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Recommender Systems An Introduction Recommender Systems An Introduction Dietmar Jannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press Which digital camera should I buy? What is the best holiday for me and my family? Which is the best investment for supporting the education of my children? Which movie should I rent? Which web sites will I find interesting? children? Which movie should I rent? Which web sites will I find interesting? Which book should I buy for my next vacation? Which degree and university are the best for my future? -1-

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Page 1: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Recommender Systems – An IntroductionRecommender Systems  An Introduction

Dietmar Jannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard FriedrichCambridge University PressCambridge University Press

Which digital camera should I buy?What is the best holiday for me andmy family?Which is the best investment for supporting the education of mychildren?Which movie should I rent?Which web sites will I find interesting?children?Which movie should I rent?Which web sites will I find interesting?Which book should I buy for my next vacation?Which degree and university

are the best for my future?

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Page 2: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

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Page 3: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

AgendaAgenda

Introduction– Problem domain

– Purpose and success criteria

– Paradigms of recommender systemsg y Collaborative Filtering

Content‐based Filtering

Knowledge‐Based Recommendations

Hybridization Strategies

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Page 4: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

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Page 5: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Problem domainProblem domain

Recommendation systems (RS) help to match users with itemsRecommendation systems (RS) help to match users with items– Ease information overload

– Sales assistance (guidance, advisory, persuasion,…)

RS are software agents that elicit the interests and preferences of individual consumers […] and make recommendations accordingly. 

They have the potential to support and improve the quality of the decisions consumers make while searching for and selecting products online.

» (Xiao & Benbasat 20071)

Different system designs / paradigmsB d il bilit f l it bl d t– Based on availability of exploitable data

– Implicit and explicit user feedback

– Domain characteristics

- 5 -(1) Xiao and Benbasat, E‐commerce product recommendation agents: Use, characteristics, and impact, MIS Quarterly 31 (2007), no. 1, 137–209

Page 6: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Purpose and success criteria (1)Purpose and success criteria (1)

Diff t ti / t Different perspectives/aspects– Depends on domain and purpose– No holistic evaluation scenario exists

Retrieval perspective– Reduce search costs– Provide "correct" proposals– Users know in advance what they want 

Recommendation perspectiveS di it id tif it f th L T il– Serendipity – identify items from the Long Tail

– Users did not know about existence

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Page 7: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

When does a RS do its job well?When does a RS do its job well?

"Recommend widely unknown items that users might actually lik !"like!"

20% f i

Recommend items from the long tail 20% of items 

accumulate 74% of all positive ratings

from the long tail

Items rated > 3 in MovieLens 100KMovieLens 100K dataset

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Page 8: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Purpose and success criteria (2)Purpose and success criteria (2)

P di ti ti Prediction perspective– Predict to what degree users like an item– Most popular evaluation scenario in research

Interaction perspective– Give users a "good feeling"– Give users a  good feeling– Educate users about the product domain– Convince/persuade users ‐ explain

Finally, conversion perspective C i l it ti– Commercial situations

– Increase "hit", "clickthrough", "lookers to bookers" rates– Optimize sales margins and profit   

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Page 9: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Recommender systemsRecommender systems 

f RS seen as a function

Given:User model (e g ratings preferences demographics situational context)– User model (e.g. ratings, preferences, demographics, situational context)

– Items (with or without description of item characteristics)

Find:Find:– Relevance score. Used for ranking.

Relation to Information Retrieval: IR is finding material [ ] of an unstructured nature [ ] that satisfies an– IR is finding material [..] of an unstructured nature [..] that satisfies an information need from within large collections [..].

» (Manning et al. 20081)

- 9 -(1) Manning, Raghavan, and Schütze, Introduction to information retrieval, Cambridge University Press, 2008

Page 10: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

Recommender systems reduce information overload by estimating relevance 

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Page 11: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

Personalized recommendationsPersonalized recommendations

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Page 12: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

C ll b ti "T ll h t' lCollaborative: "Tell me what's popular among my peers"

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Page 13: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

Content‐based: "Show me more of the Co te t based S o e o e o t esame what I've liked"

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Page 14: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

Knowledge‐based: "Tell me what fits based on my needs"

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Page 15: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

Paradigms of recommender systemsParadigms of recommender systems

Hybrid: combinations of various inputs d/ i i f diffand/or composition of different 

mechanism

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Page 16: DietmarJannach, Markus Alexander ... - Recommender Systems · Recommender Systems – An Introduction DietmarJannach, Markus Zanker, Alexander Felfernig, Gerhard Friedrich Cambridge

OutlookOutlook

Part I (Basic Concepts)– Basic paradigms of collaborative,

– content‐based, and

– knowledge‐based recommendation,g ,

– as well as hybridization methods.

– Explaining the reasons for recommending an item

E i t l l ti– Experimental evaluation

Part II (Recent Research Topics)– How to cope with efforts to attack and manipulate a recommender systemHow to cope with efforts to attack and manipulate a recommender system 

from outside,

– supporting consumer decision making and

t ti l i t t i– potential persuasion strategies,

– recommendation systems in the context of the social and semantic webs, and

– the application of recommender systems to ubiquitous domains

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