dilemmas in uk health care

Health and Social Care in the Community

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© 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd

Blackwell Science, Ltd

Book reviews

Edited by Bob Hudson

Geographies of Care: Space, Place and the Voluntary Sector

By C. Milligan. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot (2001), £42.50 (hardback), 292 pp. ISBN 0-7546-1624-X.

This book provides an interesting andforceful mixture of theory and practicein a field of social welfare that hasgenerally received little attention. Inparticular, it has applied the literaturesof geography and public policy to thevoluntary sector providing servicesto frail elderly people. The book isdivided into 12 chapters. Apart fromthe introductory chapter, the first fourchapters establish the context andcontent of the approach that Milliganadopts. They include a comprehensivereview of the sub-discipline of medicalgeography (or the geography ofhealth), a description of the growthand development of ‘caring’ (espe-cially in Scotland), and the perspect-ives employed on the policy analysis.The latter material deals with depend-ency network theory, governanceand power relations. The chapter onmethodology is revealing since it dealsin great detail with the problemsand opportunities posed by conductingresearch with practitioners and theusers of services. In particular, Milligandiscusses the role that she played asan ‘actor’ outside the policy networkwhich she observed. The largelyqualitative approach offers insightsthrough ‘thickness of description’(p. 86), and the illustrative quotationsare well used, being sufficient in lengthto convince the reader but not too longto disrupt the flow of the author’sargument. Such depth is rarely foundin other books and the material is wellpresented.

The next four chapters contain theempirical data drawn from fieldworkin the late 1990s. The chapters explorethe restructuring process, informal car-ing, the role of private sector provision

and the statutory influences. The finalthree chapters draw together the variouscomponents of analysis – geography,policy and voluntary sector. The finalchapter (epilogue) provides a shortassessment of the ways in whichservices have been further restruc-tured following the 1997 election.However, the conceptual basis of thebook should enhance the enduringvalue of this sort of analysis, eventhough its temporal context may soonbegin to look outdated. The depth ofanalysis of the book probably meansthat it is likely to appeal to researchers,and possibly practitioners and policy-makers, rather than undergraduatestudents. However, postgraduatestudents in geography, sociology,management and organisational studies,and social and public policy will findmuch of relevance if they are conduct-ing similar research.

At first sight, it may appear thatMilligan’s approach is limiting: shehas examined the Scottish social carecontext in the late 1990s using geo-graphical concepts. On the face of it,this may be off-putting, but this shouldnot deter the reader. Concepts fromgeography are used to analyse theways in which restructuring processesare played out in different places andin different ways. This immediatelyconnects with broader debates aboutcontext, i.e. not only what impactrestructuring has, but why, where andupon whom. Thus, the book providesa wide range of ideas and issues ofrelevance to researchers across socialsciences. Indeed, the voluntary sectoris taken to be indicative of widerprocesses of health and social carerestructuring; hence, the book is ‘onewindow’ through which to view suchchange (p. 5). In such ways, the bookmay be considered like a ‘policy ethno-graphy’, and thus, can be comparedwith Hunter (1980) or Flynn

et al

.(1996).

Public policy is intimately boundup with spatial processes. Policiesinfluence the pattern of service provi-sion, but are also shaped by the needsand character of the areas over which itgoverns. Many are probably familiarwith intergovernmental relations,but in recent years, much attention hasbeen focused down to local networksoperating at the city-wide or region-wide level. Here, the actions, interac-tions and reactions of agencies andindividuals are examined to under-stand how their interrelationshipsbecome embedded and path-dependent.Such network analysis is becoming evermore important as private agencies andvoluntary organisations become moreinvolved in securing public and privatefunds for service provision. Indeed, suchnetworks are, in many cases, changingthe nature of the organisations involved.The importance of capturing the dynam-ism of networks was clearly advancedby

Geographies of Care

. The networksand the space within which theyoperate both transform and are trans-formed by each other.

Unfortunately, many studies willbe unable to adopt this crucial per-spective (given their time andresources). These various shifts ingovernance, well illustrated by thisbook, demonstrate the interdependenceof the actors upon each other, and alsothe value of a bottom-up approach thatincludes all actors, including carersand clients. The latter have often beenneglected in studies of this type.Although

Geographies of Care

couldhave had a more explicit emphasis onpower and the ways in which commun-ity interests are repressed (e.g. Alford1975), it is nonetheless refreshing tosee their inclusion. Thus, the value ofthis book may be not simply to pro-vide in-depth case studies of restruc-turing processes in Scotland, butalso to aid the shift in focus on bothgeographical and policy analysis.

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© 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd, Health and Social Care in the Community

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(5), 410–415

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References

Alford R.R. (1975)

Health care politics:ideological and interest group barriers toreform

. University of Chicago Press,Chicago, IL.

Flynn R., Williams G. & Pickard S. (1996)

Markets and Networks: Contracting inCommunity Health Services

. OpenUniversity Press, Buckingham.

Hunter D.J. (1980)

Coping with Uncertainty

.Research Studies Press, Letchworth.

Mark Exworthy

BSc PhD

Research FellowUniversity College London

September 2002105Book ReviewBook reviewsBook reviewsBook reviewsEdited by Bob Hudson

Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods

By Naomi Fulop, Pauline Allen, Aileen Clarke and Nick Black (Eds). Routledge Taylor & Francis, London (2001), £16.99 (paperback), 228 pp. ISBN 0-415-25763-8.

Books on research methods often fillthis reviewer with a sense of forebod-ing since many are characterised byopaque verbiage and turgid prosewhich, regardless of their importance,lead them to being left gathering dustin the corners of one’s bookshelf tobe used only in the direst of need.Although research methods bookshave generally improved on the ‘read-ability’ index, it was nonetheless arelief and a pleasure to find thematerial in

Studying the Organisationand Delivery of Health Services

readable,approachable, interesting, concise,and most importantly, useful.

From the outset, the book documentsthe rise of the health services researchindustry in the UK and its currentpre-eminence following the penchantfor major Government-funded evalua-tions and programmes. As someoneemployed in this industry, the ability toselect and apply appropriate researchmethods and tools to evaluate healthservice innovations is usually complexand often problematic (Mays

et al.

2001).The editors of

Studying the Organisationand Delivery of Health Services

are to behighly commended since, in additionto outlining the various disciplinesand theoretical approaches to studywhich may be used, the contributors at

all times show how these differentdisciplines and approaches mightbe applied, in various combinations, tospecific research questions. Indeed,the ability of most chapters to high-light practical examples and casenotes helped to bring alive the applic-ability of certain methods.

With such a diverse range ofcontent, the book could have succumbedto the tendency to become a collectionof disconnected chapters. However,the editors have done a splendid jobin following a consistent format. As aresult, the reader will find within eachchapter: a definition and theoreticalbasis of the discipline; the researchquestions which can (and cannot) beaddressed; practical suggestions onhow to undertake the discipline (i.e.data collection methods and analysis),usually accompanied by practicalexamples; and a discussion of eachresearch methodology’s limitations.

After an excellent initial overviewof the use of different research meth-odologies in health services research,each of the following 11 authoredchapters devotes itself to a certainmethodological approach. Sociologicalapproaches are considered first.Chapter 2, on ‘organisational studies’,examines formally constituted organ-isations and their importance as a sitefor social action within which thebehaviour of individuals and organ-isations is viewed as ‘socially embedded’through such factors as norms, cultureand power relations. The chapterdescribes how the methodology canbe applied to studying organisa-tional change, organisational cultureand changes to the division of organ-isational labour. Chapter 3, examiningqualitative research at the microlevel(case studies), is excellent in spellingout the use and limitations of whatis essentially an approach to providecontextually specific descriptive data.Qualitative researchers will find thesechapters of particular use whenattempting to justify their meth-odology and the importance of theirresearch findings to those eruditejournal reviewers who believe only inthe power of numbers, statistics andthe randomised controlled trial.

Talking of randomised controlledtrials, chapter 4 switches tack to

examine quantitative disciplines andshows how epidemiological tech-niques can be applied to organisa-tional problems in health services,particularly the evaluation of medicalinterventions. The pre-eminence ofthe randomised controlled trial isgiven a lucid explanation and the use ofcluster randomisation is also described.The use of non-randomised studydesigns, including time-series analysisand cohort studies, is also discussedbriefly. This chapter is somewhatof a contrast to the organisationaldisciplines which the book is chieflyconcerned with. Moreover, giventhe complexity of the quantitativedesign, the chapter is designed toprovide an overview rather thanany in-depth analysis of design andimplementation.

The following chapters in the bookthen take on a range of differentsubjects: organisational psychology(chapter 5); approaches to policy ana-lysis (chapter 6); economic evalua-tion and organisational economics(chapters 7 and 8); historical research(chapter 9); operational research(chapter 10); action research (chapter 11);and finally, synthesising researchevidence through systematic review(chapter 12). Within all of the chaptersin this book, detailed explanations ofmethodological implementation aretactically avoided in favour of provid-ing a broader understanding of usesand limitations. All chapters provide apointer to ‘further reading’ for thosewishing to explore certain methodol-ogies in more depth.

Studying the Organisation and Deliv-ery of Health Services

succeeds inproviding an understanding of differentresearch methods, and should aidresearchers in selecting the mostappropriate method to adopt andprovide clear arguments to help justifythat choice of method. At an average of16 pages per chapter, the synthesis ofmaterial in such a concise and consist-ent framework makes the book allthe more impressive and approachablecompared to some of the larger, moreestablished tomes available onresearch methods in health. As aresult, this book is likely to prove alasting accompaniment to researchersin the healthcare field – it certainly


Book reviews

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will not gather dust on this reviewer’sshelf.

Reference

Mays N., Wyke S., Malbon G. & Goodwin N.(Eds) (2001)

The Purchasing of HealthCare by Primary Care Organisations.An Evaluation and Guide to Future Policy

.Open University Press, Buckingham.

Nick Goodwin

Ba (Hons) PhD

Lecturer Health Services Management Centre University of Birmingham Birmingham


Dilemmas in UK Health Care

By Carol Komaromy (Ed.). Open University Press, Buckingham (2001), £17.99 (paperback), 247 pp. ISBN 0-335-20841X.

This Open University (OU) set text forthe course on Health and Disease wasfirst published in 1985, and entered itsthird edition 16 years later.

Dilemmasin UK Health Care

has clearly beensuccessful with its captive audience,but how useful is it for other students?It is claimed that, ‘General readersdo not need to make use of the studynotes, learning objectives and othermaterial inserted for OU students,although they may find these helpful.’Moreover, ‘reference to the accom-panying course reader is consideredto be desirable rather than necessary’(p. 6). However, the more seriousproblem is that OU students havecertain assumed knowledge fromprevious courses, and this underminesthe book’s wider efficacy and its abilityto act as a stand-alone text.

Not surprisingly,

Dilemmas in UKHealth Care

follows the OU house style,with learning objectives, and shortquestions and answers embedded ineach chapter, and more complex ques-tions at the end of each chapter withtheir answers at the end of the book.In principle, this model can be veryuseful, but some answers do tend tofollow the

Yes Minister

school, wherethe reader is led gently towards the‘obvious’ answer, sometimes withlimited debate and little examination ofcompeting perspectives. For example,

despite the editor’s comments that, ‘Inthis book, we have been careful notto take sides when competing optionsare being discussed: our aim has beento reveal the nature of the dilemmas –not to offer solutions’ (p. 19), the battlelines and solutions were only thinlydisguised. In particular, ‘new right’perspectives were conspicuous bytheir absence. If they were brieflymentioned, the authors clearly cameto bury rather than to praise. A tokenpantomime villain enters stage right(e.g. John Moore, p. 209), only to bequickly booed off again.

Dilemmas in UK Health Care

con-tains nine diverse chapters on: caringfor life; economic constraints; health-care management; community care;health-care labour; research and evid-ence; medical technology; prevent-ing disease; and poverty, inequality,social exclusion and health. On thepositive side, the individual chaptersare all well written and up-to-date,with a wealth of data in the form oftables and graphs. However, there isno overall clear and coherent templatethat binds the set of distinct chapterstogether. An example of the unclearrationale of the first chapter is givenby its title, ‘Caring for life: dilemmas inhealth care’, and its running title, ‘Anintroduction to dilemmas in healthcare’. In practice, it reflects the formerrather than the latter. After aboutonly two pages of general material,it focuses on a case study of neonatalintensive care needs. The editor givesher definition of dilemma as ‘beingforced to choose between less thanideal, even unpleasant alternatives’(p. 12). She continues by writing that,in one sense, all dilemmas in health-care are framed by ethical principles,and therefore, many dilemmas in theUK are rooted in the legacy of thefounding principles and expectationsof the National Health Service (NHS).Having opened up this can of worms,Komaromy promptly closes it againwith insufficient explanation of thesecomplex contextual issues.

It is claimed that each of the follow-ing chapters takes a particular topic ofinterest in UK healthcare and exam-ines it from the point of view of theproblems it raises. The aim is to focuson ‘key dilemmas’, each of which is

framed by wider political, economic,ideological and ethical issues. How-ever, these issues are not exploredin any depth in the introduction, andsometimes hardly mentioned in somechapters. For example, the book is verylight on any clear outline of ethics. Thegoal is to give an understanding ofthe key dilemmas at the time of writing,and also to equip the reader with theskills to be able to analyse futurechanges. However, there are no cluesto why some dilemmas are regarded as‘key’ while others are not. For example,long-term care and the tragedy of theBristol Royal Infirmary are clearlynot ‘key’, while the funding of theNHS, waiting lists and trolley waitsare only ‘key-ish’. Moreover, the bagof (key?) skills tends to be leftunopened. The editor warns that theanalysis in each of the chapters is quitedetailed and is written by a specialistin that area, ‘Therefore, as you readthrough the remaining chapters, youmight find it useful to use the abovethemes to help you frame your study’(p. 18). However, the informationgiven on these themes is hopelesslyinadequate for that purpose. Muchmore guidance was required in theintroductory chapter in order forthe reader to distinguish the wood ofthe book from the trees of the individualchapters. The chapters contain fewinterconnections (e.g. opportunitycosts did not feature strongly in otherchapters). The case studies are rarelyplaced in context, and their widerimplications are not clearly drawnout. This material could have usefullybeen provided in a concluding chapter.Essentially, the editorial role has beencontracted out or privatised to theindividual reader.

There is insufficient space tocomment on the individual chapters.However, chapter 9, on poverty,inequality, social exclusion and health,illustrates some of my wider pointson the lack of debate. It claims that, ‘InBritain, in the decades following theBeveridge Report of 1942, the responseto poverty was what Richard Tawney,one of the twentieth-century architectsof the welfare state, claimed to be astrategy of equality. The belief wasthat male, full employment wouldresult in a universal social security


Book reviews


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413

system’ (p. 208). At best, this is aconsiderable oversimplification. TheWilkinson

hypothesis

(my emphasis) ispresented, and an answer to a questionstates that, ‘If Wilkinson’s claim iscorrect (and the research is contro-versial) …’ (p. 215), but little sense ofthe debate is presented. In general, thebook gives up-to-date information, butwith insufficient context. It is light ontheory and analysis, and tends to closedown rather than open up debate.While individual chapters are usefulin themselves, the sum of the parts isless than the whole.

Martin Powell

BA PhD

Senior Lecturer in Social Policy Department of Social and Policy Sciences University of Bath Bath


Commissioning and Purchasing

By Terry Bamford. Routledge, London (2001), £14.99 (paperback), 138 pp. ISBN 0-415-24743-8.

If you want to know about com-missioning but were afraid to ask, thenthis book is for you. It is an excellentnew paperback from Routledge, pub-lished in association with CommunityCare, that provides a comprehensiveintroduction to all aspects of commis-sioning and purchasing. The author,Terry Bamford, a former chair of theBASW with more than 12 years ofexperience in heading social services,cleverly interweaves significant histor-ical material and practical exercises tooptimise individual or group learning.With well laid out chapters, thought-provoking case examples, and anadequate bibliography and index,

Commissioning and Purchasing

providesa valuable introduction to all of theircomplexities.

The ‘out of focus’ cover designseductively invites further discoveryand binds together 138 pages of sharpand meaningful insights into the sub-ject. The book is easy to hold, the printclear to read and the layout is easy tofollow, enabling key topics to be readin sequence or according to individualpreference. Nine chapters and 13 caseexamples ensure that all aspects ofcommissioning are more than ade-quately covered. Each chapter follows

a similar format that starts with a clear,bulleted list of objectives that is veryhelpful in determining its relevanceto desired learning. The sections endwith a well thought out ‘activity’ tohelp the reader think more deeplyabout the issues discussed, followedby a summary of key points to furtherconsolidate learning. Finally, a shortlist of additional key reading serves tocomplement the content and provide avery powerful overall learning package.

Terry Bamford tracks the languageand behaviour of commissioning backto the Griffiths report. He describesthe significant shift in local authorityresponsibilities from the early 1970s,and argues that, far from being dino-saurs, they have shown a remarkablecapacity for change and continuousdevelopment which reflects well ontheir political and professional leader-ship. Each chapter explains, unravelsand develops various elements ofcommissioning, starting with chapter1 that puts purchasing into the contextof modern social services agencies. Ittraces the emergence of the contractculture, highlights the growth of theindependent sector and evolution of amixed economy of welfare provision,and analyses the local authority shifttowards an enabling function. It pro-vides the basis for exploration of thecomplex nature of commissioning andits relationship to purchasing pursuedin subsequent chapters. A wide rangeof issues from micro to strategic andjoint commissioning is clearly differ-entiated, and these early chapters areparticularly helpful to those readersseeking to comprehend the languageand concepts of commissioning. Nobook on commissioning would becomplete without reference to thecentrality of users and carers. The authortakes the social model of disabilityand escorts the reader on a journey thathighlights the rights of users andcarers. It analyses the progression fromconsultation with users and carersto them ultimately taking control.Reference to issues such as directpayments ensures that concepts remainrooted in contemporary practice.

Throughout

Commissioning andPurchasing

, simple and clear referenceto major milestones in social care aremade. In chapter 4, reference to

Goffman, Wagner, the work of Davies& Challis at the Personal SocialServices Research Unit and Sir RoyGriffiths act as beacons in the evolutionof care management. A simple diagramclarifies its core elements and sectionson screening, assessment and riskmanagement enhance coverage ofthe subject. Although outlining themany advantages of multidisciplinarycare management, the author ensuresthat problems of implementation arenot ignored through the use of caseexamples such as care managementin general practitioner attachments andintegrated community care teams.

Bamford proclaims that public sectormanagement is subject to increasingscrutiny and that good practice incontracting can help to meet that test.Chapter 6 enables readers to reflecton their practice and demystifies thelanguage of contracting. Different typesof contract (e.g. block, spot, cost andvolume) are clearly outlined and theirrelative merits considered. Explorationof the tendering process, identificationof preferred providers, emergence ofservice agreements and examples ofcommon legal complexities both serveto stimulate awareness and offer prac-tical solutions. Subsequent chaptersmake clear connections between cost–benefit analysis and the three ‘E’s –efficiency, effectiveness and economy.A glossary of significant terms and theuse of ‘cautionary tales’ help to makecomplex financial issues comprehens-ible and accessible to non-accountants.

The importance of building collab-oration between commissioners andtheir providers in the delivery ofquality is effectively explored in theconcluding chapters. The authordemonstrates how to build it intopurchasing policy, and relates it toother important issues such as train-ing, staffing, budget and accreditation.Different models of assuring qualitycovering business excellence, organ-isational audit and balanced scorecardapproaches are addressed, albeitsuperficially. In the penultimate chapter,Bamford tries to anticipate the nextsteps in commissioning and speculatesabout the future arrangements. By 2005,he suggests, it will be characterisedby ‘messiness’, with social care beingcommissioned by a variety of public

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sector bodies. However, he argues thatthis is unlikely to last before furtherpolitical intervention seeks to resolvethe situation.

Overall,

Commissioning and Pur-chasing

is successful in providing acomprehensive introduction to thecomplexities of commissioning. It iscontemporary in orientation, andeffective in linking commissioningconcepts and activity to practicalsituations. At a very reasonable cost, itshould make a valuable addition topractitioner, manager, trainer, contractofficer and student libraries of corereading, and should be kept readilyaccessible for reference.

John Thornberry BA

(Applied SocialScience) CQSW NVQ (Strategic Management)

Head of Adult Commissioning Durham County Council Social Services County Hall Durham


Rethinking European Welfare

By Janet Fink, Gail Lewis and John Clarke (Eds). Sage Publications, London (2001), £17.99 (paperback), 298 pp. ISBN 0-7619-7279-X.

This is an important book that chal-lenges and stimulates, but it does notachieve as much as it might andcontains some disappointing contri-butions.


needs to be consulted by students doingcourses on European social policyand on comparative social policy, butthey will need to use it selectively.

The challenge that this bookembodies is to two established ways oflooking at European social policy: interms of social policy in the EuropeanUnion (EU); and in terms of con-ventional regime analysis focusingprimarily upon the member states ofthe EU. The editors and many of thecontributors remind us very stronglythat the EU as presently constituted,or even after enlargement, is not‘Europe’. Indeed, the book goes furtherthan that to emphasise the extent towhich the relationship between the EUand the countries around it, includ-ing countries classified as in Asia orAfrica, is of increasing importance forEuropean welfare. In that sense, it is

a timely book when issues aboutthe relationship between the narrowlyconceived European world and Islamare very much on the agenda again.Nevertheless, even when the focus isupon the EU nations, there is a needto give attention to the issues aboutthe growing elements in the populationwho have entered those countries asmigrants and refugees, and who havestatuses which fall short in variouscomplex ways from full citizenship. Inthis sense, the most important sectionof


is part 1,‘Unsettling Boundaries and Borders’,and particularly, the contributions byYasemin Soysal on ‘Changing Citizen-ship in Europe: Remarks on Postna-tional Membership and the NationalState’ and Eleonore Kofman andRosemary Sales on ‘Migrant Womenand Exclusion in Europe’.

Therefore, as far as regime analysisis concerned, it is important to bear inmind that the social welfare policieswhich are seen as typifying particularregimes may not necessarily apply tosignificant groups within those socie-ties. This is a theme taken forward inanalyses in part 2 which build uponEsping-Andersen’s regime theory,particularly with respect to the way itaddresses issues about the welfare ofwomen and ethnic minorities. Here,the key contributions are essays byDiane Sainsbury and Fiona Williams,but now I must record one of my dis-appointments about this volume: mostof the essays in it have already beenpublished elsewhere some time ago.This is particularly true of Sainsbury’sessay, which is from a widely availablebook published in 1996, and Williams’essay, which was published in 1995.It would have been so much morevaluable to have included a new con-tribution, moving forward fromEsping-Andersen’s more recent work(particularly

Social Foundations ofPost-industrial Economies

, OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1999) whichdoes explore issues about family arran-gements more effectively than before.However, part 2 does contain onecontribution written specifically forthe volume by Janet Fink, one of theeditors, who raises some importantquestions about another missing ele-ment in comparative analyses: the

interests and perspectives of childrenas ‘welfare subjects’.

It is part 3 that is the most dis-appointing section of

Rethinking EuropeanWelfare

. The essays seem to add verylittle to the main message of the book,i.e. issues which have been marginal-ised or ignored in much conventionalanalysis. Moreover, some of the con-tributions are clothed in unhelpfuljargon. For example, the contributionfrom Leontidou and Afouxenidisargues that, ‘The rigidity of the political-economy perspectives and the neglectof questions of emphemerality andintersubjectivity are manifested in anew type of “borderland epistemology”… which is seemingly establishingitself as yet another dominant grandnarrative of the 1990s explaining thenew realities’ (p. 244). Is this ‘explain-ing’ or mystifying? The point ismade in this essay and throughut thebook that we need to come to termswith unstable and rapidly changingsituations.

Nevertheless, I will end on a morepositive note about another contribu-tion to part 3. At various times in


, I foundmyself reacting negatively to a newjargon word, absent from my diction-ary, ‘racialisation’; but Avtar Brah’sessay ‘Re-framing Europe: GenderedRacisms, Ethnicities and Nationalismsin Contemporary Western Europe’convinced me of the importance ofunderstanding processes by whichsocial groups ‘become constructed as“other” on the basis of a supposedrace/ethnic/cultural difference’(Williams’ definition on p. 143). Hence,a new word is justified here. In an erawhen biological theories have beendiscredited, it is important to recogn-ise and understand the multiplicityof ways in which social boundaries arerevived and new ones created.

Michael Hill

BSc (Sociology)

Visiting Professor Goldsmiths College University of London London


Books received for review

Clark A. and Bright L. (2002)

ShowingRestraint: Challenging the Use ofRestraint in Care Homes

. Counsel and


Book reviews


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(5), 410–415

415

Care, London, £7.50, 28 pp. ISBN 1-898092-346.

Colebatch H.K. (2002)

Policy

, 2nd Edn.Open University Press, Buckingham,£12.99, 151 pp. ISBN 0-335-20971-8.

Cribb A. and Duncan P. (2002)

HealthPromotion and Professional Ethics

.Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, £19.99,184 pp. ISBN 0-632-05603-7.

Davey B., Gray A. and Seale C.(Eds)(2002)

Health and Disease: A Reader

, 3rdEdn. Open University Press, Bucking-ham, £17.99, 458 pp. ISBN 0-335-20967-X.

Deacon A. (2002)

Perspectives on Welfare

.Open University Press, Buckingham,£15.99, 153 pp. ISBN 0-335-20320-5.

Glasby J. and Glasby J. (2002)

Cash forCaring: A Practical Guide to Social ServicesFinance

. Russell House Publishing,Dorset, £61.45 (including delivery),143 pp. ISBN 1898924996.

Henderson S. and Petersen A. (Eds)(2002)

Consuming Health: The Commodi-fication of Health Care

. Routledge,London, £17.99, 210 pp. ISBN 0-415-25949-5.

Heywood F., Oldman C. and Means R.(2002)

Housing and Home in Later Life

.

Open University Press, Buckingham,£16.99, 185 pp. ISBN 0-33520-1695.

Humphries J. and Green J. (Eds) (2002)

Nurse Prescribing

, 2nd Edn. Palgrave,London, £16.99, 186 pp. ISBN 0-333-93092-4.

Klee H., Jackson M. and Lewis S. (2002)

Drug Misuses and Motherhood

.Routledge, London, £19.99, 305 pp.ISBN 0-415-27195-9.

Lazenbatt A. (2002)

The EvaluationHandbook for Health Professionals

.Routledge, London, £18.99, 275 pp.ISBN 0-415-24857-4.

Morgan P. (2002)

Children as trophies?

The Christian Institute, Newcastleupon Tyne, £8.00 (including P&P),160 pp. ISBN 1-90108618-6.

Neale J. (2002)

Drug Users in Society

.Palgrave, Basingstoke, £47.50, 263 pp.ISBN 0-33-91262-4.

Payne M. and Shardlow S.M. (2002)

Social Work in the British Isles

. JessicaKingsley Publishers, London, £16.95,286 pp. ISBN 1-85302-763-4.

Prochaska F. (2002)

Schools of Citizenship:Charity and Civic Virtue

. Civitas, London,£4.95 (including P&P), 57 pp. ISBN1-903-386-19-5.

Roberts K. and Chapman T. (2002)

Realising Participation: Elderly Peopleas Active Users of Health and SocialCare

. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot,£42.50, 264 pp. ISBN 0-7546-1773-4.

Stanley J. and Goddard C. (2002)

In theFiring Line: Violence and Power in ChildProtection Work

. John Wiley & Sons,Chichester, £17.99, 224 pp. ISBN 0-471-99885-0.

Tilbury D. (2002)

Working with MentalIllness: A Community-based Approach

,2nd Edn. Palgrave, Hampshire, Hamp-shire, 152 pp. ISBN 0-333-94733-9.

Volans G. and Wiseman H. (2002)

DrugsHandbook 2002

. Palgrave, London,£17.99, 196 pp. ISBN 0-333-98597-4.

Wall A. and Owen B. (2002)

Health Policy

,2nd Edn. Routledge, London, £12.99,188 pp. ISBN 0-415-27556-3.

Ward H. and Rose W. (Eds) (2002)

Approaches to Needs Assessment inChildren’s Services

. Jessica KingsleyPublishers, London, £16.95, 352 pp.ISBN 1-85302-780-4.

White K. (2002)

An Introduction to theSociology of Health and Illness

. SagePublications, London, £16.99, 208 pp.ISBN. 0-7619-6400-2.


dilemmas in uk health care

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