digestion in ruminants & rodents
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Digestion inRuminants &
Rodents
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Ruminants
Herbivore
mammals
Eg. Cow, goat,giraffe, deer
Feed on plant
- cellulose
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Rodents..
Rabbits
and rats
family
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Digestive System of
Ruminants Feed on plant cellulose
Need cellulase to digest it
But ruminants do not produce
cellulase
However their digestive system arespecially adapted to carry out
cellulose digestion
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Ruminants..
Has a stomach with 4 chambers:
1. rumen
2. reticulum3. omasum
4. abomasum
Carry out rumination process of
regurgitating food and rechewing it
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Ruminants..
Rumen
- first & largest compartment
- contain bacteria that producedcellulase for the cellulose
digestion
- function as the fermentation
chamber
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Organisms in rumen
http://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0288.jpghttp://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0288.jpghttp://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0290.jpghttp://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0293.jpghttp://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0281.jpghttp://4hgarden.msu.edu/kidstour/zoo/zac0278.jpg -
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Ruminants..
Reticulum
- also contains bacteria for
digestion- content of reticulum called cud
- regurgitation occurs
- has a honeycomb wall
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Ruminants..
Omasum
- reswallowed cud will be sent
here- large particle are broken
down by peristalsis
- water is removed
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Abomasum
- true stomach of the ruminants
- gastric juice containing
digestive enzymes
- HCl and pepsin
Ruminants..
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Flow of food in ruminant
mouth
oesophagus
rumen mouth
omasum
reticulum
abomasum
regurgitationfermentation
curd swallow
swallow
- H2O
chyme
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rumen
reticulum
abomasum
omasum
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Digestive System of Rodents
Theircaecum andappendix are
enlarged to store the
cellulase producing
bacteria
Food pass the
alimentary canal
twice
- first as food
- then as soft faeces
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Soft and watery
faeces usually
produced at night
Eaten again
Pass out as hard anddry faeces during
the day
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Rat digestive system
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Rats caecum
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Flow of food in rodents
mouth
oesophagus
stomach caecum
anus
Small
intestine
swallow
Re-eat the faeces to absorb more nutrient
Digest
cellulose
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Eaten again? Why??
to enable the
animals to absorb the
products of bacterialbreakdown
allow rodent to
recover the nutrientsinitially lost with the
faeces
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Eaten again? Why??
nutrient is absorb in the small intestine
but in rats, the microorganism that help
to digest cellulose is in the caecum, the
food must pass the small intestine beforeentering the caecum
So the faeces eliminate is actually soft
and rich in nutrientThats why they have to re-eat the
faeces in order to absorb all the nutrients
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PROBLEMS WITH FOOD
DIGESTION
INCOMPLETE DIGESTION
Excessive intake of food and oily food cause severe pain in
the stomach, nausea, vomitting & bloated stomach.
REDUCED PRODUCTION OF ENZYME
Difficulty in digestion lactose in adult, damage of pancreas
will reduce of amylase, trypsin & lipase enzyme.
FORMATION OF GALLSTONE
Excessive intake of fatty food cause gallstone that block the
bile duct , preventing bile to be channeled out. As a result
lipids cannot be emulsified.