digital participatory budgeting in latin america
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Models for Citizen engagement in Latin American – Case studies of
Public Digital Budgeting
Ricardo MatheusManuella Ribeiro
Public Policy Management University of São Paulo - USP
Instituto Pólis
Purpose
Study the relationship between information and communication technologies and local governance. For that will be studied the
experiences of the use of Internet in participatory budgeting
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Metodology
The literature search on the key concepts, discussion of the relationship between local governance and citizen participation, and presentation of experiences that produce findings on the impacts of the use of ICTs in participatory processes.
Experiences are under a project carried out by Network Logolink called "ELECTRONIC LOCAL GOVERNANCE: LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES" and coordinated by the Office Pólis and Logolink, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Theoretical FrameworkGovernance
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Theoretical Framework Citizen Rights(VAZ, 2005)
Concept of E-governance
Is the phenomenom of the improvement quality, efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and oversight of government entities.
However, according to RIBEIRO (2008), e-governance can go beyond the availability of government information, with the universalization of public service and serving as a conduit of information and seamless communication and remote management policy and population
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Theoretical Framework Citizen Rights (VAZ, 2005)
Right to information of particular interest: refers to providing information on the Administration of both general and individual, and strictly linked to transparency;
Right to public services: they refer to activities that facilitate access to public services, for example, the provision of information for access to public services; Right to own time: it refers to access to services offered by the government to reduce "time spent by citizens on travel arrangements and to use public services, applications of information technology can expand access to the right to enjoy yourself with free time .
Right to be heard: the existence of channels that receive suggestions, questions, complaints, among other issues the public, but does not necessarily imply participation in the decisions. This research considers the use of the Internet in the OP as a way of promoting the right to participation in public management.
Right to participation in public management: refers to the possibility of participation and interaction of citizens with the decisions of government;
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Theoretical Framework Citizen Rights (VAZ, 2005)
Right to social control of the government: "(...) is directly linked to the promotion of transparency, to monitor the formulation of policies and initiatives of government by citizens and their organizations. Creates conditions for the establishment of relations of trust between rulers and ruled and gave legitimacy to the actions of the latter. On the other hand, requires the existence of mechanisms of accountability of government actions "(VAZ, 2003).
Participatory Budget
Proposed the direct participation of citizens in setting priorities in public investment.
Digital Participatory Budget
Using the ICT in the Participatory Budget.
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Cases of Digital Participatory Budget in Brazil
1. Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, South Region
2. Ipatinga, State of Minas Gerais, Southeast Region
3. Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Southeast Region
4. Recife, State of Pernambuco, Northeast Region
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Cases of Digital Participatory Budget in Brazil
1- Monitoring of Participatory Budget
Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, South Region
Experience started in 1989.
Using the Internet as a tool to provide information on the implementation and progress of works and services performed through the Participatory Budget since 1990.
The monitoring of the site is an information added to the Participatory Budget to ensure control over its implementation and an important resource for its transparency. Allows the monitoring and greater social control by any citizen of the works and services in the municipality PB.
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Cases of Digital Participatory Budget in Brazil
2. Coleta de demandas do OP pela Internet
Ipatinga, State of Minas Gerais, Southeast Region
From 2001 it was incorporated as an indication of PB demands on the Internet.
All the people registered on the site may indicate the priority for the PB.
May indicate priorities citizens with residence in Ipatinga and people over 16 years. For people without Internet access, computers were available in public places the city and supported by local authority staff were helping people, explaining how to use the site to indicate their priorities for the Participatory Budget.
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Cases of Digital Participatory Budget in Brazil
4. Online voting
Recife, State of Pernambuco, Northeast Region
Since 2007 in the OP of Recife, capital of Pernambuco State, you can vote by Internet in Participatory Budget. The Internet is part of traditional PB, which is held annually and allows voting in the 10 works have focused on micro-regions of the municipality.
The shares voted by Internet and electronic ballot boxes have all been accredited in the regional sessions. The votes are counted by the Internet added to the votes of sessions and electronic ballot boxes. In the year 2008, the citizen can choose one of 180 shares voted in the 18 micro-regions, taking the opportunity to change the order of priorities. In 2008 voted by Internet 22,856 people, approximately 25% of participants in this cycle of PB.
Limits and Challenges
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Internet can enhance citizen participation?
•E-Participatory Budgeting can enlarge number of participants New public (young, middle class).
•Stimulates new forms of mobilization.
•Resistance of Presencial Participatory Budgeting participants: Do not create public spaces of negotiation and political discussion.
•Individual participation or collective?
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Several technological resources could be used more intensively:
Interactions through:•Use of cell phones SMS•Use of Telephone•Location based services (LBS)
•Social networking - how governments can use them?
•Web 2.0 has not led to participation and social control in Latin American sub-national governments ...
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Participative practices and social control over the Internet change the power relations?
Certainly not, if the participation and transparency are pro forma...
Who wins and who loses?
•Bureaucracy •Political•Militants of participation (counselors of Presential Participatory Budgeting)
The problem is not technology, is political:
Technology can not be considered disconnected from the social and political processes in which it operates.
