Digestive System

Nutrition: Is the process of acquiring and processing nutrients into a body usable form.

Nutrients: Substances that provide the body with its basic needs, including energy and raw materials to synthesize the molecules of life.

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Vitamins

• Minerals

calorie: Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gr of a substance 1 °C.

1Kcal= 1 food-Calorie

(Calorie)

NutrientsNutrient Function Calories/

gramFood that contain

themCarbohydrates Provide immediate

energy4 Kcal Cereals, fruits, flours

Lipids: - Phospholipids - Triglycerides - Cholesterol

-concentrated energy-Hormones -membranes

9 Kcal Milk, cheese, butter, cream, meat

Proteins Synthesize new cells: tissues, muscles, membranes

4 Kcal Meat, milk, eggs, nuts, soy

Vitamins Help to regulate body functions

Fruits and vegetables

Minerals Bone and teeth development

Fruits and vegetables

Lipids Molecules that contain long chain of carbon

atoms Insoluble in water PhospholipidsPhospholipids: components of all cellular

membranes Triglycerides (fats)Triglycerides (fats): used as a source of energy CholesterolCholesterol: used in the synthesis of cellular

membranes, sex hormones and bile

Carbohydrate: mostly sugars, pasta Protein: Group of amino acids used to

synthesize new cells Amino acid: subunit of which proteins are

made. Vitamin: should be in small amount in the

body. Not generated by the body, mostly gotten from food.

Mineral: also in small amount, taken from food, water.

Classwork: In your notebook do a chart including the

specific mineral, its function and the risk if not consuming it.

Calcium -Bone and tooth formation- Blood clotting- nerve impulse transmission

-Osteoporosis- stunted growth- convulsions

Phosphorus

Potassium

Ingestion

Digestion

Process of physically and chemically breaking down food.

Process of getting the food into the digestive system through the mouth

Digestive Process

Digestive Process

1. Ingestion2. Mechanical Breakdown3. Chemical Breakdown4. Absorption5. Elimination

Mechanical breakdown: The food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth.

Chemical breakdown: Enzymes and digestive fluids break down small pieces of food intro smaller subunits.

digestion

glucose

amino acids

lipids

Absorption: the small subunits are transported out of the digestive cavity into cells.

Elimination: indigestible materials are expelled from the body

Human Digestive System

Pharynx

esophagus

liver

gallbladder

ascending colon (large intestine)

Rectum

descending colon (large intestine)

pancreas

stomach

small intestine

Salivary glands

fill the following chart.

Organ FunctionPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestine (Colon)RectumLiverPancreasgallbladder