diffrent stake holders role

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Role of DifferentStakeholders

in Disaster ManagementA Presentation By

Nadaf H R

Jai Gurudev College of SocialWork, Bijapur

[email protected]

Cell No-9901917127

Dt-07/04/2012
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Introduction

Disaster management is acomparatively new area of socialconcern and practice. However, it isvery relevant concern for development

co-operation given that naturaldisasters have devastated anincreasing number of regions,destroyed investments and set backprogress in development. The world isbecoming increasingly vulnerable tonatural disasters. From earthquakes tofloods and famines, mankind is evenmore threatened by the forces ofnature.


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Introduction

Nearly three million people worldwidemay have been killed in past 20 yearsdue to natural disasters such aslandslides, earthquakes, floods,snow

avalanches, cyclones etc.Ninetypercent of the natural disasters andninety five percent of the total disasterrelated deaths worldwide occur in

developing countries in which Indiahas the second largest share.Prevention is better than cure, isan old saying which is very apt in thecontext of disaster management and


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DefinitionA)Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great

damage, loss, destruction and devastation to

life and property. The damage caused by disaster isimmeasurable and varies with the geographical location,climate and the type of the earth surface/degree ofvulnerability. This influences the mental,socio-

economic,political and cultural state of the affected area.Generally, disaster has the following effects in the

concerned areas-

1)It completely disrupts the normal day-to-day life.

2)It negatively influences the emergency systems.3Normal needs and processes like food,shelter,health,etc

are affected & deteriorate depending on the intensityand severity of the disaster.

B)WHO defines disaster as any occurrence that causes


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Main Features

A disaster may have the followingmain features:

1.Unpredictability

2.Unfamiliarity

3.Speed

4.Urgency5.Uncertainty

6.Threat


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Types of disasters

Generally, disaster are of twotypes:

1.Natural

2.Manmade

Based on the devastation, these are further

classified into major/minor natural andmanmade disasters. Some of the disastersare listed below:


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Types of disastersA) Major Natural disasters-

Earthquake , Draught, Flood, Cyclone

Landslides, Tsunami

B) Minor Natural disasters- Cold wave

Thunderstorms

Heat waves

Mud slides

Storm


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ContC) Major Manmade disaster-

Setting of fires

Epidemic Deforestation

Pollution due to prawn cultivation

Chemical pollution Wars

D) Minor Manmade disasters-

Road/train accidents, riots

Food poisoning

Industrial disaster/crisis

Environmental pollution


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Social Effects of natural disasters

Natural disaster affect people first &foremost. Even if a disaster does notkill anyone, emotional & physicaleffects of the population still harm

people well after the actual disaster.Some survivors will likely sufferpermanent physical disabilities &

psychological conditions, such aspost-traumatic stress syndrome.

Workers who suffer frompsychological conditions & disabilitiesnot be as roductive as the were


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Four phases of activityThe disaster management phases illustrated here do

not always, or even generally, occurs in isolationor in this precise order. Often phases of the cycleoverlap and the length of each phase greatlydepends on the severity of the disaster.


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1 Mitigation: minimizing the effects ofdisaster.

Ex-vulnerability analyses, publiceducation.

2 Preparedness: planning how to

respond.

Ex-preparedness plans, emergencytraining.

3 Response: efforts to minimize thehazards created by a disaster.

Ex-search and rescue, emergency

relief.


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The roles and services of DifferentStakeholders

The Indian Sub continent is highly prone tonatural disasters. For sustainablereduction Government of India(GOI)with

support from United Nations developmentProgram(UNDP)has started the DisasterRisk Management Program in 169 mostvulnerable districts in 17 states of India.

The program essentially aims atstrengthening community local self-governments and district administrations,response, preparedness and mitigation

measures. The different stakeholders in


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1)Role of Government agencies

a) Central Government (Policy)

Short term measures (Resource mobilization,

Facilitation Special inputs) Long term measures (Monitoring, preparedness

and preventive measures, international assistance,development initiatives)

2)State Government (Strategies and Planning) Resource mobilization

Co-ordination

Preparedness


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District Administration(Implementation andCoordination)

Immediate response

Military assistance

Epidemics management Coordinating outside relief

Special relief

Administration relief


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Medical care

Salvage

Disposal of dead bodies Information

Training to local artisans and

supervision in proper technologies


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Technical advise for disaster resistance,construction and repair through pamphlet,vernacular languages

Establishment of building with costeffective

Construction of demonstration unit

Prepare by laws through necessaryle islation


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Role of Panchayat Raj Institutions inDisaster Management Program

People participation in disastermanagement

Channels for NGOs

Preparedness

Emergency Mitigation

Storage of needy things Communication with different Stake

holders like Dist Admn, State &

Central Govt


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The roles and services ofvoluntary organizations

Voluntary organizations provide a myriad of essentialservices to disaster -affected individuals, families andcommunities throughout mitigation, preparedness,response and recovery-

1.Advocacy-agencies may also act as advocates for

change by representing the needs of the community tolocal and state government. 2.Bulk distribution-some agencies purchase and

distribute basic commodities in bulk, these supplyusually cannot be purchased locally because stores andother merchandising outlets are closed due to the

disaster. 3.Childcare-some agencies establish and professionally

staff temporary childcare center's for victims ofdisaster.

4.Community disaster education-some agencies are

involved in community disaster education. ex-theydistribute pamphlets, give presentations, arrange


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Cont..

5.Counselling-agencies provide individual and family

counseling and support.

6.Disaster Planning-some voluntary agencies workwith communities before disaster occur to helpthem take steps to minimize the effects of disaster.

7.Elder care-some agencies provide a variety ofsupport services such as transportation, advocacy,casework, counselling and entertainment to theelderly population.

8.Emergency assistance-some agencies provideemergency assistance immediately following adisaster including food, clothing, shelter, first aid,medical care etc.

9.Funeral services


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10.Healthcare

11.International services

12.Mitigation Planning-mitigation planning is arelatively new role for voluntary agencies.

13.Special needs-some agencies assist in identifyingpopulations that have special needs i.e. disabled,orphaned, elderly etc. and meeting those needs.

14.Volunteer assistance-some agencies providetrained volunteers to support response andrecovery activities and co-ordinate spontaneous,

unaffiliated volunteers.

15. Prepare a profile of the community and itsneighborhood in case of natural disasters

16. Right assessment of risk vulnerability


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17. Identification of individuals and communityresources

18. Identification of lack in knowledge or resourcesthat will impede effective emergency response

19. Periodical mock drills to test the plan and updateit are of

paramount importance

20. People participation

21. Education and awareness building


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Local Groups

Identify risks and consequences riskassessment

Risk assessment variables are; hazard

intensity and vulnerability Identify vulnerable disasters

Vulnerability can be reduced by preparing

people and by preparing shelters andinfrastructure

Prepare audio-visual films to show indifferent set up school, college etc.


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Health and Medical Care

Medical First Responders

Medical Assistant Team

Mobile hospitals Hospital preparedness for mass

causalities

Search and Rescue units Epidemic prevention

Trauma counseling


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Communications andMedia

Awareness and dissemination

Emergency communication

Link scientists disaster mitigation officials and

public Educate people

Check approaching hazards

Alert authorities

Warn the people most likely to be affected Assess damage

Collect information, supplies and other resources

Coordinate rescue and relief activities

Account for missing people


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Educational Institutions

Assisting GO and NGO in disasterrelief

Involvement ofNSS/NCC/Scouts/Guides students

Involvement of MSW students

Developing curriculum andawareness building

Offering degree in disastermanagement


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Police and Para-Militaryforces

Reaching the site of disaster to carryout relief &rescue operations

Coordination with other agencies

Security and law and order at disaster locations Prevent cognizable offenses

Transmission communication system

Medical assistance and supplies

Evacuation Serial search

Food supply

Debris clearance

Insect and rodent control

sas er managemen as a


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sas er managemen as acomponent of

Corporate Social

Responsibility(CSR)The CSR 2002 survey, India found that a majority ofthe respondents did not regard socialresponsibility as the exclusive domain ofgovernment and passive philanthropy alone no

longer constitutes CSR.

Proactive participation by the corporate sector indisaster preparedness and mitigation has in recent

years become an inalienable aspect of CSR.


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Social Workers

Guide: Guiding others in systematic way andimpart training in disaster management

Informer: Giving adequate data and informationregarding relief measures and Work to diverting

minds from illegal bases so as to stop rumorswhich destroy mental peace

Facilitator: Help children (weaker section) duringand after as they always worst hit

Advocacy: Advocating with Dist Admn, Govtauthorities, funding Agencies, TechnicalConsultancies.

Net worker: Build Professional associations and

should involve network


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Social Workers

Counselor: Counselling the affecters and survivors.

Coordinator: Coordinate with different StakeHolders

Motivator: Motivate people to mitigate, recoveryand prepared to disaster

Educator: Educate people on the various issues ofDisaster

Negotiator: Negotiate between different StakeHolders and service provider

Service Provider: Providing the needy service tothe affected community ( Social services)

Community Organizers: Organizing the communityto face, rescue and safe uard them.


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Social workers Approach

Goal-to help rebuild dignified living for victims

Strategies-community building to foster socialcohesion and mutual help

Approach- grassroots participation-sense of

ownership to ideas and agreed schedule ofresettlement.

Adopt a community organization approach inmobilizing mutual help and mutual watch amongthe misplaced population. Give them goals andtargets, eg-forming food teams, cleansing teams,etc.

Psychological support to Affected people &survivors

Initial Phase-Social worker can help to calm people


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THANK YOU

JAI HIND

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