digestive system. digestion introduction physical digestion chemical digestion hepatic portal system

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Digestive System

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Page 1: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestive System

Page 2: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestion

• Introduction

• Physical Digestion

• Chemical Digestion

• Hepatic Portal System

Page 3: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestive System: Overview

Figure 24.1

Page 4: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestive Process

Figure 24.2

Page 5: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.3

Page 6: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Essential Activities of Digestion

Figure 24.3a, b

Page 7: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestive Process

Figure 24.2

Page 8: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Mouth & Tongue

Figure 24.7a

Page 9: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Salivary Glands II

Figure 24.9a

Page 10: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Teeth

Figure 24.10.2

Page 11: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Digestive Processes in the Mouth

• Food is ingested

• Mechanical digestion begins mastication

• Propulsion is initiated by swallowing

• Salivary amylase

Page 12: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Deglutition (Swallowing)

Figure 24.13a-c

Page 13: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Thought Question

Page 14: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Esophagus

Figure 24.13d, e

Page 15: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Stomach

Figure 24.14a

Page 16: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.17

Page 17: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Thought Question

Page 18: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Regulation of Gastric Secretion

• Stimulatory and inhibitory events occur in three phases– Cephalic (reflex) phase

– Gastric phase

– Intestinal phase

Page 19: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Cephalic Phase

• Excitatory events include:

• Inhibitory events include:

• Inputs come from olfactory receptors and taste buds hypothalamus vagal nuclei parasympathetic ganglion

Page 20: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System
Page 21: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Gastric Phase

• Excitatory events include:

• Inhibitory events include:

• Chemicals released– Gastrin

– Ach

– Histamine

Page 22: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Regulation and Mechanism of HCl Secretion

Figure 24.17

Page 23: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Gastric Contractile Activity

Figure 24.18

Page 24: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System
Page 25: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Intestinal Phase

• Excitatory phase

• Inhibitory phase

Page 26: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Regulation of Gastric Emptying

Figure 24.19

Page 27: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System
Page 28: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Microscopic Anatomy of the Small Intestine

Figure 24.21a-c

Page 29: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.8

Page 30: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.27

Page 31: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.32

Page 32: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.7

Page 33: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Large Intestine

Figure 24.29a

Page 34: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Chemical Digestion Carbohydrates

Page 35: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.7

Page 36: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Chemical Digestion Protein

• Stomach– Pepsinogen Pepsin

• Small Intestine– Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase– Brush Border Enzymes – Aminopeptidases– Carboxypeptidases

Page 37: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Thought Question

Page 38: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.7

Page 39: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Chemical Digestion: Nucleic Acids

• Hydrolyzed to their nucleotide monomers by pancreatic nucleases present in pancreatic juice

• Absorption: active transport via membrane carriers– Absorbed in villi and transported to liver via hepatic

portal vein

• Enzymes used: pancreatic ribonucleases and deoxyribonuclease in the small intestines

Page 40: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Chemical Digestion of Fats

Page 41: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.9

Page 42: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.10

Page 43: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Figure 15.11

Page 44: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Fatty Acid Absorption

Figure 24.36

Page 45: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Pancreatic Enzymes

Page 46: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Hepatic Portal System

Page 47: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Thought Question

Page 48: Digestive System. Digestion Introduction Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Hepatic Portal System

Summary

• Introduction

• Physical Digestion

• Chemical Digestion

• Hepatic Portal System