table. Hay un libro sobre la mesa. There is some milk in the fridge. Hay leche en el frigorfico. There are several men in the room. Hay varios hombres en la habitacin.

La forma negativa es: there isn't / there aren't. En la forma interro-gativa se antepone el verbo: Is there? / Are there?:

There isn't a book in my bag. No hay un libro en mi bolsa. Th e re aren't two students in this cl a s s . No hay dos estudiantes en esta clase.

Is there a window in the room? Hay una ventana en esta habitacin?

A re there enough ch a i rs for eve ryo n e ? Hay sillas suficientes para todo el mundo?

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4. VOCABULARIO

4.1. En casa

4.2. Los empleos militares

4.3. Las especialidades fundamentales

4.4. Las unidades

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Artillera. Artillery Ingenieros. Engineer Transmisiones. Signal

Infantera. Infantry Caballera. Cavalry (Armor) Arma acorazada. Armor

Brigada: Brigade Divisin: Division C u e rpo de Ejrcito: A rmy Corp s A grupamiento tctico: Task fo rc e

Equipo o escuadra: Team Pelotn: Squad Seccin: Platoon Compaa: Company Batalln: Batallion

Cama. Bed Silla. Chair Mesa. Table Lmpara. Lamp Escaleras. Stairs Alfombra. Carpet Armario. Cupboard Cocina (electrodomstico).

Cooker Sof. Sofa Shower. Ducha

Casa. House Habitacin. Room Entrada. Hall Cocina. Kitchen Sala de estar. Living-room Comedor. Dining-room Habitacin. Bedroom C u a rto de bao. B at h ro o m / To i l e t Garaje. Garage Jardn. Garden Silln. Armchair

Alfrez. Second Lieutenant Teniente. Lieutenant Capitn. Captain Comandante. Major Teniente Coronel. Lieutenant

Colonel Coronel. Colonel General. General

Militar (persona). Soldier Suboficiales y clase de tropa.

NCO (Non commissionedOfficers)

Oficiales. Officers Soldado. Private Cabo. Corporal Sargento. Sergeant Brigada. Master Sergeant

5. EJERCICIOS

1. Completar las frases con is, are, have, has, segn sea necesario.

...... your parents English?

My sister ...... a very nice boyfriend.

I ...... a big house.

He ...... a soldier.

Peter and Ann ...... two children.

It ...... a difficult question.

Susan ...... a lovely house in the garden.

My sister ...... very clever.

2. Completar con do/does/did/don't/doesn't/didn't.

...... She have a car?

...... They have any children?

...... They have lunch here yesterday?

I ...... have many friends.

She ...... have a dictionary.

We ...... have a cup of coffee last night.

3. Escribir la forma no contrada.

EJEMPLO

I'm a student. I am a student.

What's your name? ...

I'm from Italy. ...

He's a doctor. ...

You're students. ...

It's a rainy day. ...

They're happy. ...

We're Spanish. ...

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4. Ponga las siguientes frases en forma negativa e interrogativa:

EJEMPLO:You are English. You aren't English.

Are you English?

It is Sunday today. ...

I am single. ...

They are from London. ...

You are old. ...

We are very rich. ...

My house is in the country. ...

He is a doctor. ...

She has two daughters. ...

They have a good dictionary. ...

I have a lot of magazines. ...

The house has three rooms. ...

We have breakfast at 10 o'clock. ...

You have a colour TV set. ...

He has three meetings today. ...

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6. RESPUESTAS EJERCICIOS

1. Completar las frases con is, are, have, has, segn sea necesario.

Are your parents English? My sister has a very nice boyfriend. I have a big house. He is a soldier. Peter and Ann have two children. It is a difficult question. Susan has a lovely house in the garden. My sister is very clever.

2. Completar con do/does/did/don't/doesn't/didn't.

Does she have a car? Do they have any children? Did they have lunch here yesterday? I don't have many friends. She doesn't have a dictionary. We didn't have a cup of coffee last night.

3. Escribir la forma no contrada.

EJEMPLO

I'm a student. I am a student.

What's your name? What is your name? I'm from Italy. I am from Italy. He's a doctor. He is a doctor. You're students. You are students. It's a rainy day. It is a rainy day. They're happy. They are happy. We're Spanish. We are Spanish.

4. Ponga las siguientes frases en forma negativa e interrogativa:

EJEMPLO

You are English. You aren't English.Are you English?

It is Sunday today. It isn't Sunday today.Is it Sunday today?

I am single. I'm not single.Am I single?

They are from London. They aren`t from London.Are they from London?

You are old. You aren't old.Are you old?

We are very rich. We aren't very rich.Are we very rich?

My house is in the country. My house isn't in the country.Is my house in the country?

He is a doctor. He isn't a doctor.Is he a doctor.

She has two daughters. She doesn't have two daughters.Does she have two daughters?

They have a good dictionary.They don't have a good dictionary.Do they have a good dictionary?

I have a lot of magazines. I don`t have a lot of magazines.Do I have a lot of magazines?

The house has three rooms. The house doesn't have three rooms.Does the house have three rooms?

We have breakfast at 10 o'clock.We don't have bre a k fast at 10 o'cl o ck .Do we have breakfast at 10 o'clock?

You have a colour TV set. You don't have a colour TV set.Do you have a colour TV set?

He has three meetings today. He doesn't have three meetings today.Does he have three meetings today.

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RESUMEN DEL TEMA

1. VERBO TO BE (SER/ESTAR).

1.1. Presente:

Forma afirmativa. Forma negativa. Forma interrogativa. Forma interrogativa negativa.

1.2. Pasado: Forma afirmativa. Forma negativa. Forma interrogativa. Forma interrogativa negativa.

2. VERBO TO HAVE (HABER/TENER).

2.1. Presente: Forma afirmativa. Forma negativa. Forma interrogativa. Forma interrogativa negativa.

2.2. Pasado:

Forma afirmativa. Forma negativa. Forma interrogativa. Forma interrogativa negativa.

3. FORMA IMPERSONAL THERE IS/THERE ARE (HAY).4. VOCABULARIO.

4.1. En casa.4.2. Los empleos militares.4.3. Las especialidades fundamentales.4.4. Las unidades.

5. EJERCICIOS6. RESPUESTAS EJERCICIOS

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GLOSARIO DE TRMINOS

Auxiliar: Dcese de verbos que, al perder su significacin particu-lar, sirven para formar los tiempos compuestos de otros verbos opara expresar diversos matices del pensamiento.

Impersonal: Dcese del verbo que slo se conjuga en la tercerapersona del singular.

BIBLIOGRAFA

Libro de trabajo de Ingls. AGBS. A practical English grammar. Thomsom and Martinet.

LECTURA COMPLEMENTARIA

Gramtica Inglesa. Regien Publications. Diccionario Ingls-Espaol, Espaol-Ingls. Se recomienda: Vox,

Collins, Oxford. De tamao medio.

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EJERCICIOS DE AUTOCOMPROBACIN

1. My house ...... two rooms.

a) hasb) havec) isd) had

2. I ...... in Paris last week.

a) amb) havec) wasd) were

3. There ...... a book in my bag.

a) areb) isn'tc) hasd) were

4. The library ...... closed.

a) am notb) are notc) is notd) were not

5. There ...... no milk in the bottle.

a) areb) wasc) isn'td) is

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