dietary oat bran and probiotic interaction in...
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Dietary Oat Bran and Probiotic Interaction in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Oxylipin
Metabolism
Jetty Chung-Yung LEEHong Kong
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Jetty Chung-Yung Lee, Ph.D.The University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences
Dietary oat bran and probiotic interaction in polyunsaturated fatty acid and oxylipin
metabolism
ISAPP, Singapore 2018
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Oat bran
• Prebiotic
• 3-8g, 82% water-soluble
• β-glucan
• Linear, branched, degree of polymerization all determine solubility
• Only soluble ones can be fermented
• Fermented by bacterial β-glucosidase in gut
• Selectively proliferate gut bacteria
• PUFA n-6 and n-3
• Phytochemicals (antioxidant)
• Resist host digestion
Sibakov et al., 2012
Microscopic picture of the cross section of oat grain, stained with Calcofluor and Acid Fuchsin
Slavin, J. Nutrients, 2013. 5: 1417-1435.
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Oat β-glucan Mechanisms
Cholesterol Synthesis
• ↓ Cholesterol and bile acid reabsorption• ↑ Hepatic bile acid synthesis• ↓ Cholesterol levels
Improves Intestinal Barrier
• ↑ Absorption and removal of toxins • Improve gut barrier junctions• ↓ Permeability
Viscous layer
EFSA, EFSA Journal 2010. 8:1885.Shen, R.-L., et al., J Agric Food Chem, 2012. 60:11301.
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In 2012, CVD was the leading cause of NCD deaths (17.5 million).
*Global Health Observatory , World Health Organisation
Oat bran and heart disease
CVD mortality rate (100,000)
CVDs due to Atherosclerosis
heart attackstroke hypertension
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Oat Bran
PUFA
Modulate Immune Pathways
↓ vascular endothelial function
β-glucan
↓ Inflammation + oxidative stress
Intestinal barrier function
Absorption/Removal of Cholesterol
↓ Atherosclerosis risk
↓Lipid Levels
↓ Endotoxin Translocation
Oat β-glucan and Atherosclerosis
Oat bran attenuates the development of atherosclerosis byimproving gut barrier function, altering lipid metabolism,thereby reducing vascular endothelial dysfunction.
Lattimer & Haub, Nutrients, 2010. 2: 1266.
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Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Channon, Medicine, 2002. 30:54-58.
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Oat Bran Concentrate
Aleurone and sub-aleurone enriched by conventional
milling and sieving
Oat Lipid Extraction by supercritical CO2
Dry fractionation and air classification
Unrefined Oat Bran
MW degraded by thermo-
catalytic acid hydrolysis
Low MW β-GlucanConcentrate
Oat bran fractionation methods
Oat bran
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Oxylipins (lipid mediators) of PUFAs
Linoleic acid (LA)18:2n-6
Arachidonic acid (AA)20:4n-6
Adrenic acid (AdA)22:4n-6
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)22:5n-6
Omega-6
a-Linolenic Acid (ALA)18:3n-3
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)20:5n-3
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)22:6n-3
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)22:5n-3
Omega-3
D6-desaturase (FADS2)Elongase (ELOVL-5)
D5-desaturase (FADS1)
Elongase (ELOVL-2)
Elongase (ELOVL-2)D6-desaturase (FADS2)
b-oxidation
*NeuroPs*NeuroFsHydroxy-DHAResolvinsProtectins
*PhytoPs*PhytoFs
*F3-IsoPsResolvins
F3t-NeuroPs
*IsoPs*IsoFsPGHETEs
*Dihomo-IsoPs*Dihomo-IsoFs
OxS
OxS
OxS
OxS
OxS
OxS
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ESI
LC-MS/MS
MRM Peak
LC Separation
• C18 Column • 2.6um particle size• 2.1 x 150 mm• 10μl sample• Flow rate 200 μl/min• ESI
MRM Detection
• Triple Quadrupole• Linear ion trap capabilities
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Summary
• Oat bran only reduced plaque and did not improve lipid profile or endothelial function;
• PUFA in oat bran modified PUFA liver and heart;• Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators are suppressed and pro-
inflammatory elevated;• Gut phylum suggest HFD with oat bran reduced short-fatty acid
production.
• The fibre in oat bran may help in cholesterol metabolism and not PUFA metabolism.
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HFD and Metabolic Disorders
HFD
Changed gut microbiota
Increased energy harvest
Increased LPS production
Increased lipogenesis
Increased endotoxemia
Fat accumulation
Systemic inflammation
Metabolic disorders
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HFD and NAFLD
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - a range of hepatic complications
• Mainly attributed to metabolic syndrome and obesity
NAFLD
Fatdeposition
Fat + inflammation
Fibrosis/ Scarring
Cirrhosis
TNF
HEALTHY LIVER
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Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG
• In vitro modulation of healthy human immune cells
• In vivo modulation of intestinal barrier and immunity in mice exposed to selected mycotoxins
• In vivo reduction of tumor growth through immunomodulation and inhibition of angiogenesis
Probiotics
Probiotic Health Benefits Possible Mechanisms
Immune modulationImmunity ↑Inflammation ↓
T-cell numbers and activity levels enhancementPromote anti-inflammatory cytokine production
Nutrient value ↑ Vitamin and co-factor production
Cancer risk ↓ Detoxification of carcinogenic metabolites
Atopic allergy symptoms ↓ Suppression of hypersensitivity
Dietary intolerance ↓ Catabolism of dietary ingredients
Gastrointestinal disorder or dysfunction ↓
Not defined
Pathogen burden ↓ Competitive exclusionDirect antagonism
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Summary
• Synbiotic diet did not enhance essential PUFA;• Synbiotic diet reduced lipid mediators related to
inflammation;• Not all anti-inflammatory mediators were elevated by
symbiotic diet.
• The two studies indicate probiotic, prebiotic and synbioticinterposition in HFD diets are not favourable in the regulation of PUFA and its mediators.
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Acknowledgements
Institut des Biomolécules Max MousseronUMR 5247 CNRS - Université de Montpellier
Dr. Thierry Durand
Dr. Jean-Marie Galano
Dr. Camille Oger
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, University of Eastern Finland & VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Dr. Kaisa Poutanen
School of Biological Sciences, HKUDr. Hani El-NezamiDr. Dalal Samir AlGhawasDr. Sam K.S. LeungZuzanna OstroskwaYu Fung Yau