digital procession

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    DigitalDigitalImage Processing Image Processing

    Presented byPresented byA.Kanchana,A.Kanchana,

    Email:[email protected]:[email protected]

    &&

    Chavva himabinduChavva himabinduEmail:[email protected]:[email protected]

    !!! "tech EEE,!!! "tech EEE,

    !ntell enineerin collee,!ntell enineerin collee,

    Ananta#ur.Ananta#ur.

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    IntrodutionIntrodutionDigital Image processing is electronicDigital Image processing is electronicdata processing on a 2-D array ofdata processing on a 2-D array ofnumbers. The array is a numericnumbers. The array is a numericrepresentation of an image.An imagerepresentation of an image.An imageprocessing system consists of a sourceprocessing system consists of a source

    of image data, a processing elementof image data, a processing elementand a destination for the processedand a destination for the processedresults.results.

    In the age multimedia life.No otherIn the age multimedia life.No other

    medium can oer the epressi!emedium can oer the epressi!eimages ha!e become an integratedimages ha!e become an integratedpart of human po"er of the image or apart of human po"er of the image or a!ideo se#uence.$ecause images!ideo se#uence.$ecause imagescontain an enormous amount ofcontain an enormous amount ofinformation .clearly,images containinformation .clearly,images contain

    and con!ey information in the form,and con!ey information in the form,"hich human beings can easily"hich human beings can easily

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    %hat are Images&%hat are Images&

    Images are signals "ith special characteristics.Images are signals "ith special characteristics. They are measure of a parameter o!erThey are measure of a parameter o!er

    space'distance(.space'distance(.

    An image can be formed of theAn image can be formed of the Temperature of an integrated circuit,Temperature of an integrated circuit, $lood !elocity in a patient)s artery,$lood !elocity in a patient)s artery, *-ray emission from a distant galay,*-ray emission from a distant galay, +round motion during an earth#uae.+round motion during an earth#uae. These eotic images are usually con!ertedThese eotic images are usually con!erted

    into con!entional pictures ,so that they can beinto con!entional pictures ,so that they can bee!aluated by the human eye.e!aluated by the human eye.

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    DigitalDigitalImage tructureImage tructure

    A Digital Image am,n/ described in 2D discreteA Digital Image am,n/ described in 2D discretespace is deri!ed from an analog image a',y( in aspace is deri!ed from an analog image a',y( in a2D continuous space through a sampling process or2D continuous space through a sampling process orDigiti0ation.Digiti0ation.

    The a',y( is di!ided into N ro"s and 1 columns.The a',y( is di!ided into N ro"s and 1 columns.The intersection of a ro" and column is termed isThe intersection of a ro" and column is termed ispiel.ach piel is a single number bet"een 3 andpiel.ach piel is a single number bet"een 3 and244.244.

    To display the analog image as a digital image, theTo display the analog image as a digital image, the!alue of each piel is con!erted into a gray scale.!alue of each piel is con!erted into a gray scale.

    5olor is added to digital images by using three5olor is added to digital images by using threenumbers for each piel,representing the intensitynumbers for each piel,representing the intensityof the three primary colors 6 red,green,blue.of the three primary colors 6 red,green,blue.

    A single byte is fre#uently used to store each of theA single byte is fre#uently used to store each of thecolor intensities, allo"ing the image to capture acolor intensities, allo"ing the image to capture atotal of 247824782479:7.; million dierent colors.total of 247824782479:7.; million dierent colors.

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    teps and Toolsteps and Tools

    $te#s:%$t

    e#s:%Ater obtainin the diiti'ed imae byAter obtainin the diiti'ed imae bythe #rocess o diiti'ation the imaethe #rocess o diiti'ation the imae

    sent or imae #rocessin.sent or imae #rocessin.!mae #rocessin o#erations can be!mae #rocessin o#erations can be

    rouhly divided into three ma(orrouhly divided into three ma(or

    cateories.cateories.!mae com#ression!mae com#ression

    !mae Enhancement and )estoration!mae Enhancement and )estoration

    *easurement E+traction*easurement E+traction

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    Image compression6Im

    age compression6

    As a result of digiti0ation of an a!erage si0eAs a result of digiti0ation of an a!erage si0e

    document at a medium resolution and color depth,document at a medium resolution and color depth,

    a huge ormat( PN+'Portable Net"or +raphics(PN+'Portable Net"or +raphics( ?$I+'?oint $ile!el +roup(?$I+'?oint $ile!el +roup( ?P+'?oint Photographers pert +roup(.?P+'?oint Photographers pert +roup(.

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    Image nhancement andImage nhancement and

    @estoration@estoration

    he imae at the let has been corru#ted byhe imae at the let has been corru#ted by

    noise durin the diiti'ation #rocess.he -cleannoise durin the diiti'ation #rocess.he -clean

    imae at the riht /as obtained by a##lyin aimae at the riht /as obtained by a##lyin a

    median 0lter to the imae.median 0lter to the imae.

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    An imae /ith #oor contrast, such as theAn imae /ith #oor contrast, such as the

    one at the let can be im#roved byone at the let can be im#roved by

    ad(ustin the mae historam to #roducead(ustin the mae historam to #roduce

    the imae sho/n at the riht.the imae sho/n at the riht.

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    The image at the top left of the abo!e ourier Transform on the image'topdimensional >ast >ourier Transform on the image'topright of the

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    1easurement etraction1easurement etraction

    The image at the top left of the follo"ing

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    ApplicationsApplications

    A##lications o 1iital imae #rocessin areA##lications o 1iital imae #rocessin arein0nite.hey are hardly any areas /herein0nite.hey are hardly any areas /hereimae #rocessin is not necessary.*a(orimae #rocessin is not necessary.*a(ora##lications are in medicine,s#ace2a##lications are in medicine,s#ace2

    TB6-TB6-

    5ertain mathematical tools are central to the5ertain mathematical tools are central to the

    processing of digital images. They are con!olutionprocessing of digital images. They are con!olution

    >ourier analysis,and statistical descriptions and>ourier analysis,and statistical descriptions andmanipulati!e tools such as chain codes and run codes.manipulati!e tools such as chain codes and run codes.

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    5onclusion5onclusion%ith image processing gro"ing in !aried%ith image processing gro"ing in !arieddisciplines such as remote sensing anddisciplines such as remote sensing andbiomedical research, the maers of scienti

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    @eferences6-@eferences6-

    3: eil $avae, 5$#ies oe *aa'ine6, 7ctober3: eil $avae, 5$#ies oe *aa'ine6, 7ctober8998.8998.

    8: $teven .$mith, 5he $cientist and8: $teven .$mith, 5he $cientist andEnineers ;uide to 1iital $inalEnineers ;uide to 1iital $inal

    Processin6,Processin6,

    Caliornia echnical Publishin.Caliornia echnical Publishin.

    undamentals6

    4: A .Erhardt%>erron, 5heory and A##lications4: A .Erhardt%>erron, 5heory and A##lications

    o 1iital !mae Processin6o 1iital !mae Processin6

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