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By: Alise Farrell

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Have multiple dictionaries available in

classroom.

Teach students how to use them and

encourage them to use them whenevernecessary.

Good resources- organized by topics

Electronic bilingual/multilingual dictionaries and

translations can be good resource

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If student doesn’t know how to write inEnglish, let them write in their L1.

Writing in L1 is better than no writing at all.

Students will write in English when they feel theyare ready.

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• Read aloud in native language: read thealternative-language book to ELL before readingEnglish version.

 – Make the book/audio available in literacy center

 – Make books available for students to readindependently or at home.

 – When students have the chance to read or listen tothe L1 version of the book, they will become familiarwith characters, setting, plot and concepts covered in

book.• Students will be able to make connections when read

book in English

• Don’t read L1 and English back to back.

• Comprehensible input will be maximized

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 – Native books• Have students check out of library to read at home with

parents• Reading is reading, no matter what language it’s in• Being read to at home/reading at home in L1 promotes

literacy development• Parents can participate in education• Literacy/linguistic skills can eventually transfer from L1

to English

 – Dual Language Books: text appears above one anotheror side by side or on opposite pages•

Teachers, students, and parents can read together• Recordings can be made in both languages

 – Could be made by student in L1• Easy to find• Students can create their own dual language books

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Send home monthly or weekly letters to

parents describing what students are learning

in class

Suggest ways they can help Can be sent home in native language

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• Students who are proficient in both English

and native language are good source of PLS.

 – Buddies to help orient new students/struggling

students to classroom and school routines

 – Seating arrangements- low-level ELLs seated next

to bilingual or placed in groups/partners

together

• Provide clarification and assistance

• Be careful new ELL doesn’t fully depend on buddy fortranslating all the time

 – Congruent translation

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• Many educational software programs come withbuilt-in PLS (mostly in Spanish, but can be madeinto other languages) – Run program in other language

 – Provide translations and explanations to help studentsinteract with program in English• Translations can be provided for single words, phrases,

sentences, and even entire documents• Microsoft translation languages: French, German, Italian,

Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, Dutch, Greek,Portuguese, and Russian

• Internet provides translations for over 100 languages – BE CAREFUL can have lots of errors!

 – Growing number of educational websites includebilingual interfaces• On-line stories and activities