Presented by:Janine F. Legaspi

Different Types of Plan

PLANNING

Function

At an Institutional

Level

Time/Duration

According to Time/Duration:1. Long-term plan2. Medium-term plan3. Short-term plan4. Single-purpose plan

According to Function:1. Physical and Economic planning2. Allocative planning3. Multi and Single Objective

planning4. Indicative and Imperative

planning

In an Institutional Level:1. Reactive Planning2. Negotiated Planning3. Systematic Planning

Reactive Planning Occurs when the planner or the

administrator wants events to occur before preparations are made to tackle them.

Reactive PlanningProblem

Plan

Execute

Reactive PlanningWhat could be the result of this type of planning?frustration among the members of

the institutionloss of confidence on their leaderineffectiveness and lack of a sense

of direction

Negotiated Planning Based on bargains to arrive at a

common position

Negotiated PlanningFinal decision is heavily influenced

by the bargaining position of the various parties involved in the planning process.

Negotiated PlanningWhat could be the result of this type of planning?educational programs are

introduced without adequate consideration given to their desirability.

often leads to non-implementation of some of the related program

Systematic Planning Involves a process by which the planner

identifies the need of the institution.

Systematic Planning The problems affecting

the institution are therefore clearly stated and the alternative requirement for problem solution is identified.

Systematic Planning It requires a carefully

determined method and means of resolving educational issues and a proper evaluation of the result of the implemented plans.

Negotiated andSystematic Planning

• Complementary to each other- because of limited resources of

educational administrators- partly as a result of the special

relationship between education and politics in developing countries• Possible to apply at the same time

Negotiated Planningvs

Systematic Planning

NEGOTIATED PLANNING

SYSTEMATIC PLANNING

Goals are often not stated in written form

The goals to be attained and the measures of evaluating the progress are recorded, made explicit and public

NEGOTIATED PLANNING

SYSTEMATIC PLANNING

Each negotiator releases only information or data that support his views, the details are not often produced

There is usually a common analysis group that is responsible for the collection, organization and presentation of the data that are used by all the planners.

NEGOTIATED PLANNING

SYSTEMATIC PLANNING

Comparison between alternative measures are often made during oral arguments

Comparisons between alternatives are made, prediction of consequences of each alternative is carefully done and every analysis is presented in written and made available for study

Advantages ofSystematic Planning Approach

1. Orderliness2. Identification of goals3. Waste is being minimized4. It is time saving5. Focus on goals is quite obvious6. It enhances implementation7. It provides basis for evaluation8. Stability and continuity can be

enhanced