Diesel Regulations Affecting Diesel Regulations Affecting Public FleetsPublic Fleets

PFSA MeetingPFSA MeetingMay 17, 2007May 17, 2007

Chris W DuttonChris W Dutton

A-Z Bus SalesA-Z Bus Sales

Emission Solutions GroupEmission Solutions Group

AgendaAgenda

IntroductionIntroduction Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk

Reduction PlanReduction Plan Overview of the On-Road Diesel Overview of the On-Road Diesel

Public Fleet ATCMPublic Fleet ATCM Technology: Retrofit and 2007Technology: Retrofit and 2007 Upcoming RegulationsUpcoming Regulations QuestionsQuestions

Background: Background: Diesel Risk Reduction PlanDiesel Risk Reduction Plan

BackgroundBackground

In 1998, the California Air Resources In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC)toxic air contaminant (TAC)• Over 1 million on-road & off-road Over 1 million on-road & off-road

vehiclesvehicles• 16,000 stationary engines16,000 stationary engines• 50,000 portable engines50,000 portable engines

Why are we doing this?Why are we doing this?

EPA Emission StandardsEPA Emission Standards

BackgroundBackground

To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000(DRRP) in 2000• Goal: Goal: significantly reduce diesel PM significantly reduce diesel PM

emissionsemissions• Three components:Three components:

Stringent standards for new enginesStringent standards for new engines Retrofit requirements for existing enginesRetrofit requirements for existing engines Control sulfur-content of diesel fuelControl sulfur-content of diesel fuel

BackgroundBackground As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended

several air toxic control measures (ATCMs)several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) ATCMs already adopted:ATCMs already adopted:

• Transit busesTransit buses• Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles• Stationary enginesStationary engines• Portable equipmentPortable equipment• Transportation refrigeration enginesTransportation refrigeration engines• Idling controlsIdling controls• 2007 model year emission standards for 2007 model year emission standards for

heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipmentheavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment• Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel

On-Road Diesel On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCMPublic Fleet ATCM

OverviewOverview

At the December 8, 2005 Board At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCMATCM• Continuation of the work directed by the Continuation of the work directed by the

DRRPDRRP• Does not apply to any public vehicles Does not apply to any public vehicles

that were already covered in previous that were already covered in previous ATCMs: ATCMs:

Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles Public transit vehicles Public transit vehicles School busesSchool buses

OverviewOverview On-road diesel On-road diesel

heavy-duty vehicles heavy-duty vehicles with a model year with a model year from 1960-2006from 1960-2006

Manufacturer’s Manufacturer’s Gross Vehicle Gross Vehicle Weight greater than Weight greater than 14,000 lbs14,000 lbs

Owned, leased, or Owned, leased, or operated by any operated by any municipality or municipality or utility companyutility company

Regulatory ApproachRegulatory Approach

Requires that the Best Available Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be Control Technology (BACT) be installedinstalled

Vehicle-by-vehicle basisVehicle-by-vehicle basis Phased-in compliance schedule Phased-in compliance schedule

based on engine model yearbased on engine model year

BACT DefinitionsBACT Definitions1)1) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified

to the to the new 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standardnew 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard for new for new 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007);2007);

2)2) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to a to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr standard (1994 and above)0.1 g/bhp-hr standard (1994 and above) AND install the AND install the highest level verified highest level verified Diesel Diesel Emission Control StrategyEmission Control Strategy (DECS) (DECS);;

3)3) Replace or repower vehicle with an Replace or repower vehicle with an alternative-alternative-fuelfuel, heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or , heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or gasoline enginegasoline engine; ; or,or,

4)4) Install the Install the highest level verified DECShighest level verified DECS on an on an existing engine.existing engine.

BACT (Cont’d)BACT (Cont’d)

DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels:three levels:• Level 1 – greater than 25% reductionLevel 1 – greater than 25% reduction• Level 2 – greater than 50% reductionLevel 2 – greater than 50% reduction• Level 3 – greater than 85% reductionLevel 3 – greater than 85% reduction

Responsibility of owner to find highest Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each enginelevel of DECS for each engine

NoteNote that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) Group 1 engines (1960-1987) • except for low population countiesexcept for low population counties

BACT by Yr. and TemperatureBACT by Yr. and Temperature

On-road Engine BACT CoverageToday

Pre-’88 ’91-93’88-90 ’94-02 2007…’03-06

200C

240C

Std DPF

Active DPF’sHorizon or Huss

TAvg. Exh

Low-temp DPF

(Currently Deverified)

Active DPF or L1

Latest Notice from CARB on BACTLatest Notice from CARB on BACT

Make sure you follow Executive Make sure you follow Executive Orders on the CARB Verification pageOrders on the CARB Verification page

Match engine years, manufacturer, &Match engine years, manufacturer, &

engine family number (which can be engine family number (which can be a challenge to find)a challenge to find)

A new statement from CARB has just A new statement from CARB has just been released and listed on the next been released and listed on the next slideslide

Latest Mail out on applying BACTLatest Mail out on applying BACT

DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, and/or applications, or operated in a manner that and/or applications, or operated in a manner that is not compliant with the Executive Order are not is not compliant with the Executive Order are not verified configurations. Such configurations will verified configurations. Such configurations will not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet rules, and could expose owners of affected rules, and could expose owners of affected vehicles or equipment to potentially significant vehicles or equipment to potentially significant civil penalties and fines. civil penalties and fines.

Go to this website for a complete copy:Go to this website for a complete copy:http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07.hhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07.htmtm

))

Compliance ScheduleCompliance Schedule

Engine Near Retirement ExtensionEngine Near Retirement Extension

Retirement:Retirement:• Sale outside of CaliforniaSale outside of California• Scrappage of the engineScrappage of the engine• Conversion to a low-usage vehicleConversion to a low-usage vehicle

If engine is within 1 year of If engine is within 1 year of retirementretirement• Get 1 year extension Get 1 year extension

Early Implementation ExtensionEarly Implementation Extension

Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012

Similar extension for Group 2Similar extension for Group 2

Early Implementation will enable Early Implementation will enable you to plan for retirementyou to plan for retirement

By delaying implementation you can By delaying implementation you can budget to add new 2007 compliant vehiclebudget to add new 2007 compliant vehicle

The new 2007 engine will have an active The new 2007 engine will have an active Diesel particulate FilterDiesel particulate Filter

There will be other changes made to the There will be other changes made to the vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine will be compliant in CA. You will still have will be compliant in CA. You will still have to clean the DPF coreto clean the DPF core

Changes in 2007Changes in 2007

Changes in 2007Changes in 2007

Catalyst CoreCatalyst Core

DieselDiesel Particulate FilterParticulate Filter

•Passively Regenerating DPF. Temp. sensitive

•Precious metal catalyst on Silicon Carbide (SiC) substrate

•Modular “muffler” style product format

•PM, HC and CO reductions of >85%

Passed

Failed

Note: both graphsare for same engine model

What you should be doing now?What you should be doing now?

Use a spreadsheet to separate your Use a spreadsheet to separate your vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3

Year of your vehicles, horsepower Year of your vehicles, horsepower and temperature will help determine and temperature will help determine BACTBACT

Data log a percentage of your Data log a percentage of your vehicles. Your emission contractor vehicles. Your emission contractor can complete or buy your own data can complete or buy your own data loggerlogger

What you should be doing now?What you should be doing now?

Data logging results will determine Data logging results will determine whether you will need a passive or active whether you will need a passive or active diesel particulate filterdiesel particulate filter

With this preliminary work done you can With this preliminary work done you can now move forward to order emission now move forward to order emission devices devices

Remember that lead time for delivery of Remember that lead time for delivery of product is running 3-8 weeks today and product is running 3-8 weeks today and could get longer in the futurecould get longer in the future

Active RegenerationActive Regeneration

CAT Acert Regeneration SystemCAT Acert Regeneration System

Active Regeneration FilterActive Regeneration Filter

TemperaturesTemperatures

Horizon™ EPFHorizon™ EPF

Air pump box

Plug & socketThermocouples

Controls box

Exhaust flow

Insulated PM filter

Wiring harness

Electric heaterEngine exhaust inspection port

Backpressure & temp ports

Horizon System Schematic Horizon System Schematic

ElectricHeater Module

Air Pump

System Controls

Grid Power208/240 V

18 Amp Max draw

Exhaust Flow PM Filter

On-boardVehicle

Engine RPM, Boost

Outlet temp

Bac

kpre

ssur

e &

inle

t te

mp

Notification lights

How It Works (Pulsing Flow)How It Works (Pulsing Flow)

Blower provides Blower provides constant low flow for constant low flow for ash entrapmentash entrapment

Air tank builds to ≈10 Air tank builds to ≈10 PSI from shop airPSI from shop air

Diaphragm opens and Diaphragm opens and releases high flow releases high flow pulse (≈ 1 every 20 pulse (≈ 1 every 20 seconds)seconds)

1 cleaning cycle is 15 1 cleaning cycle is 15 minutesminutes

InstallationInstallation Due to its weight, Due to its weight,

additional support brackets additional support brackets may be requiredmay be required

For a direct fit For a direct fit replacement, remove the replacement, remove the original muffler and install original muffler and install the DPF using new clampsthe DPF using new clamps

Depending on the Depending on the temperature trace, temperature trace, wrapping the filter with a wrapping the filter with a heat blanket may be heat blanket may be requiredrequired

If mounted rigidly to the If mounted rigidly to the chassis, use flex before the chassis, use flex before the DPF’s inlet side to isolate DPF’s inlet side to isolate engine vibrationsengine vibrations

Upcoming RegulationsUpcoming Regulations

Approaches include:Approaches include:• Accelerated turnover to cleaner enginesAccelerated turnover to cleaner engines• Retrofit with BACTRetrofit with BACT• Idling limitationsIdling limitations• Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or

inspectionsinspections

Next workshop is coming soonNext workshop is coming soon

Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment

Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment

GroupGroupEngine Engine

Model YearsModel Years

Compliance Phase-in DatesCompliance Phase-in Dates

25%25% 50%50% 75%75% 100%100%

11 Pre-1988Pre-1988 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

22 1988-19951988-1995 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011

33 1996-20021996-2002 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012

44 2003-20062003-2006 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013

55 2007-20142007-2014

Model Model Year (MY) Year (MY)

+ 4+ 4 MY + 5MY + 5 MY + 6MY + 6 MY + 7MY + 7

Rule OverviewRule Overview

Fleet Size Fleet Size CategoryCategory

DescriptionDescription Compliance Compliance DatesDates

SmallSmall

<1500 HP & Small business or <1500 HP & Small business or municipality or Low population municipality or Low population county municipality fleetcounty municipality fleet

2015-2025 2015-2025 PM onlyPM only

MediumMedium

1501-5000 HP and not small CA 1501-5000 HP and not small CA state and US Govt.state and US Govt.

2010-20202010-2020

PM & NOxPM & NOx

LargeLarge

5001 HP>, Private Owned5001 HP>, Private Owned 2009-20202009-2020

PM & NOxPM & NOx

Useful WebsitesUseful Websites

Diesel Risk Reduction PlanDiesel Risk Reduction Plan• http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm

Public FleetsPublic Fleets• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htm• http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htm

Off-Road Diesel EquipmentOff-Road Diesel Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htm

Off-Road LSI EquipmentOff-Road LSI Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htm

Questions?Questions?

Contact InformationContact Information

A-Z Bus SalesA-Z Bus Sales

3418 523418 52ndnd Ave Ave

Sacramento CA 95823Sacramento CA 95823

Office 916-399-2911Office 916-399-2911

Cell 916-919-7813Cell 916-919-7813