Diet and Health

Chapter 11

Cancer Facts US men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk US women have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk 1,220,000 new malignant cancer cases

in 2000 552,000 cancer deaths in 2000 Cancer the Top Killer for Those

Under 85 – Jan 20, 2005

Cancer TrendsJNCI, 1999

1990-1996 All cancer incidence declined

by 2.2% -4.1% males -0.5% females USATODAY.com

- Cancer deaths lowest in 7 decades

The Cancer Development Process

InitiationAlterations in DNAminutes - daysCauses:

radiation chemical carcinogens viruses

The Cancer Development Process

Promotion “locking” DNA alterations failure of DNA repair

mechanismsmonths - years

The Cancer Development Process

Cancer ProgressionUncontrolled growth of

cancer cellsmalignancy and metastasisweeks to years

Cancer DevelopmentCancer Development

http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm

Diet and Cancer Development

Initiation Dietary sources of carcinogens

aflatoxin mold from peanuts benzopyrene from charbroiled meats nitrosamine from cured meats

Protection phytochemicals antioxidants dietary fiber

Alaska Journal of Commerce Online

Diet and Cancer Development

Promotion Fat and PUFA excess alcohol

Progression excess Fat and calories

Diet and CancerACS 2000

One third of cancer deaths in US is due to cigarette smoking

One third of cancer deaths in US is due to diet

5-10% of cancers are hereditary NutraIngredients

1999 ACS Dietary Guidelines

Choose most of the foods you eat from plant sources.

Five A Day low in fat and calories high in folic acid, vitamin C, beta-carotene high in fiber high in phytochemicals ABC News: Turn to Tomatoes for Prostate Health FOXNews.com - Health - Vitamin D May Lower

Some Cancer Risk

Trends in Consumption of Recommended Vegetable and Fruit Servings (5 or more) for Cancer Prevention, Adults 18 and Older, US, 1994-2000

* Includes fewer than 50 states and the District of Columbia. All other prevalences include the 50 states and District of Columbia.Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001.

Prevalence (%)

2224 24 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1994*

1996 1998 2000

Hypertension

DefinitionDiastolic Blood Pressure

> 90 mm HgSystolic Blood Pressure

>140 mm HgDesirable < 120/80

                                                                         

Hypertension and DiseaseStroke

2/3rds with first stroke have HTN 7 times more likely than normal

Coronary heart disease 1/2 with first MI have HTN 3 times more likely than normal

End-stage Renal FailureBlindness

Blood Pressure

Risk Factors

AgeEthnicityFamily HistoryObesity

Diet and Hypertension

Weight LossModerate weight loss

Regular exercise

Diet and Hypertension Alcohol

< 1-2 servings per day >2 servings increases risk of HTN

Potassium fruits and vegetables

Fish Oils Calcium Calcium, Linus Pauling Institute's

Micronutrient Information Center

Potassium

Found in both plant and animalAI = 4700 mg/dayGood food sourcesFunctions

Works with sodium Helps maintain lower BP Protective Effects of High Dietary

Potassium: Nutritional and Metabolic Aspects -- Demigné et al. 134 (11): 2903 -- Journal of Nutrition