digestion intro and vocab. marshmallow video

Digestion Intro and Vocab

Marshmallow VIDEO• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfOyLuknD_4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfOyLuknD_4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfOyLuknD_4

mouth esophagus stomach

small intestine liver large intestine

Points to Ponder About Digestion

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Digestion Vocabulary

• Villi• tiny, hair-like parts growing out of the mucous

membrane of the small intestine, that aid in absorbing certain substances

• Amino acids• end product of protein digestion

• Fatty acids• end product of fat digestion

• Glycerol• syrupy liquid which is the end product of fats and

oil 4



• Blood plasma• part of the blood that stores protein

• Absorption• process of taking digested food, oxygen, and

nutrients into the bloodstream by osmosis• Digestion

• breakdown of food eaten• Peristalsis

• wave-like contractions of the alimentary canal or other tubular organs by which its contents are moved onward 5



• Calorie• food energy burned during digestion/absorption

• Enzymes• complex substance produced in living cells which

help break down food so that it can be digested

• Ptyalin• enzyme contained in the saliva of human beings

which converts starch into dextrin and maltose, thus aiding digestion

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• Duodenum• first part of the small intestine

• Jejunum• middle division of the small intestine

• Ileum• third and largest division of the small intestine

• Bile• digestive juice produced in the liver, stored in the

gall- bladder and helps to break down fats and promote absorption

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• Here the food is softened by saliva and crushed by the teeth (chewing) into smaller pieces. The enzyme ptyalin found in saliva helps to break down complex carbohydrates (starches into simple carbohydrates (sugars). For this reason, a starchy food, such as a saltine cracker, will taste sweet as the starch is broken down in the mouth. Food stays here 1-2 minutes.

Mouth


• After food is swallowed, it is moved by the esophagus to the stomach. The esophagus is approximately 12 inches long. Peristaltic waves move food along the entire digestive tract. Food stays here 4-6 seconds.

Esophagus


• Food is churned through peristaltic waves and broken down by gastric juices which include hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. As the stomach churns food, pepsin and hydrochloric acid work to break down protein. Liquids are digested quickly. In contrast, solids may take approximately four hours to digest. Foods that are chewed well leave the stomach more easily than large pieces. Fats stay in the stomach the longest and provide satiety or satisfaction. Food stays here 1-6 hours.

Stomach


Rectum / Anus

• After leaving the stomach, food enters the upper part of the small intestine called the duodenum. Food is mixed and combined with digestive chemicals: bile from the liver, pancreatic juice from the pancreas, intestinal fluids, and enzymes. Food is broken down into nutrients the body can use:• Carbohydrates change to the simple sugar, glucose. • Fats change to fatty acids which provide energy and glycerol.• Proteins change to amino acids.• Vitamins and minerals remain basically unchanged.

• The small intestine is lined with hair-like projections called villi. Villi filter and absorb the materials from the small intestine. The nutrients are moved to the blood vessels and carried to the liver. Villi then help move the waste products to the large intestine. Food stays here 2-9 hours.

Small Intestine


• The liver manufactures, changes, and stores nutrients and chemicals needed by the body. The liver turns glucose, a simple sugar used for energy, into glycogen, a form of sugar, for storage. The liver converts glycogen to glucose and sends it to the bloodstream when the body needs it. The liver recycles iron and worn-out blood cells from the blood.

Liver


• Bacteria needed for digestion and formation of certain vitamins is found here. In the large intestine, water is absorbed and sent to the kidneys. Fiber from food absorbs some of that water, however, and helps to soften waste so it is eliminated more easily. Waste products (bacteria, excess nutrients, and what is left of the food) are excreted. Approximately 10 percent of the food eaten ends up as waste. Food stays here 1-3 days.


digestion intro and vocab. marshmallow video

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