digital electronics 2 - transistors introduction to cad naehyuck chang [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
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Transistor (1) PNP and NPN Transistors
Silicon transistors Germanium transistors
Theory of operation
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Transistor (2) Types of transistor
Low/high frequency Low/high power
Field effect transistor
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Ideal inverter Basic primitive gate
Rail-to-rail swing 1/2 VDD threshold Zero output impedance Infinite slew rate Zero propagate delay Characteristics
Propagation delay TPD Rise time TR Fall time TF Output characteristics
VOH, VOL, ROH and ROL
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RTL Fast 1 to 0 transition Slow 0 to 1 transition Low ROL High ROH Fan-out sensitive VOH Quiescent power consumption
when output is 0.
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DTL Less fan-out sensitive VOH Improved threshold Worse 0 to 1
transition delay Improved
quiescentpowerconsumption
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Emitter common switch Emitter common switch
Saturation Fast turn on Slow turn off
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TTL (contd.) Evolution from RTL
Fast 1 to 0 transition? Slow 0 to 1 transition? Low ROL? High ROH? Fan-out sensitive VOH? Quiescent power consumption
when output is 0?
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TTL (contd.)
Threshold voltage Input current
when logic is high/when logic is low Quiescent power consumption
when logic is high/when logic is low Totem pole output stage
Diode and resistor VOH/VOL, ROH/ROL
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Note: Some figures are from Microelectronic Circuits fourth edition by Sedra and Smith, Oxford.