dilutive securities and earnings per share learning objectives at the end of the presentation, you...
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Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per ShareDilutive Securities and Earnings Per Share
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per ShareDilutive Securities and Earnings Per Share
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
At the end of the presentation, you should learn how to:
1. Compute earnings per share in a simple capital structure.
2. Compute earnings per share in a complex capital
structure
3. Disclose EPS information on the statement of income
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Earnings per share indicates the income earned by each share of common stock.
Companies report earnings per share only for common stock.
When income statement contains intermediate components of income, companies should disclose earnings per share for each component.
Computing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per Share
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Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Simple Structure--Only common stock; no
potentially dilutive securities.
Complex Structure--Potentially dilutive
securities are present.
“Dilutive” means the ability to influence the
EPS in a downward direction.
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Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Preferred Stock Dividends
Subtracts the current year preferred stock dividend from net income to arrive at income available to common stockholders.
Preferred dividends are subtracted on cumulative preferred stock, whether declared or not.
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Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure
Weighted-Average Number of Shares
Companies must weight the shares by the fraction of the period they are outstanding.
Stock dividends or stock splits: companies need to restate the shares outstanding before the stock dividend or split.
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Earnings Per ShareEarnings Per Share
Date Description No. of Shares1/1 Balance 100,000 4/1 Issued 50,000 10/1 Issued 10,000
Compute the weighted average number of shares Compute the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.of common stock outstanding.
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Earnings Per ShareEarnings Per Share Compute the weighted average number of shares Compute the weighted average number of shares
of common stock outstanding.of common stock outstanding.
Date Description No. of SharesMonths
OutstandingWeights Shares
1/1 Balance 100,000 12/12 100,000 4/1 Issued 50,000 9/12 37,500 10/1 Issued 10,000 3/12 2,500 Weighted average shares outstanding 140,000
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Earnings Per ShareEarnings Per Share
Compute the weighted average number of shares of Compute the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.common stock outstanding.
Date Description No. of Shares
1/1 Balance 100,000 4/1 Issued 50,000 5/1 Stock dividend(100%) 150,000 10/1 Issued 10,000
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Earnings Per ShareEarnings Per Share
Compute the weighted average number of shares Compute the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.of common stock outstanding.
1/1 Balance 100,000 12/12 100,0004/1 Issued shares 50,000 9/12 37,5005/1 100% stock dividend
Retroactive to 1/1 100,000 12/12 100,000 Retroactive to 4/1 50,000 9/12 37,500
10/1 Issued shares 10,000 3/12 2,500Weighted average shares outstanding 277,500
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Complex Capital Structure exists when a
business has
convertible securities,
options, warrants, or other rights
that upon conversion or exercise could dilute
earnings per share.
Company reports both basic and diluted earnings
per share.
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Diluted EPS includes the effect of all potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period.
Companies will not report diluted EPS if the securities in their capital structure are antidilutive.
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Diluted EPS – Convertible Securities
Measure the dilutive effects of potential conversion on EPS using the if-converted method.This method for a convertible bond assumes:
(1) the conversion at the beginning of the period
(or at the time of issuance of the security, if
issued during the period), and
(2) the elimination of related interest, net of tax.
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Example: (Convertible Bonds): In 2010 BC ltd issued, at par, 75, $1,000, 8% bonds, each convertible into 100 shares of common stock. BC had revenues of $17,500 and expenses other than interest and taxes of $8,400 for 2011. (Assume that the tax rate is 30%.) Throughout 2011, 2,000 shares of common stock were outstanding; none of the bonds was converted or redeemed.
Required:
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.
(b) Assume same facts as those for Part (a), except the 75 bonds were issued on September 1, 2011 (rather than in 2010), and none have been converted or redeemed.
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Solution (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.
Calculation of Net Calculation of Net IncomeIncome
RevenuesRevenues $17,500$17,500
ExpensesExpenses 8,4008,400
Bond interest expense Bond interest expense (75 x $1,000 x 8%)(75 x $1,000 x 8%) 6,0006,000
Income before taxesIncome before taxes 3,1003,100
Income tax expense Income tax expense (30%)(30%) 930930
Net incomeNet income $ 2170$ 2170
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basic EPS.
Net income = $2170
Weighted average shares = 2,000
== $1.09$1.09
Basic EPS
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basis EPS.
$2170
2,000== $0.67$0.67
Diluted EPS
++ $6,000 (1 - .30)
7,500
Basic EPS = 1.09
$6,370
9,500==
Effect on EPS = .0.56
++
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Revenues 17,500$
Expenses 8,400
Bond interest expense (75 x $1,000 x 8% x 4/ 12) 2,000
I ncome bef ore taxes 7,100
I ncome taxes (30%) 2,130
Net income 4,970$
Calculation of Net Calculation of Net IncomeIncome
(b) Assume bonds were issued on Sept. 1, 2011 .
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(b) Assume bonds were issued on Sept. 1, 2011 .
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basis EPS.
$4,970
2,000== $1.42$1.42
Diluted EPS
$2,000 (1 - .30)
7,500 x 4/12 yr.
$6,370
4,500==
Effect on EPS = .56Basic EPS
= 2.49
++
++
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Example (Variation-Convertible Preferred Stock): Prior to 2010, BC Ltd issued 40,000 shares of 6% convertible, cumulative preferred stock, $100 par value. Each share is convertible into 5 shares of common stock. Net income for 2010 was $1,200,000. There were 600,000 common shares outstanding during 2010. There were no changes during 2010 in the number of common or preferred shares outstanding.
Required:
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basis EPS.
Net income $1,200,000 – Pfd. Div. $240,000*
Weighted average shares = 600,000==$1.60$1.60
Basic EPS
** 40,000 shares x $100 par x 6% = $240,000 40,000 shares x $100 par x 6% = $240,000 dividenddividend
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basic EPS.
600,000==
$1.50$1.50
Diluted EPS
$240,000
Basic EPS = 1.60
==
Effect on EPS = 1.20
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.
$1,200,000 – $240,000
200,000*
$1,200,000
800,000
**(40,000 x 5)(40,000 x 5)
++
++
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
600,000==
$1.67$1.67
Diluted EPS
$240,000
Basic EPS = 1.60
==
Effect on EPS = 2.00
(c) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010 assuming each share of preferred is convertible into 3 shares of common stock.
$1,200,000 – $240,000
120,000*
$1,200,000
720,000
**(40,000 x 3)(40,000 x 3)
++
++
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
600,000==
$1.67$1.67
Diluted EPS
$240,000
Basic EPS = 1.60
==
Effect on EPS = 2.00
$1,200,000 – $240,000
120,000*
$1,200,000
720,000
**(40,000 x 3)(40,000 x 3)
Antidilutive
Basic = Diluted EPS
(b) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010 assuming each share of preferred is convertible into 3 shares of common stock.
++
++
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Diluted EPS – Options and Warrants
Measure the dilutive effects of potential conversion using the treasury-stock method.
This method assumes:
(1) company exercises the options or warrants at the beginning of the year (or date of issue if later), and
(2) that it uses those proceeds to purchase common stock for the treasury.
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Example: (EPS with Options): BC Company’s net income for 2010 is $40,000. The only potentially dilutive securities outstanding were 1,000 options issued during 2009, each exercisable for one share at $8. None has been exercised, and 10,000 shares of common were outstanding during 2010. The average market price of the stock during 2010 was $20.
Required
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share.
(b) Assume the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010 (rather than in 2009). The average market price during the last 3 months of 2010 was $20.
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Proceeds if shares issued Proceeds if shares issued (1,000 x $8)(1,000 x $8) $8,000$8,000
Purchase price for treasury sharesPurchase price for treasury shares $20$20
Shares assumed purchasedShares assumed purchased 400400
Shares assumed issuedShares assumed issued 1,0001,000
Incremental share increaseIncremental share increase 600600
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.
Treasury-Stock MethodTreasury-Stock Method
÷÷
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.
When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basis EPS.
$40,000
10,000== $3.77$3.77
Diluted EPS
++
600
Basic EPS = 4.00
$40,000
10,600==
Options
++
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Proceeds if shares issued (1,000 x $8) 8,000$
Purchase price f or treasury shares 20$
Shares assumed purchased 400
Shares assumed issued 1,000
I ncremental share increase 600
Weight f or 3 months assumed outstanding 3/ 12
Weighted incremental share increase 150
Treasury-Stock MethodTreasury-Stock Method
÷÷
(b) Compute diluted earnings per share assuming the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010.
xx
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
(b) Compute diluted earnings per share assuming the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010.
$40,000
10,000== $3.94$3.94
Diluted EPS
150
Basic EPS = 4.00
$40,000
10,150==
Options
++
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Financial Statement Presentation of EPS DataFinancial Statement Presentation of EPS Data
Income from continuing operations.Income from continuing operations. Income before exceptional items.Income before exceptional items. The cumulative effect of a change in The cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle.accounting principle. Net income.Net income.
Earnings per share values are Earnings per share values are desirabledesirable (but not (but not required) for exceptional items and required) for exceptional items and discontinued operations.discontinued operations.
Income from continuing operations.Income from continuing operations. Income before exceptional items.Income before exceptional items. The cumulative effect of a change in The cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle.accounting principle. Net income.Net income.
Earnings per share values are Earnings per share values are desirabledesirable (but not (but not required) for exceptional items and required) for exceptional items and discontinued operations.discontinued operations.
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EPS Presentation and Disclosure
A company should show per share amounts for:
income from continuing operations,
income before exceptional items, and
net income.
Per share amounts for a discontinued operation or an exceptional item should be presented on the face of the income statement or in the notes.
Earnings per share values are desirable (but not required) for exceptional items and discontinued operations.
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Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure
Complex capital structures and dual presentation of EPS require the following additional disclosures in note form.
1. Description of pertinent rights and privileges of the various securities outstanding.
2. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations, including individual income and share amount effects of all securities that affect EPS.
3. The effect given preferred dividends in determining income available to common stockholders in computing basic EPS.
4. Securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were excluded in the computation because they would be antidilutive.
5. Effect of conversions subsequent to year-end, but before issuing statements.
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Summary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS Computation
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Summary of EPS Summary of EPS ComputationComputation
Summary of EPS Summary of EPS ComputationComputation
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