differentiating libraries through enriched user searching: frbr implementation in virtua john...
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Differentiating Libraries through Enriched User Searching:
FRBR Implementation in Virtua
John Espley, Director for Design, VTLS Inc.
Back to Basics – and Flying Into the Future
Cataloging 2007, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1-2 February 2007
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• Current Virtua Release is Release 48
• First FRBR customer (UCL) was in 2003
with Release 41
• Important Split for UsersChoose to implement FRBR
Choose to ignore FRBR
Have a mixed catalog with FRBR records and non-FRBR
records
VTLS and FRBR
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Virtua and FRBR
MARC based system
Mapping from regular cataloging to
FRBR
One record to three linked records
Work, Expression, Manifestation
Initial mapping done independently by LC
(Tom Delsey) and by VTLS (John Espley) – there
was little difference
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Design Considerations in FRBR
Design is a matter of choices; Good design is a matter of good choices
Five key questions
Store FRBR records?
Have a pure or mixed FRBRized catalog?
What tools are needed to support cataloging?
How to display FRBR records?
What features would users like?
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Design Considerations in FRBR
Records are cataloged once assessed many
times; FRBRizing at access was not optimal
Collocation was easier for stored FRBR records
Validations checks for works, expressions and
manifestations was cleaner for stored records
Cataloging was simpler and easily understood
Store FRBR Records (or FRBRize at display) ?
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Design Considerations in FRBR
Studies at VTLS and OCLC showed that about
18% of catalog records would gain by
FRBRizing
Pure catalogs would be easier to display but
would require more effort to convert
Mixed catalogs would take less overhead and
provide for gradual (over time) implementation
Mixed catalogs would provide for selective
FRBRization if necessary
Have a Pure or Mixed FRBRized Catalog?
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Design Considerations in FRBR
FRBRize button – converts any record to FRBR
Automatic linking between W-E-M records
Context sensitive validation for W-E-M records
Copying “whole” FRBR tree from catalog to catalog
Analyze catalog for FRBR candidates
Batch FRBRize the whole catalog (as in LC music)
UnFRBRize records for distribution & error correction
What Tools are Needed to Support Cataloging?
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Design Considerations in FRBR
FRBR expandable tree structure
Use of Icons
FRBR reverse tree structure
Music collections
Bound with
See examples that follow later
How to Display FRBR Records?
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Design Considerations in FRBR
Record sensitive displays – standard
records display different form FRBR
display
Collocation
Multilingual access based on FRBR data
Navigation – hence reverse tree
Circulation holds at W-E-M levels
What Features Would Users Like?
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VTLS Implementation
First FRBR customer was UCL in 2003
VTLS continues to create examples to
demonstrate the use of FRBR in library catalogs
Links to 12 examples on following slide
The complete PowerPoint presentation can be
found at:
http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml
FRBR Examples
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FRBR Examples
VTLS Implementation Cataloging OPAC
Related Works andSuper Works
Multi-Volume Set Series
Collected or Selected Works
Music Analytics Journal Indexing
Art exampleCirculation Requests at Work/Expression
Serials
Click Corresponding button for example
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FRBR Implementation
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FRBR Demonstration
Beethoven Example
Search on Author Beethoven
Select Symphonies no. 6
View record and notice FRBR hierarchy
Things to pay attention to now
Notice the 001 and 004 tags
Notice the 999 tag
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Beethoven Example
Search forBeethoven
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Beethoven Example
Select 6th
Symphony.(Could also
select5 Beethoven and then 6th Symphony)
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Beethoven Example
Result is a FRBR Work
record.(Expand tree by clicking on the plus sign)
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Beethoven Example
Tree is expanded to display FRBR Expressions. The 004 tag is the 001 of
the Work.
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Beethoven Example
Expanding the tree again displays the
FRBR Manifestations.
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VTLS FRBR Features
Single database can have FRBR and non-FRBR records
System is “aware” of record type and changes displays as needed
Display of FRBR records are in tree structure
Local level fields have values of W, E, and M to indicate type of FRBR record
001 and 004 used as linking tags
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FRBR OPAC
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FRBR OPAC
Screen captures of Virtua’s Web OPAC,
iPortal, are presented to show user
displays of a FRBR catalog.
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FRBR OPAC
Searchby title
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FRBR OPAC
Select 1st entry in List
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FRBR OPAC
Result is a shortrecord display.Click on FRBR
tree
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FRBR OPAC
Result is the FRBR tree withbrief info from
Work and Expressions
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FRBR OPAC
Expression hasbeen expanded
to displaybrief info fromManifestations
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FRBR OPAC
Manifestationrecord withone owning institution
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FRBR OPAC
Manifestationrecord with
several owning institutions
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FRBR Related Works and Super Works
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“… when the modification of a work
involves a significant degree of
independent … effort, the result is … a
new work.” FRBR, final report
Work to Work Links
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Types of different works:
Paraphrases
Rewritings
Adaptations for children
Musical variations on a theme
Abstracts, digests, and summaries
Adaptations from one form to another
Dramatizations (book to movie, play, etc.)
One graphic art medium to another
Work to Work Links
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A Super (or Supra) Work is a record that
has other works (sub works) related to it
For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren is
one FRBR Work, and the several movies that have
been created from the book are also separate FRBR
Works. The Super work is an artificial creation that
links all these related works together
Super Work
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Super Work
The Workrecord for the“Super” Work of Beau Geste
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Super Work
The treeexpanded to
show the“sub works”of the Super
Work
The Workrecord forthe novel
(a sub workof the Super
Work)
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Super Work
The Workrecord for the1939 movie(a sub workof the Super
Work)
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Super Work
The treeexpanded to
show theExpression
andManifestations
of the 1939movie
TheExpression
record for the1939 movie
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Super Work
TheWork recordfor the 1926
movie
The 1926movie also has
two othersub works:music anda Program
book
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Super Work
The treeexpanded
to show theManifestations
of the 1926movie
TheExpression
recordfor the 1926
movie
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Super Work
The treeexpanded
to show theExpression andManifestationsfor the music(a sub work)of the 1926
movie
TheManifestation
recordfor the musicof the1926
movie
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FRBR Circulation Requests
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With a traditional system when you had multiple editions of a particular title (Work) you had to place individual requests on each edition (Manifestation).
With a FRBR system, you only have to place a request at the Work or Expression level, and ANY item of ANY Manifestation will satisfy the request.
Circulation Requests
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Circulation Requests
Search forthe title
Action andPassion by
PercivalChristopher
Wren
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Circulation Requests
The WorkRecord forAction and
Passion
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Circulation Requests
TheExpressionrecord with
the treeExpanded to
show multipleManifestations.
You do not care which
Manifestationyou read.You just
want one.
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Circulation Requests
TheManifestations
in the nextfew examples
show thatitems exist in
differentlocations.
This location isthe MainLibrary.
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Circulation Requests
This locationis the
Mann Library
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Circulation Requests
This copy isin GreenValley
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Circulation Requests
ThisManifestation
has twocopies: Oneeach in theMain and
Law Libraries.
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Circulation Requests
Instead ofplacing a Biblevel request
at eachManifestation,
place therequest on
theExpression.
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Circulation Requests
The Request“wizard” isinvoked byclicking onthe “Add”
button
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Circulation Requests
Once therequest ismade, the
next time aqualifying
item isencountered,
it will betrapped. In
this example,an item is
beingdischarged
fromcirculation.
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Circulation Requests
TheCirculation
moduleresponds tothe Check-in
with amessage thatthe item has
a requeston it
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Circulation Requests
TheCheck-inwindow
displays theitems thathave beenchecked inand their
status
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Circulation Requests
To verifythat this isthe right
item (in ourFRBR requestexample) we
can eithersearch forAction andPassion orright click
and select toview the
item record
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Circulation Requests
The trappeditem is forthe title
Action andPassion
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Circulation Requests
We can lookat the FRBRbibliographicinformation
by rightclicking and
selectingBibliographic
Record
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Circulation Requests
The FBBRtree for
Action andPassion with
theManifestation
of thetrapped item
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FRBR Serials
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Atlantic Monthly
Five Title Changes (1857, 1932, 1971, 1981, 1993)
11 Bibliographic Records in OCLC
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Each of thefive basic
titles in the“family” of
AtlanticMonthly
is a “sub-work”under the
Super Work
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Each work hasa linking
field such asContinues
or…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Continuedby
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The Expressionlevel recordhas fields
forfrequency
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is theManifestationlevel recordwhich has
informationsuch as title,
page, imprint,LCCN and ISSN
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is anotherManifestation.
In this case, themicroform
edition of thelatest
incarnation ofAtlantic
Monthly isshown.
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The fully expandedtree shows
all of the Works,Expressions andManifestations.
There are 11Manifestations
which match the11 original
OCLC records.
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Whathappenswhen yousearch forAtlantic
Monthly?
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The result set is a listof the records;
Works andManifestationswhich have the
title AtlanticMonthly in them.
Selecting thesecond entry,
a Manifestation,results in…
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The tree expandedto the selected
record
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Notice that atsome point
AtlanticMonthly
absorbed twoother titles.If you click
on thehyperlink for
Putnam’smagazine…
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a result set ofrecords that have the title
of Putnam’s magazinein them.
If you select the lastentry on this screen…
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a FRBR treethat displays the
“family” of recordsfor Putnam’s
magazine.
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Selecting any of theWorks displays theinformation about
that Work andexpanding the
entries will displaythe Expressions
and Manifestations.
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
If we hadclicked on thehyperlink for
Galaxyinstead ofPutnam’s
magazine…
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Again, a resultset since more
than one recordhas the title,Galaxy, in it.Selecting thethird record…
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FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Resultsin a
non-FRBRrecordsince
there isonly onerecordfor thetitle,
Galaxy.There is
no“family”
ofrecords.
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Questions/Concerns
Linking fields
Need clearer, fuller definitions of WEM
Need to look at MARC tag mappings
Rules of Super Works
Can FRBR work with CR?
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For Librarians
CollocationBetter organization to catalog
Easier cataloging
Reduction in cataloging loadWork only cataloged once for all expressions under it
Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it
Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same
FRBR Benefits
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FRBR Benefits
Greater Benefits For Users
Collocation
Easier to find information
Single search retrieves all related materials even if
cataloged in different languages or different subject
headings
Easier to see the different expressions of a single
work
Gives a better global picture
Easier to find all manifestations
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Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level
rather than only at manifestation level
Better understanding of relationships
between related works or expressions
FRBR Benefits
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Virtua FRBR at UCL
Universite Catholique De Louvain (UCL)
has been a Virtua FRBR customer since
December of 2003
UCL moved to a consortium
environment in April of 2006
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UCL feedback on FRBR
• What UCL “likes” about FRBR “For the first time we have the ability for a ‘global’ representation of an ‘intellectual’ or ‘artistic’ universe” (English translation of a thought in French) “Collocation is tremendous” “Visualization of the content by the end user” “Accessibility to ‘big’ works like ‘Bible’”
“Very interesting for works of philosophers, great writers, and so on”
“Ability to extract FRBR records in a non FRBR format … for exchange of data” “Structural relationships from work to work”
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UCL feedback on FRBR
• What UCL “doesn’t like” so much “Difficulty” in getting precise information concerning different electronic ‘format’
“This is linked to the fact that Virtua/FRBR is MARC based and must live with the limitations of MARC”
“No way, at present, to identify a FRBR record in the index entries at the point of display”
VTLS comment : We think that this can be fixed.
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Advantages of FRBR (for UCL)
• FRBR is opening the road to “New methods for cataloging” “Analyzing deeply notion of ‘seriality’ and dynamic structure of electronic resources” “New model for authority data” “New model for subject authorities, thesauri, subject classification (facets)”
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Conclusion – Mood at UCL?
Overall : Quite happy with FRBR implementation
After three full years of experience they will never return to the old catalog
All new institutions joining the consortium are required to embrace the FRBR implementation – so there is no further debate about a mixed environement.
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FRBR – UCL Catalog Other Examples
• Other searches to tryTitle search: Also sprach Zarathustra
Take first entry on the title list
Title search: Chanson de RolandClick to next set and select entry with 13 hits; click on 13 th record
Title search: Communauté apostoliqueClick on first entry
Author search: Zola, EmileTake entry Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 Germinal
http://bib.sipr.ucl.ac.be/cgi-bin/gw_48_0_1f/chameleon?skin=wboreal
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Library Task List
Read FRBR documentation
Study FRBR implementations to see benefits for
library
If there is interest, start a FRBR program
Have VTLS run “Virtua FRBR Analysis Program” to determine what percentage of database records are good FRBR candidates
General results: 5-18 % range
FRBR Preparation
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Library Task List
Make purchasing decision for FRBR
Schedule one day FRBR cataloging training
Automatically convert selected records to FRBR
using Virtua programs
Check and correct auto conversion
Open FRBR catalog to public
Let the fun begin
Live happily ever after!!
FRBR Preparation
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FRBR
For further information or a copy of this presentation, please send an email to:
Jack Bazuzi: [email protected] Chachra: [email protected] Espley: [email protected]
For further information about VTLS, visit:www.vtls.com
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