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Dimmer, Lichtsteuerungen und LED-Lichtlösungen

Unser Knowhow –Ihr Vorsprung

Gé HulsmansSarah CheikhIngo WasielewskiAdrian WohlerOliver EnglerPetra Waldinsperger

How to choose the right LED driver when it comes to perfect dimming & flicker?….and what about camera compatibility and dynamic white ?

Gé Hulsmans – Director Specifier Service

3

The lighting world changes – with traditional technologies the driver was a ‘given’Now all is digital and you should know about a driver

What about good dimming? What about flicker?What about dim-to-warm or tunable white? How to achieve good recordings with HD cameras?Wireless, IoT, the cloud, IT-based services: what’s next in lighting?

This workshop is targetted at creative, non-technical people‘Geeky stuff‘ – easily explained ☺

A training on LED drivers...? Why?

,

The lighting value chain

End-user: shop,museum, hotel,office, bar, restaurant...

OEM luminaire manufacturer

Influcencer: specifier / lighting designer / lighting architect

Partner LED Supplier

eldoLED

Light consumer

5

The lighting system

6

• The luminaire• The driver• The dimmer / controller

The lighting system

7

• The following electrical characteristics define the led. Below data is known when buying the led, refer to the datasheet

• Light output (Lumen)• Drive current (Ampere, A)• Forward voltage / Output voltage (Volt, Vf)• Power consumption, energy (Watts, W)• Efficacy (Lumen / Watt)

• The more current – the more light• Forward voltage is vital information when

connecting leds to a driver

energy = voltage x currentWatts = Volt x Ampere

P = U x I

Electrical characteristics of the led

compare electricity with plumbingelectricity wire ≈ service pipe

current ≈ watervoltage ≈ water pressure

8


The lighting system

9

• The driver switches the light on and off – at the right light level• The driver arranges the dimming• The driver is the starting point for wireless lighting controls• The driver is the entrance towards new cloud-based IT-services

The driver supplies the electrical current to the leds

The driver is either inside the luminaire or used externally

A.k.a. intelligent ballast, transformer, power supply (wrong name)

eldoLED drivers are programmable (current settings / dimming curve) and dimmable (via DALI, 1-10V or DMX)

The driver

10

Dimming

11

The lighting system

2 influencers on dimming quality

Dimming – a trivial story?

12

Incandescent- or halogen-like dimming– Dimming all the way down to 0.1% or to 1% to have the best “perceived light”– Dim-to-warm: dimming (less intensity) ánd warmer light (changing colour temperature)

Natural dimming– No flicker – both no visible and no invisible flicker– No steps – smooth and gradually from 100% down to 0.1% or 1%– Constant brightness change over the dimmer scale, no “dead-travel” of the dimmer– Dim-to-warm (see above) & tunable white (separate control on intensity & colour temperature)

Robustness: works flawlessly with standard controls in the market– 0..10V / 1..10V– DALI– DMX and DMX/RDM– Wireless: Bluetooth Low Energy NB: Leading Edge / Trailing Edge / Phase Cut / TRIAC : these are not supported by eldoLED(these methods are designed for incandescent / halogen lamps; method is not standardized & method is too slow for the very quick / speedy leds. Somewhere you will loose on dim quality)

Dim to 5%Dim to 1% Dim to 0.1% / dark

Dimming – a trivial story?

Dimming performance: measured versus perceived light

14

Dim to dark / 0.1%2 to 3% perceived

Dim to 10%32% perceived

Dim 1%10% perceived

Source: IESNA Handbook, 9th edition, measured versus perceived light

How LED drivers dim

15

• Switching LED on/off in fixed frequency

✓ Good dimming regulations at low levels

X Potential noise generation

X Potentially undesirable flicker, depending on frequency and amplitude

• Varying LED current, LED always on

✓ No flicker✓ No noise generation✓ Higher LED efficacy at lower

dimming levelsX Poor dimming regulation at

very deep dimming (low current) levels

X Potential colour shift in leds

PWM dimmingpulse width modulation

CCR dimmingconstant current reduction

Hybrid Hydra Drive dimming“improved” modulation

• LED are not switched off (amplitude change)

• Modulation in variable frequency✓ Best dimming regulations at deep

dimming levels✓ High duty cycle frequencies

✓ Acceptable flicker✓ Dimming all the way to dark 0.1%

measured (2 to 3% perceived light)✓ Increasing LED efficacy at dimming✓ Low noise generation

How LED drivers dim

16

• Switching LED on/off in fixed frequency

✓ Good dimming regulations at low levels

X Potential noise generation

X Potentially undesirable flicker, depending on frequency and amplitude

• Varying LED current, LED always on

✓ No flicker✓ No noise generation✓ Higher LED efficacy at lower

dimming levelsX Poor dimming regulation at

very deep dimming (low current) levels

X Potential colour shift in leds

• LED are not switched off (amplitude change)

• Modulation in variable frequency✓ Best dimming regulations at deep

dimming levels✓ High duty cycle frequencies

✓ Acceptable flicker✓ Dimming all the way to dark 0.1%

measured (2 to 3% perceived light)✓ Increasing LED efficacy at dimming✓ Low noise generation

PWM CCR Hybrid Hydra Drive

flicker

flickerflicker

dim-to-dark

dim-to-dark dim-

to-dark

17

Flicker

Flicker. Who cares? You should!

18

Potential flicker-induced problems like:

The human body / the human eye

Headaches, fatigue, blurred vision, eyestrain

Neurological problems, including epileptic seizure

Increased autistic behaviors, especially in children

Camera recordings

‘Unstable light / vertical stripes’ in video or film recordings

Flicker is increasingly becoming a concern in the lighting industry

How to prevent flicker ?Follow recommendation IEEE 1789

rouLED table

Flicker. Who cares? You should!

19

Mapping the drivers’ performance on flicker

21

eldoLED specification sheets with objective flicker data

22

Dynamic white and flicker

23

Dynamic white and flicker

Dimming down the warm white- & dimming up the cold white LEDs

Dimming twice = Cross dimming!

Luminaire

Control

Flicker

2700K3450K4200K4950K5700K

Colour mixing and flicker – cross dimming !

25

If you don’t want flicker, specify IEEE1789 when you want

• Regular dimming

and / or when implementing

• Dynamic white lighting (regular dimming & colour changing: cross dimming)

Recommendation

26

Camera compatibility

LED lighting & TV studio camera

27

When do you see interference in your recordings?

28

Cameras

• a camera receives light via regular opening and closing of the lens; shutter times

• Some cameras have fixed shutter times and other cameras have variable shutter times

Electric LED light

• most LED light flickers invisibly when dimmed

• some drivers use fixed frequencies (PWM) and other drivers use variable frequencies (hybrid hydra drive)

Your recorded image will contain interference / striping / rainbow effect

if camera shutter times and LED dimming frequencies are not in-line

“if one dances off beat”

Your recorded image will be smooth and regular

if camera shutter times and LED dimming frequencies are 100% in-line

“if they dance to the same beat”

Types of cameras

29

Most TV studio-, video conferencing-, CCTV- and HD-cameras are based on a

fixed shutter times of 50 or 60Hz

Portable cameras / mobile phones have automatic adjustable, rolling shutter times.

The adjustable shutter time acts on the amount of light

30

X In general PWM dimming frequencies can not be divided by 50 / 60Hz

X Noticeable rainbow effect with HD-, TV-studio-, video conferencing- or CCTV cameras - Mixed colours will be separated into

red, green and blue

✓ HHD dimming frequencies are always multiples of the camera frequency which is 50 / 60Hz.

✓ Reduced rainbow effect with HD-, TV-, studio-, video conferencing- or CCTV cameras

3rd party PWM dimming vs.

Types of LED drivers & HD camera compatibility

eldoLED Hybrid HydraDrive dimming

PWM dimming

31

• In general LED drivers have fixed dimming frequency in the range of 250Hz - 2000Hz

• In general PWM dimming frequencies can not be divided by 50 / 60Hz

• Each frame receives different amount of LED light. This will result in visible horizontal shadow lines

1 kHz dim

ming

Hybrid hydradrive dimming

32

• Hybrid Hydra Drive works with variable frequencies

• All dimming frequencies can be divided by 50 / 60Hz

• Each frame receives the same amount of LED light

• Smooth recorded images

33

Driver hardware

34

Which power grid?The power grid (mains) is 220/230VAC in Europe and Australia, but 120VAC in USCheck which mains input the driver can handle

AC drivers or DC drivers?

AC (Alternating Current) drivers can be directly connected to mains power gridDC (Direct Current) drivers need a separate power supply to convert mains (e.g. 220VAC) down to low voltage 12/24VDC

The driver

The driver: constant current or constant voltage

35

CC or CV: dependent on the layout of the LEDs

Constant CurrentFor LED modulesE.g. downlights or panelsE.g. “Cree”, “Bridgelux”, “Xicato”

Constant VoltageAssures uniform light distribution across long strips of LEDsFor LED strips, typically 12V, 24V or 48V outputE.g. “LED Linear”, “KKDC”

45

Network interfacesDALI

0-10V / 1-10V

DMX, DMX / RDM

Wireless

The lighting system

46

4 supported lighting protocols

1. DALIDigital protocol for white light or for dynamic white lightBi directional communicationFlexible system, with possibility to create lighting groupsSpecial knowledge is needed for commissioning

2. 0-10V or 1-10VAnalogue protocol for white lightOne directional communicationEasy commissioning, less possibilities than DALIVery sensitive to external disturbances: wires should not run next to mains cables / motors / fans

3. DMX or DMX/RDMDigital protocol for coloured light, RGB(W)DMX – mono directional communicationRDM – bi directional communicationSuited for entertainment lighting or architectural lighting

4. WirelessMany proprietary solutionsZigbee, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), MESH, WiFi, LiFi, …..It’s a jungle out there ☺ !

47

DALI vs 1-10V / 0-10V

48

Lighting protocol vs dimming levels

49

The lighting protocol does NOT define to which level you can dim down to

Lighting protocol 10% / 32% 5% / 22% 1% / 10% 0.1% / dark

DALI √ √ √ √

1-10 V √ √ √ √

0-10 V √ √ √ √

DMX √ √ √ √

Wireless (e.g. BLE) √ √ √ √

Lighting protocol vs dimming levels

50

The lighting protocol does NOT define to which level you can dim down toIt’s the driver brand / driver technology that defines this

Lighting protocol 10% / 32% 5% / 22% 1% / 10% 0.1% / dark

DALI √ √ √ √

1-10 V √ √ √ √

0-10 V √ √ √ √

DMX √ √ √ √

Wireless (e.g. BLE) √ √ √ √

eldoLED 10% / 32% 5% / 22% 1% / 10% 0.1% / dark

DALI x x ECO SOLO/DUAL/LIN

1-10 V x x ECO SOLO/DUAL/LIN

0-10 V x x ECO SOLO/DUAL/LIN

DMX x x x POWER/LIN

Wireless (e.g. BLE) x x ECO SOLO/DUAL/LIN

DALI

52

Advantages of DALI• Full digital control: group creation or individual control of fixtures• DALI is a standard and its quality is safeguarded by the DALI organization• Dimming curve is standardized – in principle always compatibility between controllers &

drivers

Disadvantage of DALI• Specific knowledge is needed during installation & commissioning• Specific wiring is needed, although easy and without polarity• Software commission is needed• Existence of DALI dialects, which might hamper compatibility• Maximum 64 “ballasts” (addresses) on 1 DALI controller

53

DALI standard – What is DALI?

Commercial

• It’s a lighting protocol (not a building management system like KNX or Crestron)

• Digital Addressable Lighting Interface

• is an IEC Standard, everybody can use it

• registered logos by DiiA, Digital Illumination Interface Alliance

• manufacturers must be members of DiiA

• eldoLED / Acuity is full member of DiiA

• I am a member of the Promotion Work Group of DiiA

Technical

• two wire control lead

• BUS based protocol, all DALI components in parallel (max 64 per controller)

• digital and bi-directional communication

• 254 digital dimming values (set points from 1 to 254, from 0.1% to 100%)

• baud rate 1,200 bits per second (DMX is 250,000 bits per second)

• DALI-2 is a new certification program which brings the promise of significantly improved interoperability and additional functionality compared with current DALI

systems in the market

DALI implementation

54

Logarithmic dimming curve in the driver !

DALI setpoint

000 001 060 085 126 144 170 195 210 220 229 235 241 246 250 254

% light output

0% 0.1% 0.5% 1% 3% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

DALI set point,

DALI implementation

55


DALI setpoint

000 001 060 085 126 144 170 195 210 220 229 235 241 246 250 254

% light output

0% 0.1% 0.5% 1% 3% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

DALI set point,

DALI implementation

56


DALI setpoint

000 001 060 085 126 144 170 195 210 220 229 235 241 246 250 254

% light output

0% 0.1% 0.5% 1% 3% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Some DALI controllers cannot dim below 1%, because they cannot / will not send out a DALI set point lower than 085.

If you want to dim-to-dark, please specify a DALI controller that can handle the whole range of DALI set points: from 1 to 254.

With DALI controllers that cannot dim below 1%, all DALI set point levels values under 085 (except 0 = off) are interpreted as a minimum light level.

DALI set point,

DALI implementation

57


DALI setpoint

000 001 060 085 126 144 170 195 210 220 229 235 241 246 250 254

% light output

0% 0.1% 0.5% 1% 3% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

% perceived light

0% 1 to3%

10% 22% 32% 45% 53% 62% 69% 76% 82% 88% 94% 100%

Relation between DALI setpoint, % light ouput and perceived light

DALI set point,

DALI is a language

• DALI commands has a translation to English

• You can speak DALI!

58

Light On 100%

What light level do you

have?

Launch the Scene 1

DIRECT ARC POWER 254

QUERY ACTUAL LEVEL

GOTO SCENE 1

ENGLISH DALI

DALI standard – Commissioning process example

59

Art gallery:Each painting should have independent light brightness control


60

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast


61

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

Hello?


62

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

Hi!


63

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

What type of device are you?


64

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

I’m a LED driver device type 6


65

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

You are the short address A01


66

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

I am short address A01


67

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

You will be added to DALI “group 1”


68

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

I’m added to “group 1”

DALI standard – DALI commands

69

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

Dim DALI “group 1” to 10%

DALI standard – DALI commands

70

DALI Control device

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

DALI Ballast

Understood

Colour Sciencetunable white, dim-to-warm, DALI DT6, DALI Colour DT8, LightShape

72

Light, visible light

Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity.

When the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (for humans between 390nm and 700nm), it is known as "visible light".

Colour perception

Colour seen by humans – many ways to define ...

73

Colour CIE1931

• Colour space : x, y, z (includes intensity)• Chromaticiy : x, y (no intensity)• Correlated Colour Temperature CCT: degrees Kelvin

CCT 4000 K is a line, not a single point

4000 K on black body: x = 0.38044, y = 0.37675)

Creation of tunable white / dim to warmThe ideal path travels exactly on the black body locusIn reality – with 2 colours – it’s a straight line, not over the BBLSee example from 4000K to 2000K

You have to check the language that you choose You have to check how you communicate about colour: K or x,y

Black Body Locus / Planckian locusThe ideal white light – “ the sun changes colour like this “

!

DALI standard – IEC 62386

209

Colour Control

(device type 8)

. . .

205

Incandescent

Dimmer

(device type 4)

206

1-10V Converter

(device type 5)

207

LED

(device type 6)

208

Switching

(device type 7)

201

Fluorescent

(device type 0)

202

Self-contained Emergency

(device type 1)

203

HID

(device type 2)

204

LV Halogen

(device type 3)

102 – General requirements - Control gear

101 – General requirements - System

Particular Requirements (Extensions)

General Requirements

74

DALI standard – IEC 62386

209

Colour Control

(device type 8)

. . .

205

Incandescent

Dimmer

(device type 4)

206

1-10V Converter

(device type 5)

207

LED

(device type 6)

208

Switching

(device type 7)

201

Fluorescent

(device type 0)

202

Self-contained Emergency

(device type 1)

203

HID

(device type 2)

204

LV Halogen

(device type 3)

102 – General requirements - Control gear

101 – General requirements - System

Particular Requirements (Extensions)

General Requirements

75

Colour science: your expectations

76

Tunable White

Specify and reproduce natural daylight's colours and transitions. Allows you to recreate the light of any time of the day, the colour and quality of light that fits your mood and space.

•DALI, with 2 handles:- Intensity: perfect dimming to dark (0.1%) via digital DALI setpoints- CCT: via exact Kelvin value or digital DALI setpoints

•Define intensity dimming curve for control operability

•True interoperability with majority of tunable white LED modules

•True interoperability with all major OEM luminaire brands

Colour science: your expectations

77

Dim To Warm

Produce the warm and comfortable light of incandescent or halogen. Dim-to-Warm turns white LED sources into warm colours as they are dimmed, creating a comfortable ambience.

•DALI or 0-10V, with 1 handle:- Intensity: perfect warm dimming to dark (0.1%)

•Define intensity dimming curve for control operability

•True interoperability with majority of tunable white LED modules

•True interoperability with all major OEM luminaire brands

Creating tunable white

Dimmer or controller sends information on intensity and colour to the LED driver using a particular communication protocol.

The LED driver translates this information into current for the connected LEDs.

78

Creating tunable white: DALI DT6

You use

• two single-channel DALI LED drivers

• two addresses in DALI DT6

You achieve the desired light level and colour by

• dimming warm white LEDs with one slider

• dimming cool white LEDs with the other slider

The user needs visual feedback; the colour setting is based on a feeling and is achieved by trial and error.

79

Creating tunable white: DALI DT6

You use• one dual-channel DALI LED

driver• two addresses in DALI DT6

You achieve the desired light level and colour by• dimming warm white LEDs with

one slider• dimming cool white LEDs with

the other slider

The user needs visual feedback; the colour setting is based on a feeling and is achieved by trial and error.

Still no guarantee of colourconsistency.

80

Creating tunable white: DALI DT6 with Lightshape

You use

• One dual-channel, DALI LED driver with LightShape

• Two addresses in DALI DT6

You achieve the desired light level and colourby

• dimming the LEDs with one slider (address 1)

• choosing the colour with the other slider (address 2)

• For each address, pick a DALI setpoint between 0 and 255.

LightShape on DT6 introduces relative colourscience. The user chooses a relative dim level and a relative colour. LightShape: link and translation to the different LEDs

Visual feedback still required, but the result is perfect colour experience with the best possible colour consistency over the different LED’s

81

Creating tunable white: DALI DT8 with LightshapeDifferent language, same challenge

82

You use

• One dual-channel, DALI LED driver with LightShape

• only one addresses in DALI DT8

You achieve the desired light level and colour by

• dimming LEDs with one slider (DALI setpoint 0-255)

• setting the colour with one of the four colourcontrol methods

IEC 62386 has defined 4 colour control methods:

• Primary colour

• X and Y coordinates via CIE1931

• Kelvin (most LED drivers support only this method, as does eldoLED)

• RGBWAF

In principle, no visual feedback is required.

LightShape is the link and translation to the LEDs. Result: perfect colour experience, with the best possible colour consistency.

Creating dynamic white: DALI DT6 vs DALI DT8

83

DALI DT6 - 207

• 2 DALI addresses are needed• Colour scenes need to be programmed• Compatibility / interoperability is

guaranteed.• All available 207 compliant LED drivers

are 100% DiiA certified.

DALI DT8 - 209, aka DALI Colour

• Only 1 DALI address is needed• Integrated, pre programmed colour scenes• Compatibility / interoperability

is not guaranteed by default• None of the available 209 compliant LED

drivers have officially been DiiA certified, as the DT8/209 test sequence has not yet been defined.

DALI DT8 is just the language, not the total answer ☺

The language alone does not give the solution for the consistency requestDALI DT8 makes communication easier, but it might hamper interoperability

DALI DT8 (209) – the studybook is ready, but the exam is not...The standard is ready, but there is no official delivery certification, as the test is not defined.Offical DiiA certified DALI DT8 LED drivers cannot yet be delivered... timing is unclear

So compatibility between DALI DT8-controllers and DALI DT8-LED drivers is not guaranteed yet!DALI DT8 controller and DT8 LED driver combinations need to be tested upfront!!

84

• DALI DT8 only uses 1 DALI channel / DALI address for colour & intensity setting• DALI DT8 enables easier communication, but needs specific attention to interoperability of drivers - controllers• DALI DT8 test is not yet defined by DiiA→ no official DiiA certification for DALI DT8 LED drivers • eldoLED DALI DT8 drivers available Q1 2019, compatible with Helvar, Tridonic, Lunatone & Lutron DALI DT8 controllers

LightShape

Management & compensation for these technical dependencies is needed

LightShape

Now implemented in our standard drivers to create better tunable white / dimtowarm

• DALI DT8 makes it easier from a controls perspective

• DALI DT8 does not solve the inconsistency issue

• DALI DT8 might even impact DALI interoperability, as the LED drivers cannot be DiiA certified yet

86

Colour science with DALI DT6 vs DT8, with and without LightShape

CCT in Kelvin

Dim level %

Colour level %

Dim level %

DUAL DALI DT8LED driver

DUAL DALI DT6LED driver LS

Dim level % led cw

Dim level % led wwDUAL DALI DT6

LED driver

Standard DT6

DT6 with LightShape driver

Standard DT8

CCT in Kelvin

Dim level %

DUAL DALI DT8LED driver LS

DT8 with LightShape driver

DUAL DALI DT6LED driverDUAL DALI DT6

LED driver

DUAL DALI DT6LED driver LSDUAL DALI DT6

LED driver LS

DUAL DALI DT8LED driverDUAL DALI DT8

LED driver

DUAL DALI DT8LED driver LSDUAL DALI DT8

LED driver LS

High risk of inconsistency

Best consistency

High risk of inconsistency

Best consistency

2 addresses

2 addresses

1 address

1 address

88

light mixing

relative user settings

exact user settings

exact user settings

89

Dynamic white

lighting made easytunable white / dim-to-warm

Human Centric Lighting (HCL)

90

Lighting that is modelled to follow natural daylight - the rhythm of the day

• Kelvin changes (warm white / cold white)• Intensity changes (dimming)

Dynamic white lightingDim to warmTunable white

A technology choice needs to be made

Human Centric Lighting – what is it?

91

Dynamic lighting, the ‘holy grail’, linked to human-well being & productivity

Several of these solutions are commercially available, but• sometimes dimming is pretty lousy, because of e.g. flickering, dim to only 10%,

steppiness or shocks• official DALI colour (DT8 / 209) is not yet available (the study book is ready, but

the exam is not)• existing systems are specific and need significant commissioning efforts

(e.g. DMX)

LightShape: taking eldoLED’s dimming to the next level → dimming 2.0

All the way down-to-dark (hybrid hydra drive) & flicker-free (IEEE 1789), extended with tunable white & dim-to-warm!

Dynamic white lighting

92

It’s a technology- and architecture choice in your lighting system1. In the LED module itself?2. In the controller / dimmer ?3. In the LED driver?

FactsAll LEDs have different technical characteristics

– different currents, different lumen outputs, different colour temperatures– LED modules, LED strips

Many luminaire brands use different LEDs, because of different needs

Question?How to achieve homogeneity and similarity in your dynamic lighting, between brands of LEDs, between fixtures and between several fixture brands?While maintaining freedom of choice in controllers?

AnswerOrganize colour management as close to the LEDs as possible…!

How and where to organize it?

93

LightShape is eldoLED’s implementation of offering dynamic white lighting –with 2 leds - via the driver

Enabling tunable white and dim-to-warm with standard controls, standard LED modules and standard eldoLED drivers

Building a lighting solution, you want• free choice in LEDs • free choice in controllers• no hassle during installation• consistency in light effect, both for fixture-to-fixture & brand-to-brand• perfect light effect, both in dimming & colour management

LightShape is an OEM tool, to be implemented by the fixture manufacturer

Dynamic white lighting

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We’ve made the driver more intelligent, by “telling” the driver which type of LEDs are connected ándwhich light effect is needed

The LightShape colour science algorithms do the rest……

DALI drivers for dynamic white & dim-to-warm(in combination with standard DALI DT6- & in future also with DALI DT8-controllers)

Available for constant current driversNew: proof of concept for constant voltage drivers

TOOLbox Pro hardware & FluxTool software

HCL – organize it ín the driver

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• GamutThe full potential colour range of luminaire, based on choice of LED’s

• PathRange of colours a luminaire can actually produce, based on application needs

• User interfaceHow many handles to operate the light: 1 rotary knob, 1 or 2 sliders, a touch panel or an app?

• Network interfaceWhich control / dimming protocol is used?

Implementation: 4 topics

If you choose 2 different colours in your fixture (cold white- & warm white leds), you then need to think about the following 4 topics:

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Dynamic white light – gamut & path

CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagramSource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature


• PathPange of colours a luminaire can actually produce, based on application needs




Gamut

LED Module 1: warm-to-icecold

• 2700K – 6500 K

LED Module 2: deep-warm to neutral

• 1800K – 4000K

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Gamut

LED Module 1: warm-to-icecold• 2700K – 6500K

LED Module 2: deep-warm to neutral• 1800K – 4000K

Path

• 2700K – 4000K

One DALI DT6 (!) controller, steering 2 different leds via a DUAL DALI driver with Lightshape

Slider A: intensitySlider B: colour temperature

Good similarity in colour experience!

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Dynamic white light – user interface

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One rotary knobfor dim-to-warm

Two sliders for tunable white

Touch panelwith pre-set scenes and/or buttons A bluetooth app with

pre-set scenes and/or buttons





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Dynamic white light – networking protocol

or

or

eldoLED does not support leading-, trailing edge / triac / phase cut dimming

(may follow later)





0-10V / 1-10V

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Advantages of 0-10V dimming• Traditional way of dimming, known analogue protocol• No (software) commission needed• Low cost dimming method

Disadvantages of 0-10V dimming• No addressing is possible, all connected LED-drivers react identical on a command from

their controller• Groups options can only be created by adding extra 0-10V networks (i.e. extra controller

and extra cabling)• 2 wire control lead, polarity sensitive• Dimming curve is not standardized on shape and tolerance (linear, logarithmic, square,

soft-linear)• Dimming curve is not standardized on full light output, minimum light output and light off• Long wire distance needs special attention because of voltage drop and potential noise

from environment

Difference between 1-10V and 0-10V

There are two known standards

1-10V = IEC60929 (Annex E)

0-10V = ESTA E1.3, Entertainment Technology – Lighting Control System – 0-10V Analog

Control Protocol, Draft 9 June 1997

Main difference is the current direction between dimmer and LED driver.

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Dimmer1-10V output

LED driver1-10V input

current source current sink

Dimmer0-10V output

LED driver0-10V input

current source current sink

1-10V“general lighting”

0-10V“entertainment”

eldoLED supports both standards

DMX & DMX / RDM

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Advantages of DMX• Made for colour dynamics, but also for sound & moving heads• Used for architectural lighting, e.g. RGB(W)• Speed• Standardized protocol• One DMX universe can handle 512 individual addresses• Maximum length between controller and last driver is maximum 300 meters

Advantages of DMX/RDM• No need to program the driver individually – can be done via the RDM controller

Disadvantages of DMX & DMX/RDM• Complexity - specialized knowledge is needed• Special cabling• Individual programming of drivers is needed (not with DMX)• Not a good match with traditional ‘installers’

Wireless – it’s a jungle out there !

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Wireless – some requirements

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A jungle – one can’t see the wood from the trees

MESH, WiFi, LiFi, Zigbee, BLE, wireless DALI, nLight, Atrius, Gooee, Xicato GalaXi, …

What to choose? What to specify? Linked to only one luminaire brand?Linked to only one LED module manufacturer?Linked to which ‘standard’ ? How to make sure the Quality of Light (dimming quality) is not affected?How to make sure the Quality of Light (‘flicker’ IEEE1789?) is not affected?

In essence: easier & better controls are needed• Commissioning the network must become easier• Using the light via apps – phone, tablet and other devices• Using the light via ‘normal’ wall switches

eldoLED wireless hardware platform

Symbiosis – a new range of external accessories, externally connected with eldoLED drivers via the LED Code interface

BLE radio modulefully digitally integrated with eldoLED drivers

it ‘talks’ Bluetooh Low Energy combined with Quality of Light (dim-to-dark & flicker free IEEE1789)But...it’s useless without an app / a control interface

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eldoLED wireless hardware platform

Symbiosis – a new range of external accessories, externally connected with eldoLED drivers via the LED Code interface

BLE radio modulefully digitally integrated with eldoLED drivers

it ‘talks’ Bluetooh Low Energy combined with Quality of Light (dim-to-dark & flicker free IEEE1789)

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for Europe / APAC

for USA

Wireless Bluetooth MESH – why do disruptive?

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• Bluetooth Low Energy

• Mesh Network Technology – Self-Healing

• Tightest Possible Integration

• Powerful User-friendly Software (IOS or Andriod)

Wireless

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Casambi – a well known name with established relations with 300 luminaire makersCasbami – a proprietary controls solution based on BLE, Bluetooth Low Energy 4.0Casambi – lighting controls / commissioning made easy via appCasambi – using the light via app, but also via fixed wall switches / dimmersCasambi – offered by system integrators

Typical Wiring Diagrams

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LEDcode

LEDcode

BT-L2C1In-luminaire, remote antenna

LEDcode

BT-L1C1In-luminaire, integrated antenna

BT-S1C1Standalone, integrated antenna

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The lighting system

The controller (or dimmer)

The controller is the brains of the lighting network

It sends out a signal over the lighting networkThe signal is picked up by drivers and translated into a light effect

eldoLED supports 3 lighting network interfaces• 0-10V & 1-10V : white functional lighting or warm dimming• DALI: white functional- or dynamic white lighting• DMX & DMX/RDM: coloured RGB(W) or dynamic white lighting

(eldoLED does not support leading edge / trailing edge / phase cut / triac)

Integration with building management systems / domotica like KNXVia KNX gateways to DALI, 0-10V/1-10V or DMX

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The controller – some brands

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eldoLED driver range

Dimming(measured light levels)

AC energyusage

DC energyusage

Controls # control channels

(“addresses”) DALI0-10V 1-10V

DMXRDM

constant current

SOLO dark / 0.1% 20, 30,50, 100W √ √ 1

ECO to 1% 20, 30,50, 100W √ √ 1

DUAL dark / 0.1% 50, 100W √ 2

POWER dark / 0.1% 50W, 100W (√) √ 1, 2, 3 or 4

constant voltage

LINEAR dark / 0.1% 100W √ √ 1, 2, 3 or 4

LIN180 dark / 0.1% 180W √ 1, 2, 3 or 4

LIN720 dark / 0.1% Up to 1150W √ √ 1, 2, 3 or 4

LIN210/212 dark / 0.1% 200W √ 1 / 2

LIN211 dark / 0.1% 200W √ 1

LIN220/222 dark / 0.1% 200W √ 1 / 2

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eldoLED driver range

AC drivers

# output groups

# control channels

20W ECO 1 1

20W SOLO 1 1

30W ECO 1 1

30W SOLO 1 1

50W ECO 1 1

50W SOLO 2 1

50W DUAL 2 2

50W POWER 3 or 4 1, 2, 3 or 4

100W SOLO 4 1

100W DUAL 4 2

100W POWER 4 1, 2, 3 or 4

100W LINEAR 4 1, 2, 3 or 4

DC drivers

MaxEnergy

# output groups

# control channels

LIN720DMX, DALI

24AX 48V =1152W

4 1, 2, 3 or 4

LIN180DMX

6AX 24V = 144W

4 1, 2, 3 or 4

LIN210DALI

8AX 24V = 192W

2 1

LIN220DALI

8AX 24V = 192W

2 2

LIN2110-10v

8AX 24V = 192W

2 1

LIN212DMX

8AX 24V = 192W

2 1

LIN222DMX

8AX 24V = 192W

2 2

Specifier conclusions

The driver arranges the dimming – so the choice of the driver is crucial to get the light effect that your customer needs. A driver can always be specified separately - you are in control ;)

1. Choose a driver that dims to the level that your customer needs (dim to dark 0.1% versus dim to 1% versus dim to a higher level)

2. Choose a driver that delivers non-harmful flicker, when dimming(follow the independent IEEE 1789 recommendation)

3. Choose a driver that gives you good HD camera compatibility(without visible interference)

4. Choose how and where to manage the colour management in your lighting system(best is: as close to the leds as possible)

5. Choose a driver that gives you good warm dimming or good tunable white control(choose a good dimming method, a good driver and a good dimmer. Test the total system)

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