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European Standard EN 1290 : 1998 + A1 : 2002 has the status of a DIN Standard.

National foreword

This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 121.The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Ma-terials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee Elektrische und magnetische Prfverfahren.

Amendments

This standard differs from the March 1998 edition in that it has been editorially revised.

Previous edition

DIN EN 1290: 1998-03.

ICS 25.160.40

Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen Magnetpulverprfung von Schweiverbindungen(enthlt nderung A1 : 2002)

Ref . No. DIN EN 1290 : 2002-09English pr ice group 10 Sales No. 1110

04.03

DEUTSCHE NORM September 2002

EN 1290{

EN comprises 12 pages.

No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen) .

Non-destructive testing of welds

Magnetic particle testing of welds(includes Amendment A1)

English version of DIN EN 1290 : 1998 + A1 : 2002

SupersedesMarch 1998 edition.

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English version

ICS 25.160.40

Management Centre: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

European Committee for Standardization

Comit Europen de Normalisation

Europisches Komitee fr Normung

Non-destructive testing of welds

Magnetic particle testing of welds(includes Amendment A1)

2002. CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any meansreserved worldwide for CEN national members.

Ref. No. EN 1290 : 1998 + A1 : 2002 E

Contrle non destructif des assem-blages souds Contrle parmagntoscopie des assemblagessouds (Amendement A1 inclus)

Zerstrungsfreie Prfung vonSchweiverbindungen Magnet-pulverprfung von Schwei-verbindungen(enthlt nderung A1 : 2002)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1998-01-26. Amendment A1was approved by CEN on 2002-04-28.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulationswhich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of anational standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to anyCEN member.

The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German).A version in any other language made by translat ion under the responsibili ty of aCEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre hasthe same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land, and the United Kingdom.

EN 1290February 1998

+ A1May 2002

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Page 2EN 1290 : 1998 + A1 : 2002

Page

Foreword to EN 1290 : 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Foreword to EN 1290 : 1998/A1 : 2002 . . . . . . 2

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Definit ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4 Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.1 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.1.1 Items to be specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.1.2 Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.2 Personnel qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.3 Surface conditions and preparation . . . . . 4

5.4 Magnetizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4.1 Magnetizing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5.4.2 Verification of magnetization . . . . . . . . . 4

5.5 Application techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5.5.1 Field directions and testing area . . . . . . 5

5.5.2 Typical magnetic testing techniques . . . 6

Page

5.6 Detecting media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5.6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5.6.2 Verification of detecting mediaperformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5.7 Viewing conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.8 Application of detecting media . . . . . . . . . 10

5.9 Overall performance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.10 False indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.11 Recording of indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.12 Demagnetization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.13 Test report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Annex A ( informative) Sensitivity aspects . . . 11

A.1 Surface conditions and preparation . . . . . 11

A.2 Magnetizing equipment characteristics . . 11

A.3 Magnetic field strength and

permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.4 Detecting media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Annex ZA ( informative) Clauses of thisEuropean Standard addressingessential requirements or otherprovisions of EU directives . . . . . . 12

Contents

Foreword to EN 1290 : 1998

This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 121 Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Commission of European

Communities and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the relevant ECDirective.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by August 1998 at the latest.

In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implementthis European Standard:

Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Foreword to EN 1290 : 1998/A1 : 2002

This Amendment to EN 1290 : 1998 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 Welding, theSecretariat of which is held by DS.

This Amendment has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the relevant EC Directive. For rela-tionship with this directive, see Annex ZA.

This Amendment shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by November 2002 at the latest.

In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implementthis European Standard:

Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

1 Scope

This standard specifies magnetic particle testing techniques for the detection of surface imperfections inferromagnetic welds including the heat-affected zones, using the magnetic method. Techniques recommendedare suitable for most welding processes and joint configurations. Variations to the basic techniques that willprovide a higher or lower testing sensitivity, are described in Annex A.

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Techniques for testing of welds, with geometries in accordance with those shown in tables1, 2 and 3 can beused directly from this standard.

Acceptance levels for indications are described in EN1291.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These

normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition ofthe publication referred to applies.

EN473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles

EN1291 Non-destructive examination of welds Magnetic particle testing of welds Acceptance levels

EN12062 Non-destructive examination of welds General rules for metallic materials

ENISO3059 Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions(ISO3059 : 2001)

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN12062 apply.

4 Safety precautions

European, national and local safety and environmental protection regulations shall be observed.

Special consideration shall be given to toxic flammable and/or volatile materials, electrical safety and unfilteredUV radiation.

5 General

5.1 Information

5.1.1 Items to be specified

Before carrying out magnetic particle testing, the following items, if applicable, shall be specified:a) specific testing procedure;

b) certification requirements for NDT personnel;

c) extent of coverage;

d) state of manufacture;

e) testing techniques to be used;

f) overall performance test;

g) demagnetization;

h) acceptance level;

i) action necessary for unacceptable indications.

5.1.2 Additional information

Prior to testing, the following additional information can be required:a) type and designation of the parent and weld materials;

b) welding process;

c) location and extent of welds to be examined;

d) joint preparation and dimensions;

e) location and extent of any repairs;

f) post-weld treatment (if any);

g) surface conditions.

Operators can ask for further information that could be helpful in determining the nature of any indicationsdetected.

5.2 Personnel qualification

Personnel performing non-destructive testing in accordance with this standard shall be qualified to an appro-priate level in accordance with EN473 or an equivalent standard at an appropriate level in the relevant industrialsector.

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5.3 Surface conditions and preparation

Areas to be examined shall be free from scale, oil , grease weld spatter, machining marks, dirt, heavy and loosepaint and any other foreign matter that can affect sensitivity.

It may be necessary to improve the surface condition (e.g. using emery paper or local grinding) to permitaccurate interpretation of indications.

Cleaning and preparation of surfaces shall not be detrimental to the material, the surface finish or the magnetictesting media.

5.4 Magnetizing

5.4.1 Magnetizing equipment

Unless otherwise agreed, the following types of a.c. magnetizing equipment shall be used:

a) electromagnetic yokes;

b) current flow equipment with prods;

c) adjacent or threading conductors or coil techniques.

d.c. magnetization or permanent magnets may be used if specified.

The magnetizing equipment used shall comply with the requirements of relevant European standards. Prior tothe publication of European Standards related to the subject, the relevant national standards may be used.

Where prods are used, precautions shall be taken to minimize overheating, burning or arcing at the contact tips.

Removal of arc burns shall be carried out where necessary. The affected area shall be tested by a suitablemethod to ensure the integrity of the surface.

5.4.2 Verification of magnetization

For most weldable ferromagnetic materials, a tangential magnetic field strength of 2 kA/m to 6 kA/m (r.m.s.) isrecommended.

Verification of the magnetic field strength shall be carried out using one of the following methods:

a) a component containing fine natural or artificial imperfections in the least favourable locations;

b) measurement of the tangential field strength as close as possible to the surface using a Hall effect probe;the appropriate tangential field strength may be difficult to measure close to abrupt changes in the shapeof a component, or where flux leaves the surface of a component;

c) calculation of the approximate current value in order to achieve the recommended tangential fieldstrength; calculations may be based on the current values specified in tables 2 and 3;

d) other methods based on established principles.NOTE: Flux indicators in contact with the surface under testing can provide a guide to the magnitude and

direction of the tangential field, but should not be used to verify whether the field strength is acceptable.

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5.5 Application techniques

5.5.1 Field directions and testing area

The detectability of an imperfection depends on the angle of its major axis with respect to the direction of themagnetic field. This is explained for one direction of magnetization in figure 1.

1 Magnetic field direction

2 Optimum sensitivity

3 Reducing sensitivity

4 Insufficient sensitivity

a angle between the magnetic field and the direction of the imperfection

amin

minimum angle for imperfection detection

ai

example of imperfection orientation

Figure 1: Directions of detectable imperfections

To ensure detection of imperfections in all orientations, the welds shall be magnetized in two directionsapproximately normal to each other with a maximum deviation of 30. This can be achieved using one or moremagnetization methods.

Testing in only one field direction may be carried out if specified.

When testing incorporates the use of yokes or prods, there will be an area of the component, in the vicinity ofeach pole piece or tip that will be impossible to examine due to excessive magnetic field strength, usually shownby furring of particles.

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Care shall be taken to ensure adequate overlap of the testing areas as shown in figures2 and 3.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 2: Examples of effective testing area (shaded) for magnetizing with yokes and prods

1 Effective area

2 Overlap

Figure 3: Overlap of effective areas

5.5.2 Typical magnetic testing techniquesAppl ication of magnetic partic le testing techniques to common weld joint configurations are shown in tables 1,2 and 3. Values are given for guidance purposes only. Where possible, the same directions of magnetization,and field overlaps, should be used for other weld geometries to be tested. The dimension, d, the flux currentpath in the material shall be greater or equal to the width of the weld and the heat-affected zone +50mm andin all cases, the weld and the heat-affected zone shall be included in the effective area. The approximatedirection of magnetization related to the weld direction shall be specified.

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Table 1: Typical magnetizing techniques for yokes


d75

bd/2

bR90

d175

b1d

1/2

b2d

250

d275

d175

d275

b1d

1/2

b2d

250

d175

d275

b1d

1/2

b2d

250

For longitudinal cracks

For transverse cracks

For longitudinalcracks

For transverse cracks

For longitudinalcracks

For transversecracks

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Table 2: Typical magnetizing techniques for prods, using a magnetizing current 5 A/mm(r.m.s.) prod spacing


d75

bd/2

bR90

d75bd/2

d75bd/2

d75

bd/2

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N=number of turnsI=current (r.m.s.)

a=distance between weld and coil cable

Table 3: Typical magnetizing techniques for flexible cables or coils


20a50

NI8D

20a50

NI8D

20a50

NI8D




5.6 Detecting media

5.6.1 General

Detection media may be either in dry powder or liquid form and shall comply with the requirements of relevantEuropean Standards. Prior to the publication of European Standards related to the subject, the correspondingnational standards may be used.

5.6.2 Verification of detecting media performanceVerification of the detecting media shall be carried out periodically to confirm continuing satisfactory perform-ance.

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The verification shall be carried out on components having known or artificial surface imperfections, or on pre-magnetized reference pieces.

Indications obtained with the medium to be verified shall be compared against those obtained from a mediumhaving a known and acceptable performance. For this purpose, the reference indications may be:

a) real imperfections;

b) photograph(s);

c) replica(s).

5.7 Viewing conditions

The viewing conditions shall meet the requirements of ENISO3059.

5.8 Application of detecting media

After the object has been prepared for testing, the detecting medium shall be applied by spraying, flooding ordusting immediately prior to and during the magnetization. Following this, time shall be allowed for indicationsto form before removal of the magnetic field.

When magnetic suspensions are used, the magnetic field shall be maintained within the object until the majorityof the suspension carrier liquid has drained away from the testing surface. This will prevent any indicationsbeing washed away.

Depending on the material being examined, its surface condition and magnetic permeability, indication willnormally remain on the surface even after removal of the magnetic field, due to residual magnetism within thepart. However, the presence of residual magnetism shall not be presumed, post evaluation techniques afterremoval of the prime magnetic field source can be permitted only when a component has been proven by anoverall performance test to retain magnetic indications.

5.9 Overall performance test

Where defined by specification, an overall performance test of the system sensitivity for each specific proce-dure shall be carried out on site. The test shall be designed to ensure a proper functioning of the entire chainof parameters including the equipment, the magnetic field strength and direction, surface characteristics,detecting media and illumination.

The most reliable test is to use representative test pieces containing real imperfections of known type, location,size and size distribution. Where these are not available, fabricated test pieces with artificial imperfections, orflux shunting indicators of the cross-or shim-type may be used. The test pieces shall be demagnetized and freefrom indications resulting from previous tests.

5.10 False indications

False indications which may mask relevant indications can arise for many reasons (e.g. undercut and changesin magnetic permeability, i.e. in the heat-affected zone). Where masking is suspected the examination surfaceshall be dressed or suitable alternative test methods can be used.

5.11 Recording of indications

Indications can be recorded in one or more of the following ways by using:

a) description in writing;

b) sketches;

c) photography;

d) transparent adhesive tape;

e) transparent varnish for freezing the indication on the surface tested;f) peelable contrast aids;

g) video recording;

h) epoxy or chemical magnetic particle mixtures;

i ) magnetic tapes;

j) electronic scanning.

5.12 Demagnetization

After testing welds with alternating current, residual magnetization will normally be low and there wil l generallybe no need for demagnetization of the object under testing.

If the demagnetization is required by specification, it shall be carried out using a specified method and to adefined level 1).

1) For metal cutting processes, a typical residual field strength value, H, of 0,4kA/m or less is recommended.

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5.13 Test report

A test report shal l be prepared.

The following information should be included in the test report unless otherwise specified:

a) name of the company carrying out the test;

b) the object examined;

c) date of testing;

d) parent and weld materials;e) post-weld heat treatment;

f ) type of joint ;

g) material thickness;

h) welding process;

i) temperature of the test object, if outside normal ambient temperature;

j) identif ication of test procedure and description of the parameters used, including:

type of magnetization;

type of current;

detection media;

viewing conditions;

k) details and results of the overall performance test, where applicable;

l) acceptance levels;

m) description and location of all recordable indications;

n) test results with reference to acceptance level;

o) names, relevant qualification and signatures of personnel who carried out the test.

Annex A (informative)Sensitivity aspects

A.1 Surface conditions and preparation

The maximum testing sensitivity that can be achieved by any magnetic testing method is dependent on manyvariables but can be seriously affected by the surface roughness of the object and any irregularities present.In some cases, it may be necessary to:

dress undercut and surface irregularities by grinding;

remove or reduce the weld reinforcement.

Surfaces covered with a thin non-magnetic paint (e.g. a primer) may also be examined, provided the paintsurface is unbroken and the thickness of the coating does not exceed 50 m. Above this thickness the sensi-tivity of the method decreases and can be specifically determined before proceeding in the test.

A.2 Magnetizing equipment characteristics

The use of alternating current gives the best sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections.

Yokes produce an adequate magnetic field in simple butt-welds but where the flux is reduced by gaps or thepath is excessive through the object (as in T-joints) a reduction of sensitivity may occur.

For complex joint configurations (e.g. branch connections) with an inclined angle of less than 90 using yokesmight be inadequate. Prods or cable wrapping with current flow will prove more suitable in these cases.

A.3 Magnetic field strength and permeability

The field strength required to produce an indication strong enough to be detected during magnetic particletesting is dependent mainly, on the magnetic permeability of the object.

Generally magnetic permeability is high in softer magnetic materials e.g. low alloy steels and low in hardermagnetic materials e.g. martensitic steels. Because permeability is a function of the magnetizing current, lowpermeability materials usually require application of a higher magnetization value than softer alloys to producethe same flux density. It is essential, therefore, to establish that flux density values are adequate beforebeginning the magnetic particle testing.

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A.4 Detecting media

Magnetic particle suspensions will usually give a higher sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections than drypowders.

Fluorescent magnetic detection media usually give a higher test sensitivity than colour contrast media, becauseof the higher contrast between the darkened background and the fluorescent indication. The sensitivity of thefluorescent method will, nevertheless, decrease in proportion to any increase in the roughness of the surfaceto which magnetic particles adhere and can cause a disturbing background fluorescence.

Where the background illumination cannot be adequately lowered or where background fluorescence is dis-turbing, coloured detection media in conjunction with the smoothing effect of a contrast aid will usually givea better sensitivity.

Annex ZA (informative)Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions ofEU Directives

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and

the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC of the Euro-pean Parliament and the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member Statesconcerning pressure equipment.

WARNING. Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within thescope of this standard.

The following clauses of this standard as detailed in tables ZA.1 and ZA.2 are likely to support requirementsof Directives 97/23/EC and 87/404/EEC.

Compliance with these clauses provides one means of conforming to the specific essential requirements of thedirectives concerned and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC

Clauses/subclauses of Essential requirementsthis European Standard of Directive 97/23/EC

Qualifying remarks/notes

All Annex I, 3.1.2 Non-destructive tests

Table ZA.2: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 87/404/EEC

Clauses/subclauses of Essential requirementsthis European Standard of Directive 87/404/EEC

Qualifying remarks/notes

All Annex I, 3.2 Welds in pressurized parts

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