Digestive SystemThe Digestive System is made up of ___________ that are responsible for the _______________ and __________________ breakdown of food. This process results in ________________ which can be_______________ and _____________________to the cells.

organsmechanical

chemical

moleculesabsorbedtransported

A. The digestive system processes food to supply the body with ______________ and building _____________________. The process for this is _____________, __________________, __________________, and _____________________.

B. The organs through which food passes are: 1. Mouth where _______________________ breakdown of food starts with the grinding and cutting action of ________________. ________________ breakdown starts with the _________________ which contains the enzyme ____________________ which breaks down ________________ into ________________. The ___________________ mixes the food and ________________ together.

2. Esophagus – a tube connecting the______________ to the __________________.

The food is moved through this by a squeezingaction called _______________________.

energymaterials ingestion

digestion absorption elimination

mechanicalteeth Chemical

salivaamylase starchsugar tonguesaliva

mouthstomach

peristalsis

3. Stomach – a muscular bag where both ________________ and ______________digestion takes place. Food is mixed mechanically by the muscular walls of thestomach and food is broken down chemically by _____________ ________ and__________________ made by the cells in the ___________ of the stomach. Thestomach is lined with _____________ which protects it from the strong______________ ____________. After 4 hours, the food mixture called __________leaves the stomach.

4. Small Intestine – a 7 meter long tube where ____________ mixes with digestivejuices from the _____________ and _________________. The molecules resultingfrom the breakdown are absorbed into the __________ ____________ through____________ in the walls of the small intestine. Chyme is moved through theintestine by___________________.This takes 4-10 hours.

mechanical chemical

enzymeshydrochloric acid

wallsmucus

digestive juices chyme

chymeliver pancreas

small intestinevilli

peristalsis

a. Other organs aiding in digestion:1. Liver – makes ____________ (____________)

which is stored in the ___________ ___________ until needed. This breaks up _______ into smaller molecules.

2. Pancreas – makes ______________ and substances that stop the action of the stomach ________. Also produces _______________ that break down _______________________, ___________, and ________________.

5. Large intestine – the main job is to _____________ _____________ fromundigestable food which is recycled back into the body. The remaining substances(______________ and _______________) become more solid. Muscles in the _______________ and ___________ control the release of these wastes called_______________.

bile greengall bladder

fat

insulin

acid enzymescarbohydrates

fats protein

absorb water

cellulose bacteriarectum anusfeces

Nutrition – There are ___ main nutrients (molecules from food necessary to supply___________ and ______________ _______________ for organisms). _______________is the sum of all the _________________ _______________ that take place in the body,and is influenced by _________________, _________________, and ____________.

1. Carbohydrates – the main source of ________________ for your body, which is released from carbohydrates during the process of ___________________.

Ex: _______________, ______________, and _____________________

2. Proteins – used in the body for ________________, as _________________, and in ______________ and ____________________ of body cells. They are made up of chains of ____________ ____________. Your body can make ____ of these, but the other 8, called _________________ ___________ __________, must be supplied by _______________.

3. Fats – provide ______________ (even more than carbohydrates per gram), and storage of some __________________ (___, ___, ___, and ___). Fats can be ________________ or _________________. Fats cushion internal ____________.

4. Vitamins – organic coenzymes needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients. Eating a wide variety of foods usually supplies all the vitamins needed by the body. Vitamins can be either _______- soluble or __________ - soluble.

6energy building materials Metabolism

chemical reactionshormones exercise diet

energyrespiration

starch sugar cellulose

growth enzymesrepair replacement

amino acids 14essential amino acids

food

energyvitamins A D E K

saturated unsaturated organs

fat water

5. Minerals – inorganic (____-____________) nutrients that regulate many chemicalreactions in the body.

non carbon

6. Water – next to oxygen, this is the most important nutrient for survival. Other nutrientsare carried through the body __________________ in water. _____________ areremoved from the body while _________________ in water. The body is ___________%water, which is found in and around ___________ and in ______________ and in______________. It is also lost through _________, _______________, _____________,and the _______________ ________________ (_________).

Food Groups1. Vegetable - Fruit Groups - ____ daily servings.

Examples: 2. Meat Group - ____ daily servings Examples:

3. Grain Group - ____ daily servings Examples:

4. Dairy (Milk) Group - ____ daily servings Examples:

dissolved Wastesdissolved 60-75

cells plasmalymph feces skin (sweat) exhalation

excretory system urine

4

2

4

4

Digestive SystemThe Digestive System is made up of ___________ that are responsible for the _______________ and __________________ breakdown of food. This process results in ________________ which can be_______________ and _____________________to the cells.

A. The digestive system processes food to supply the body with ______________ and building _____________________. The process for this is _____________, __________________, __________________, and _____________________.

B. The organs through which food passes are: 1. Mouth where _______________________ breakdown of food starts with the grinding and cutting action of ________________. ________________ breakdown starts with the _________________ which contains the enzyme ____________________ which breaks down ________________ into ________________. The ___________________ mixes the food and ________________ together.

2. Esophagus – a tube connecting the______________ to the __________________.

The food is moved through this by a squeezingaction called _______________________.

3. Stomach – a muscular bag where both ________________ and ______________digestion takes place. Food is mixed mechanically by the muscular walls of thestomach and food is broken down chemically by _____________ ________ and__________________ made by the cells in the ___________ of the stomach. Thestomach is lined with _____________ which protects it from the strong______________ ____________. After 4 hours, the food mixture called __________leaves the stomach.

4. Small Intestine – a 7 meter long tube where ____________ mixes with digestivejuices from the _____________ and _________________. The molecules resultingfrom the breakdown are absorbed into the __________ ____________ through____________ in the walls of the small intestine. Chyme is moved through theintestine by ___________________.This takes 4-10 hours.

a. Other organs aiding in digestion:1. Liver – makes ____________ (____________)

which is stored in the ___________ ___________ until needed. This breaks up _______ into smaller molecules.

2. Pancreas – makes ______________ and substances that stop the action of the stomach ________. Also produces _______________ that break down _______________________, ___________, and ________________.

5. Large intestine – the main job is to _____________ _____________ fromundigestable food which is recycled back into the body. The remaining substances(______________ and _______________) become more solid. Muscles in the _______________ and ___________ control the release of these wastes called_______________.

Nutrition – There are ___ main nutrients (molecules from food necessary to supply___________ and ______________ _______________ for organisms). _______________is the sum of all the _________________ _______________ that take place in the body,and is influenced by _________________, _________________, and ____________.

1. Carbohydrates – the main source of ________________ for your body, which is released from carbohydrates during the process of ___________________.

Ex: _______________, ______________, and _____________________

2. Proteins – used in the body for ________________, as _________________, and in ______________ and ____________________ of body cells. They are made up of chains of ____________ ____________. Your body can make ____ of these, but the other 8, called _________________ ___________ __________, must be supplied by _______________.

3. Fats – provide ______________ (even more than carbohydrates per gram), and storage of some __________________ (___, ___, ___, and ___). Fats can be ________________ or _________________. Fats cushion internal ____________.

4. Vitamins – organic coenzymes needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients. Eating a wide variety of foods usually supplies all the vitamins needed by the body. Vitamins can be either _______- soluble or __________ - soluble.

5. Minerals – inorganic (____-____________) nutrients that regulate many chemicalreactions in the body.

6. Water – next to oxygen, this is the most important nutrient for survival. Other nutrientsare carried through the body __________________ in water. _____________ areremoved from the body while _________________ in water. The body is ___________%water, which is found in and around ___________ and in ______________ and in______________. It is also lost through _____________, __________, _____________,and the _______________ ________________ (_________).

Food Groups1. Vegetable - Fruit Groups - ____ daily servings.

Examples: 2. Meat Group - ____ daily servings Examples:

3. Grain Group - ____ daily servings Examples:

4. Dairy (Milk) Group - ____ daily servings Examples: