diosh days 2018 handouts/tom grey - job...used with permission of washington state department of...
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Taking the next step in hazard identification and control
DIOSH Days 2018
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JSA JHA TSA
THE PROCESS (1) Break the job down into steps (2) Identify hazards (3) Implement controls
Work Instructions
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Not by Federal OSHA But, employers are required to
take necessary steps to ensure safety PPE hazard assessments ARE
required Some states may accept JHA as
part of an I2P2, IIPP or similar “safety program” requirement
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California Oregon Washington Minnesota Michigan (construction) Hawaii
*Several other states have voluntary programs to varying degrees or programs through workers’ comp agencies
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Hazard Identification
JHA
Incident Investigation
Records review
Employee Reports Inspections
Audits
Change analysis
Hazard identification spectrum
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Hazard Identification
JHA Incident
Investigation
Records review
Employee Reports Inspections
Audits
Change analysis
Hazard identification spectrum
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Eliminate and prevent hazards before an injury Employee involvement Training – Helps
supervisors/workers understand total job Aids in OSHA compliance Standardizes work
procedures Often improved
production/quality Planning/design tool (new
jobs/processes)
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Jobs where incidents/near misses have occurred Jobs with many complaints (e.g., heat, fatigue) Any job that is inherently
dangerous (e.g., those under a permit program) New jobs Jobs that have changed New process, new
equipment, new workers Seldom performed jobs
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Priority legend 3 - Highest priority; stop task until hazards are controlled 2 - Hazards must be controlled as soon as possible 1 - Risks are acceptable – no further controls required
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How many workers do job? How often done? How long? How close to hazard? Pace of work? Environment? Weather? Actual near misses or
incidents?
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Position = Retail Sales Associate Tasks = 1. Move merchandise/fixtures 2. Operate register 3. Tag merchandise 4. Wire tie and empty baler 5. Operate pallet jack
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EXAMPLE: Loading luggage onto airplane 1 employee places luggage on bottom
of conveyor 1 employee is inside the plane at top of
conveyor placing luggage into plane Is it one job … or is it 2 jobs?
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OSHA JSA Form
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Some combination of the following: Operators/workers of the job
being analyzed Supervisors Maintenance Engineers Safety professional(s) Part-time workers
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Step 1- Break job down into steps: Pick experienced employee(s) to help Work through job in order of typical sequence Ask what worker does and why Use action words (e.g., “lift,” “turn,” “pull”) and
object words (e.g., “handle,” “lever”) Use figures/weights/duration Don’t combine steps. Beware of “…and…” Look for changes in movement, direction, or
focus, or use of another tool or part Don’t get overly detailed! Verify with operator that steps are correct
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Too much detail Too little detail Just right! 1. Get ladder from storage. 2. Get new light bulb from storage. 3. Carry ladder and light bulb to light needing
changing. 4. Place ladder under light to be changed. 5. Ensure light switch is in the off position. 6. Climb ladder. 7. Remove light cover. 8. Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise
direction until it is free of the socket. 9. Remove old light bulb. 10.Insert new light bulb into socket. 11.Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened. 12.Replace light cover. 13.Descend ladder. 14.Carry ladder back to storage.
1. Get a ladder and new light bulb.
2. Change bulb. 3. Put ladder away
and throw out old light bulb.
1. Get ladder and new light bulb. 2. Turn light switch off 3. Place ladder under light to be
changed. 4. Using ladder, change bulb. 5. Put ladder back in storage.
Used with permission of Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
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Sample JHA – Grinding Casting
Task Step
Step Description Hazard Description Safety Procedures
1 Reach into metal box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to wheel.
2 Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
3 Place finished casting in box to left of machine.
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Usually a good idea where complex analysis needed Good for counting repetitions
Just make sure workers are comfortable and understand you are evaluating the job … not them
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Identify hazards for each job component, e.g.: Caught-in, struck-by, etc. Chemicals, noise, electrical Slips/trips Sharp edges Long hair, loose clothing, jewelry Awkward posture, repetitive, lifting,
contact, vibration Some steps may have no hazards,
some several Use observation, accident history, etc. List potential hazards even if PPE,
guards currently in place
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What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How could it arise? What are other contributing
factors? How likely is it that the hazard will
occur?
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Task Step
Step Description
Hazard Description Safety Procedures
1 Reach into metal box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to wheel.
Back injury potential due to repetitive reaching/twisting/lifting Employee could drop casting onto foot causing foot injury Castings have sharp burrs and edges that can cause severe lacerations
Sample JHA – Grinding Casting
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Implement controls Use hierarchy of controls Elimination THEN Substitution THEN
Engineering controls THEN Administrative controls THEN PPE Combination may be appropriate Interim controls may be appropriate
Look at goal of job Find safest way that is also
practical/feasible/economical
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Task Step
Step Description
Hazard Description Safety Procedures
1 Reach into metal box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to wheel.
Back injury potential due to repetitive reaching/twisting/lifting Employee could drop casting onto foot causing foot injury Castings have sharp burrs and edges that can cause severe lacerations
Move castings from the ground and place them closer to the work zone at waist height or on an adjustable platform/pallet Do not twist while lifting Wear steel-toe shoes with arch protection Wear cut-resistant gloves that allow a good grip and fit tightly to minimize the chance that they will get caught in grinding wheel Use a device to pick up castings
Sample JHA – Grinding Casting
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Post JHA near machine/area Revise operating procedures Use it in training/retraining Review and update Give supervisors checklist Review during incident analysis Make sure it was followed Revise/retrain if needed
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Work with more than 1 worker doing job Use multiple shifts Make sure workers know you aren’t evaluating them Won’t buy in if believed “forced” on them
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