@)^^ljkb\sf] hf]lvdaf6 ;+s6fled'v /x]sf] ;d'bfonfO{

;'/lIft ;d'bfo

jgfpg ;d'bfon]g};+3{if u/L k|fKtu/]sf ;kmntfsf syfx?sf] ;+ufnf]

O{;L,ci6P8, cfg,pKsf, lj u|'k / PgkLsf] nf]uf]

k|sfzs M gjk|eft(NP) g]kfn

cfly{s tyf k|ljlws ;xof]u M PSzgP8 g]kfn

;xof]u M pKsf g]kfn, w/fg / jL u|'k g]kfn

klxnf] k6s k|sflzt ;+Vof M !))) k|lt

d'b|0f M

gj|eft (NP) g]kfn

lqh'uf gu/kflnsf @ ufO{3f6

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O{d]n np.nepal@ntc.net.np

ljifo;"rL

xfd|f] cg'/f]w !

cfgsf] egfO{ @

pKsf #

lj u|'k $

d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL km'nfjtLsf] Hofg jrfpg l/km\n]S6 s]Gb| ;kmnM

/Ltf rf}w/L l/km\n]S6 ;xof]uL sfo{stf{, pKsf g]kfnklxnf ;d'bfosf dfG5]]x? pKsf g]kfnn] k|To]s 3/nfO{ k};f / rfdn afF85 eGy] clxn] eGb}gg\ b]j gf/fo0f ;df{ pKsf g]kfn d'l;jt ax; s]Gb|sf] kxndf df6f] s6fg /f]lsof]

ljBfgGb d]xtf l/km\n]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn;+3if{sf] k|ltkmn

k|ef rf}w/L cleofgstf{ , gjk|eft -PgkL_g]kfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljsf;sf] ah]6df xfd|f] clwsf/ /fd lgjf; ofbj e6]lxof % -afFs]_la u'|k -afFs]_ g]kfnu~hnId0f ;bf k|sf]k k"j{tof/L sfo{ u/L hf]lvd af6 d'Qm

pltdrGb rf}w/L cleofgstf{ , gjk|eft -PgkL_g]kfn l/kMn]S6 s]Gb| kl/jt{gsf] cleofg /f]lsPsf] 5}g.

sdnL rf}w/L l/km\n]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn

;f]gjiff{ ufpFsf] ;kmntf

dsa'n cxdb d's]/L d6]lxof, afFs] la u|'k– afFs]

l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|sf] 5nkmn kl5 OlGb/f clwsf/Ldf cfPsf] kl/jt{g

s[i0ff /fpt l/k\mn]S6 ;xhstf{ gjk|eft g]kfn k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] nfuL ;fd'bflos kxn

dgdfof lg/f}nf ;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

ufpFsf :yflgo hgtfn] ug{ yfn] ah]6sf] vf]hL

;fd'lxs artn] x6fof] ef]s

k|ef rf}w/L cleofgstf{ gjk|eft g]kfn

syfn] agfof] ;+u7g

l8Nn' /fd l3ld/],lkmN8 sf]l8{g]6/ la u|'k b]jL dfofnfO{ l/kmn]S6 s]Gb|n] agfof] ;fd'bflos jgsf] cWoIf

lgd{nf a'9fyf]sL ,l/kmn]S6 ;xhstf{ ,gjk|eft g]kfn

@)^# ;fndf xfd|f] u+ufk'/ / d6]lxof uf=lj=;=df uP/ Ps hgf xlnd vfg eGg] AolQm

xl;gf afFgf] d's]/L ,u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ afFs]

/lx; d's]/L uf=lj=;=;+u k|:tfj /fVg ;Ifd

/fhs'df/L xl/hg ,u+ufk'/ & hd'gL

df6f] s6fg /f]lsof] dgdfof lg/f}nf,;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

l/km\n]S6 s]Gb|n] Gofo lbnfof] zflGt b]jL df}o{ uf=lj=;= u+ufk'/ j8f g+= ( la u'|k– afFs]

d}gjlQ algg\ d'g' k|ef rf}w/L,cleofgstf{ ,gjk|eft g]kfn

pbok'/ lhNnfdf xfn ;Dd nueu ;f9] ^ ;o ;fdflhs ;+3÷;

+:yfx? lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no pbok'/df btf{ ePsf] 5 . lj8Djgf ;a} ;+:yfx? rnfodfg 5}gg\ . nueu % b]lv & k|ltzt ;+:yfx?n] cfk\mgf] / ;xof]uL ;+:yf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;fe]mbf/Ldf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

jf:tjdf gfd / sfdn] ;+:yfsf] klxrfg lbg'k5{, ;+:yf lrlgg' k5{ . h;/L ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] gfd / sfdn] lrlgG5 / ;f]e}m ;d'bfosf dflg; ToxfF k'U5 .

clxn] lhNnfdf gjk|eft–g]kfn k|sf]kdf sfd ug]{ ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lrlgg nfu]sf] 5 . kl/0ffd\ lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k /fxt tyf p4f/ ;ldlt, pbok'/df ;b:o aGg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L o; jif{ dfq dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff (UNDP, UNFPA,UNICEF,WORLD

VISION), k|sf]ksf] a]nf lzIff (UNICEF / k'=If]=lz=lg=, wgs'6f_ h:tf] uxg ljifodf ePsf] If]lqo :t/sf e]nfdf lhNnfaf6 ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] lx;fan] gjk|eft / g]kfn /]8qm; dfq ;xefuL x'g kfpFg' k|sf]ksf] If]qdf sfd ug{] ;+:yfx?df gjk|eft lrlgg' xf] .

To;} u/L lhNnfdf x'g] k|sf]k ;DalGw ljleGg lqmofsnfkdf rfx] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] xf]; rfx] ;xof]uL lgsfo gjk|eftnfO{ slxn] g5f]8\g' gjk|eft k|sf]ksf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yf xf] eg]/ csf]{ bl; k|df0f ag]sf] 5 . gjk|eft lhNnfdf k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] If]qdf sfd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cu'jf ;+:yfsf] ?kdf sfd ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lrlgPsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf yfngL k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg ;~hfn g]kfnn]] u/fof] eg] Ifdtf clea[l4 u/fpg tyf o; sfo{nfO{ lj:tf/ tyf k|efjsf/L jgfpg / lg/Gt/tf lbg PSzgP8 g]kfnn] lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . h:sf] kl/0ftL cfh o'/f]lkog sldzgsf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]udf ljleGg lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ;'/lIft ;d'bfo kl/of]hgf bf]>f]sf] ;kmn syfsf] ;+ufnf] k|sfzg ug]{ yk lhDd]bf/L kfPsf] 5 . ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

=======================================================

b'uf{ gGb rf}w/L

cWoIf

gjk|eft (NP) g]kfn , pbok'/

d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL km'nfjtLsf] Hofg jrfpg l/km\n]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn

;'g;/L Og?jf # ls km'nfjtL ;bf ;'/lIft ;d'bfo kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ;Grfng x'g] lgoldt l/km\n]S6 ;xefuL x'g\ . ldlt @)^^ ;fn sftL{s dlxgfdf kf7]3/sf] lj/fdLsf] sf/0f d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL ;bfsf] lhjg jrfpgsf] nflu ;d'bfodf ;GrfnLt l/km]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn jGof] . d[[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sL ;bf xfn ;fdfGo lhjg hLpg ;kmn ePsL l5g\ . km'nfjtL ;bf h:t} ;d'bfodf cGo w]/} ljklQm ;fdgfsf] sfddf l/km\n]S6 s]Gb| ;kmn jg]sf] 5 . l/km\n]S6df ;d'bfosf] k|fs[tLs k|sf]k dfq xf]Og dlxnfx?sf] :jf:y ;d:of, lx+;f b'Ao{jxf/sf] ljifox?df ;fdgf s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df s]Gb|df 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 .

kf7]3/sf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f @)^^ ;fn sftL{s dlxgfdf km'nfjtL ;bfsf] cj:yf gfh's ePsf] s'/f l/km\n]S6df 5nkmndf cfof]

. cfly{s sf/0f cfkm\gf] pkrf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sL km'nfjtL ;bfsf] ljkQmLdf ;xof]uL jGg' k5{ eGg] lg0f{osf ;fy ;j} ;xeflux? j:tLdf rGbf ;xof]usf] nflu h'6] . l/km\n]S6 s]Gb|sf] dfBdaf6 g} v8f ePsf] ljkQL ;fdgfsf] nflu ;fd'bfoLs sf]ifaf6 ? !))) b]vfP/ ;d'bfodf rGbf ;+sng, ;xof]uL lgsfox?af6 $))), tyf :yfgLo dlxnf jrtaf6 %))) lgz'Ns ;fk6L /sdaf6 ;bfsf] pkrf/ ;kmn ePsf] xf] .

x'g t o:tf] sfd l/km\n]S6 grn]sf] cj:yfdf klg ufpF3/df ;Grfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 t/ l/km\n]S6sf] sf/0f cem dhj't jg]sf] 5 . klxnf @, $ hgf ;xof]udf h'6\by] AolQmut ?kdf t/ clxn] ;fd'lxs ?kdf / ;+:yfut ?kdf ;xof]udf h'6\b5g\ . klxnf j:tLdf p7]sf] ;xof]udf dfq lge{/ x'g] u/]sf lyP eg] clxn] j:tLdf p7]sf] /sd dfq xf]Og ;xof]uL lgsfox?sf] vf]hL ug]{ sfd klg ;+:yfut ?kdf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo lgsfodf s] s'g k|sf/sf] cf};lwx? lgz'Ns kfOG5, s:tf] ju{sf] ;d'bfosf] nflu ;/sf/L ;xof]u s:tf] /x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df ;r]t 5g\ dlxnfx? . To;}n] /sd h'6fpg] dfq xf]Og l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf lgz'Ns pkrf/ x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t jsfnt ub{5g\ . TotL dfq xf]Og\ cfkt ljkbdf ;xof]u ug{s]f nflu ;d'bfodf ljklQm ;fdgfsf] nflu ;fd'bflos sf]if klg v8f ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg yfn]sf 5g .

æPs dlxnfsf] lk8f ;a} dlxnfn] dxz'z ug'{k5{Æ eGg] egfO{ ;a} ufpFn] dlxnfx?sf] /x]sf] 5 . kf7]3/sf] ;d:of km'nfjtL ;bfsf] dfq xf]Og ufpdf o:tf ;d:of ePsf dlxnfx? w]/} 5g\ . of] :jf:Yo ;d:ofn] s'g} lbg k|sf]ksf] ?k lnb}g eGg ;lsb}g . To;}n] o;sf] l;sf] ub}{ gof gof 9+uaf6, ufpFufpFaf6 j:tL j:tLaf6 o:tf ljklQ ;fdgfsf] nflu h'6\g' cfjZos 5 .

/Ltf rf}w/L

l/km\n]S6 ;xof]uL sfo{stf{, pKsf g]kfn

klxnf ;d'bfosf dfG5]x?

æpKsf g]kfnn] k|To]s 3/nfO{ %) xhf/ k};f / rfdn afF95 . Æ

eGy], clxn] eGb}gg\ .

;'g;/Ldf ;+rflnt ;'/lIft ;d'bfo bf]>f] kl/of]hgf If]qdB] jljof uflj;sf] j8f g+ ^ klg Ps xf] . sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft cyf{t h'nfO{ @))( df pKsf g]kfnn] sfo{qmd ;Grfngsf] nflu uflj;sf] dfBdaf6 6f]ne]nfx? ;'?jft u¥of] . aif{} lrR5] ;'g;/L vf]nfaf6 x'g] 8'jfg / @ aif{ cufl8 dfq sf]zLdf afF9L uPsf] cg'ej ;d'bfon] /fd|f] ;+u cg'ej ;d]6]sf lyP . To;}n] xf]nf k|sf]kdf sfd ug]{ ljlQms} /fxt ljt/0f ljt/0f x'G5 eGg] dfgl;stf ufpdf ;g;gL km}lnof] . x/]ssf] d'vaf6 pKsf g]kfnn] %) xhf/ k};f / ! jf]/f rfdn afF9\g cfpFb}5 eg]/ slxn] jhf/df hDdf x'g] t slxn] ufpdf e]nf x'g] h:tf ultlalwx? eO/xGy] . ;d'bfonfO{ sfo{stff{x? hjfkm lbbf lbbf x}/fg x'g] u/]sf lyP . t/ clxn] pKsf g]kfn k};f afF9g\ cfPsf] x}g 1fg afF9g\ cfPsf] xf] o;n] k};f lbg] sfd ub}{g eg]/ cfkm} eG5g\ .

slxn] / sxfF /fxt afF9\g] sfd x'b}5 < eg]/ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ kmf]g cfpg yfn] kl5 ;+:yfs} tkm{af6 uflj;sf] pkl:yltdf 6f]ne]nfx? ul/of] . pKsf g]kfnsf] lrgf/L, kl/of]hgfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb} s] u5{ s] ub}{g eGg] laifodf ;j} s'/fx? 6f]ndf k6sk6s ul/of] . kl5 PS;g P8 / pKsf g]kfn jLr kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf e};s] kl5 sfo{stf{x? 5gf}6 ul/of] 6f]ndf cflwsf/Ls jh]6 s[ofsnfkx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/of] . ;d'bfodf l/km\n]S6 ;'?jft eO;s] l/km\n]S6 dfkm{t ;d'bfodf k/fdif{ nluof] . cGtt M sfo{qmd ;Grfngdf cfPsf] xNn}xNnfsf] r'gf}tL ;dfKt eof] . clxn]

o; lsl;dsf] r'gf}tLx? z'qmxf6 k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt cfkm}n] k/fdif{ ub{5 .

r'gf}tLnfO{ cjz/df jbNg' kb{5 cyf{t Tof] xNn}xNnfsf] r'gf}tLdf cftLPsf] eP / c?sf] ;xf/f vf]Hg yfn]sf] eP ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]Og km}lnP/ hfg] lyof] . xNn}xNnf jLrdf cfkm\gf] s'/f cfkm} gnu]/ ;xlhs/0fsf] dfBd vf]Hg yfn]sf] eP cfkm\gf] :ki6 s'/f hfb}g lyof] . xNnf ePsf] j]nfdf lhNnf :tl/o kl/of]hgfsf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd g/fv]sf] eP lhNnf :tl/o lgsfo, /fhg}lts bn cGo ;+:yfxdf klg cgfjZos e|d hfg]lyof] . xNnfnfO kl/ofhgfsf] kl/rofTds cleofgsf] cjz/sf] ?kdf pkof]u u/]/ k"j{tof/L / k|sf]k lj?4sf] ;+u7fgLs cleofgsf] ;'qkft ug{ ;kmn ePsf]] 5 .

b]j gf/fo0f ;df{

;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

d'l;at ax; s]Gb|sf] kxndf df6f] s6fg /f]lsof]

jljof * s]f jx/bf/ 6f]n ;'g;/L vf]nfsf] lsgf/df /x]sf] 5 . sdhf]8 df6f]sf] ;+/rgfsf] sf/0f ;'g;/L vf]nf jif]{gL bfofafof ;g]{ ub{5 / j:tL 9'jfg x'g] /

lj:yfkLt u/fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . xfn j:tLdf ;'/lIft ;d'bfo kl/of]hgf bf]>f]af6 d'l;jt jx; s]Gb| ;Grfng ePsf] 5 . jx; s]Gb|sf] 5nkmnn] vf]nfdf jif]{gL s6fg x'gsf] d'n sf/0f vf]nfsf] lsgf/df kx'Frjfnfn] df6f] sf6]/ j]Rg' xf] eGg] 7x/ u¥of] . k6s k6ssf] ;fd'lx k|of;af6 vf]nfsf] lsgf/df df6f] sf6\g] k|s[of xfn /f]lsPsf] 5 .

j:tL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df j;]sf] 5 . vf]nfsf] af9Laf6 hf]lvddf @) 3/ /x]sf] 5 . ;j} l;dfGts[t hghftLx? x'g . t/ vf]nfsf] lsgf/df df6f] sf6]/

j]Rg] j:tL aflx/af6 cfpF5g\ / df6f] ufl8df xfn]/ nlu j]Rg] rng 5 . ufpsf] dfgL;x? tdf;] eP/ x]g]{ sfd dfq cfh ;Dd ePsf] lyof] . t/ ;d'bfodf ;+sled'vtfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf vf]nf s6fg / 8'jfgsf] sf/0f vf]nfsf] lsgf/df df6f] sf6L ljlqm ug'{ eGg] ;jfn cfP kl5 ;d'bfodf ;GrfnLt d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|df vf]nfdf df6f] s6L j]Rg] k|sofnfO{ /f]Sg] eGg] lg0f{o eof] .

d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|sf] lg0f{onfO{ d'l;jt Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf k'g M 5nkmn u/fO{ d'l;jt Aoj:yfkg ;ldltn] klg o; sfdnfO{ tTsfn /f]Sg] ldlt @))( cS6f]j % df lg0f{o u¥of] . lg0f{o kl5 lgoldt ?kdf ufl8 lnP/ df6f] sf6\g cfpg]x?nfO{ /f]Sg] sfd ;'? eof] . ufl8 lnP/ cfpg]x?nfO{ ;fd'lxs ?kdf ;DemfpFb} kmsf{pg] sfd ug{ yfn] kl5 xfn df6f] sf6\g] sfd jGb ePsf] 5 .

j:tLsf] jLrdf vfnL hldgx? 5g\ . ;f] hldgdf cltqmd0f ug{sf] nflu vf; u/L g/l;+x uflj;sf] dfgL;x? cfP/ ug{ yfn] kl5 ;f] cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg' kb{5 eg]// d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|df ldlt @)^^ d+l;/ ! ut] lg0f{o eof] . vfnL hldg cltqmd0f ug{ dfgL;x?nfO{ klg /f]Sg] sfd ;fd'lxs ?kdf u/] kl5 hf]t]sf] hldg klg xfn d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|n] ;+/If0f u/]sf] 5 . hxfF j:tLdf af9Lsf] k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf] nflu h}ljs t6jGwgsf] tof/L ePsf] 5 . j:tL leqsf] hUufnfO{ cltqmd0f ul/ 6]«S6/ nufP/ hf]Tg yfn] kl5 tTsfn d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|sf] kxndf @ j6f ;xdltsf ;fy lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

!= of] hldg cltqmd0f ul/ h:fn] hf]Tb}5 o;nfO{ 6f]nsf] ;j}n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf jf]nfP/ ;Demfpg] . hldg cltqmd0f gug{ eg]/ ;Demfpg] .

@= olb gdfg]sf] v08df k|x/Ldf ph'/L lbg] / of] cltqmd0f /f]Sg kxn ug]{ .

t/ klxnf] kxndf g} cltqmd0f /f]Sg ;kmn eof] . clxn] df6f] sf6\g] / hldg cltqmd0f ug]{ sfd /f]lsPsf] 5 . d'l;jt jx; s]Gb|n] ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . {

ljBfgGb d]xtf l/km\n]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn

;'Gb/k'/ uf=lj=;=sf] j8f g+= $ aif]{gL af9Lsf] k|sf]kaf6 u|l;t x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . j8f g++ $ v]/f6f]n lqo'uf kf/L k¥Yof] / @)

;3if{sf] k|ltkmn

$) ;fndf lqo'ufdf cfPsf] 7"nf] af9Lsf] sf/0f $) 3/w'/L k"0f{?kn] lj:yflkt eof] . j:tL lj:yflkt ePkl5 h+un 5]psf] vfnL rp/df 5fk|f] xfn]/ a;f]af; ug{ yfn] ToxfF klg lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;a} 5fk|f]df cfuf] nufO{ lbof] . t/ tL afl;Gbfx/ hfg] 7fpF sxL gePkl5 k]m/L 5fk|f] xfn]/ a:g yfn] / s]lx lbgdf k]m/L ;a} 5fk|f] cfuhgL ul/ lbof] . To;kl5 ToxfFsf afl;Gbfx?nfO{ a;f]af; ;+/If0f gfds ;+:yfn] cfTdan a9fO{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbP/ uof] . / k]m/L jg sfof{noaf6 cfunfuL u/fpg cfpFbf Toxfsf ;d'bfo 3/leq a;L /x] / 3/ g5f8] kl5 cfunfuL u/fpg kfPg . To;kl5 ToxL a;f]af; ug{ yfn] . ToxfF a;f]af; u/] klg af9Ln] slxNo} ;tfpg 5f8]g . 3]/ vf]nf, bf}ntf vf]nf / kmg}t'jf vf]nfsf] ljrdf /x]sf] pQm 6f]n af9Lsf] k|sf]kaf6 Hofb} glhs 5g\ . 3]/ vf]nfsf] af9Ln] @)^$ ;fn ;fpgdf ;of} lj3f v]ltof]Uo hldg s6fg, k'/fg u¥of] . wfgafnLx? gi6 ePsf] lyof] . t/ :yflgo lgsfo / lhNnfsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] Wofg pQm If]qdf k'u]g . / vf]nf lgoGq0fsf] sfo{ ePg .

;'Gbk'/ uf=lj=;=sf] j8f g+=$ v]/f6f]n lqo'uf vf]nf kf/L k¥Yof] . ToxfF hDdf $) 3/w'/L yf? hfltsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] lyof] . ToxfF k|z:t pAhgL x'g] v]tL ePsf]n] nueu ;a} 3/w'/L dWod juL{o kl/jf/df ulgGYof] . @)$) ;fndf lqo'ufdf cfPsf] 7"nf] af9Ln] $) 3/w'/L k"0f{?kn] lj:yflkt eof] . Toltv]/ ef]u]sf] lk8f ;'gfpg'x'G5 bz/y rf}w/L .

æaf9L cfpg] nIf0f b]vf k/]kl5 xfdL ;a} lbp;} To;6f]nnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGoq uof} / sf]xL–sf]xL 3/ ?Ëg eg]/ a:of} Tolt v]/ c6]/L u/]sf] eP xfdL w]/} d¥Yof}+ . /ftL ;'t]sf] a]nf PSsf;L af9L cfof] / Ps hgf j[4 / Ps hgf afns aufP/ nUof] ;fy} 3/df ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ cGgjfnL ;fdfg, sfuhft, sf7kft / ufO{j:t' cflb aufof] . ufO{uf]?df Pp6f af5f / Pp6f /fFuf aufof] c? ;a} ufO{uf]? t}l/g ;kmn eof] . TotL v]/ slt lbg t ef]s} a:g' k¥of] . /]8qm;n] cln–cln efF8fs'8f lqkfn / sk8f lbof] . lhNnf k|zf;gaf6 s]xL vfg] s'/f lbof] t/ kmf]6f]x? eg] ljleGg lgsfon] lvr]/ nu]klg ;xof]u eg] st}af6 klg kfPgf} .

To;kl5 h+unsf] 5]pdf wfdL rfFk eGg] rp/df xfdL ;a} 5fk|f] xfn]/ a;f]af; ug{ yfNof}+ . ToxfF klg lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;a} 5fk|f]df cfuf] nufO{ lbof] . t/ xfdL hfg] 7fpF st} gePsf]n] k]m/L 5fk|f] xfn]/ a:g yfNof}+ . t/ s]lx lbgdf k]m/L klg cfuhgL eof] . To;kl5 a;f]af; ;+/If0f gfds ;+:yfn] ;Nnfx ;'emfj / cfTdan a9fO{ lbPkl5 xfdL k]m/L 5fk|f] xfln a:of} / cfuhgL ug{ cfpFbf 3/leq ;a} al;/x\of}+ . clg xf/ vfP/ tL kfkLx? kms]{/ uof] . To;kl5 a]nf a]nfdf 8/ wDsL b]vfP klg xfdL Psh'6 eO{ al;/xof}+ . clxn] ;Dd klg al;/x]sf 5f}+ . Tof] lk8faf6 d'Qm eof} t/ k]m/L csf]{ lk8f ylkof] . o; 6f]nsf] rf/}tk{m vf]nf /x]sf] 5 . 3]/vf]nf, kmg]t'jf vf]nf / bf}ntf vf]nf lo vf]nfx?n] aif]{gL v]t k'g]{ / s6fg ul//x]sf] 5 . lo vf]nf gfnfn] wfdL rfFknfO{ dfq x}g j8f g+= $ s} lzj rf}s 6f]nnfO{ ;d]t k|efljt t'NofPsf] 5 . @)^$ ;fn ;fpgdf afFw k'm6]/ ;of}+ ljuf v]ltof]Uo hldg, nufPsf] afln s6fg, k'/fg eof] . t/ :yflgo lgsfo / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf 8]lns]zg uof}+ t/ xfd|f] s'/f ;'g'jfO{ ePg .

xfdL lkl8fdf lyof}+ Toltv]/ @)^$÷)$÷!( ut] gjk|eftn] a}7s af]nfO{ vf]nf lgoGq0f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ul/of] . / ;Nnfx tyf ;dGjon] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf vfnL af]/f tyf tf/ hfnL dfu ul/of] . vfnL af]/f $)) yfg pknAw ePkl5 xfdL ;a} ldln !%) ld= afFw afFwL af]/fsf] :k/ nufof}+ . k]m/L gjk|eftn] @)^$ sflt{s @* ut] uf=lj=;= :t/Lo k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/lbof] . To;/L g} clxn] xfdL ;a} ;+ul7t ePsf 5f}+ . k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g eof] . ToxfFsf ;d'bfox? ;ldltdf Psh'6 eP/ ;+ul7t ePkl5 gjk|eftsf] ;dGjodf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 vfnL af]/f NofO{ kmg]t'jf vf]nf lgoGq0f ug{ !%) ld=sf] afFw afFwL vfnL af]/fsf] :k/ nfPsf lyP . k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df ufpF kl/ifbaf6 ?= #),))).–, hnpTkGg glb lgoGq0f ;a l8lehg hgsk'/af6 &),))).– / 3]/ vf]nfsf] afn'uf lu§L 9'Ëf lgsfn] jfkt p7]sf] s/ %),))) xhf/af6 3]/vf]nf lgoGq0fsf] nfuL afFw afFw]sf] bf}ntf vf]nfdf 7Ss/ nufof}+ . ToxfFsf ;d'bfo / k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;lrj uf]kfn ;'j]bL eGg' x'G5 . olt b'Mv ul/ afFw nufPsf 5f}+ gd"gf ;d"x P / laaf6 k|ltlgwL 5gf}6 u/L @)^^÷)&÷)% ut] vx/] vf]nf lgoGq0f ;ldlt, wfFdL rfFk u7g ul/ lg/Gt/ ;dGjo÷;Dks{n] c? dd{t ;Def/sf] nfuL lh=e"–;+/If0f sfof{noaf6 *) yfg tf/hfnL / !

nfvsf] afFwsf] sfd ug]{ ePsf] 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf gfuLg rf}w/L eGg' x'G5 . ;d'bfo Psh'6 geO{ s'g} ljsf;sf sfo{ ug{ ;lsb}g . To;}n] ;d'bfo ;+ul7t ePkl5 lo sfo{x? ;kmn ePsf] xf] .

af9Lsf] k|sf]kaf6 ul/a ePsf wfdL rfFksf ;d'bfonfO{ ljxfg / a]n'sf 5fs 6fg{ wf}–wf} kl//x]sf] 5 . h+unaf6 ef]nf{sf] kft l6k]/ NofO{ 6k/L 6fF;L a]Rg] b}lgs lbgrof{ /x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfodf lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pb]Zon] gjk|eftn] #! 3/w'/LnfO{ b'O{ ;d'xdf ljefhg u/L ;d"x u7g u/]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf ;d'bfon] clnx] dlxgfdf b'O{ k6s a}7s a;L ?= !), !) sf b/n] gub art / d'l¶ art ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;d'xsf cWoIf /fdjlQ rf]w/Lsf] cg';f/ xfdL o;/L cfktsflng d'l¶ art / gub art ubf{ k|sf]ksf] a]nf xfd|f afn aRrf ef]s} a:g' kg]{ cj:yf cfpb}g . To;}n] xfdL h;/L klg d'l¶art u5f}{ . / art u/L lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf5f}{ .

k|ef rf}w/L

cleofgstf{

gjk|eft g]kfn

ljkb ;fdfgfsf nflu ;fd'bflos kxn

x/]s jif{ af9L, xfjfx'/L , lztnx/ , cfunfuL h:tf k|sf]ksf] lk8f ;xb} cfPsf] Og?jf j8f+= % d';x/ j:tL / Og?jf ^ lvlqmkl§sf afl;Gbf x'g\ .^& 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] d';x/L eg]/ lrlgg] o; a:tLdf blntx?sf] dfq a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 .t/ lvlqmkl§df eg] p/fjF,d';ndfg,d08nx?sf] ldl>t

a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .o; a:tLdf eg] lvlqmkl§ ,O:nfdk'/ / av]{8f8fF u/L $% 3/kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 .oL a:tLx?df cfly{s ,/fhg}lts tyf >f]tdf sd dfqfdf kx'rF /x]sf] 5 .ljz]if % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf ,dlxnf ,ckfËtf ePsfx? a9L k|efljt ePsf 5g\ .

;d'bfodf x'g] u/]sf k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] Ifdtf lasf;sf nfuL oL

b'O{ a:tLdf b}lgs ! d'¶L rfdn jrt / ;fd'lxs ?kdf / cGo a:tLx?df rfdn ,k};f ;+sng ug{ z'?jft u/]sf 5g\ .Og?jf % d'l;at ax; s]Gb|sL cWoIf af}lsof ;bfsf cg';f/ ax; s]Gb|df $,% k6s 5nkmn ul/of] ,ax; eof] ,lg0f{o ul/of] / xfdL ;a}n] dxz'z u/L sf]if :yfkgf ug{ yfn]sf xf} elG5g\ .pgL cuf8L ylK5g\ Knfli6ssf] emf]nfdf b}lgs Ps d'¶L hDdf u/L x/]s dlxgfsf] #) ut] Ps 7fpFdf hDdf ug]{ / rfdn a]r]sf] k};f a}sFdf hDdf u5f}F .clxn] ;fd'lxs / ! dlxgfsf] d'¶L jrtaf6 ;s+lnt rfdn %! s]=hL / /sd ? &)) u/L ,rfdn a]rL ? @#)) hDdf u/]sf 5f} .@)^$ ;fndf cfPsf] af9Lsf sf/0f a:tL 8'afgdf k/L ;/sf/L sfo{nodf /fxt dfUg hfbf o;} a:tLsf] s':dL b]jL ;bfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 36gfn] cfh klg 8/ nfU5 . g /fxt eg] hlt kfOof] g ;fy g} To;}n] xfdLn] sf]if k"j{tof/Ldf nfu]sf 5f} To; a:tLsf dflg;x?sf] egfO 5 .

To;} u/L lvlqmkl§df klg b}lgs Ps d'¶L rfdn jrt cleofg / km\ofS6«Lx?df ;xof]usf nfuL kxn e}/x]sf] 5 eg] cflxn] ;Dd ;+slnt sf]ifdf !^ s]=hL rfdn / ? &)) /sd hDdf u/]sf] 5g\ . d'l;at Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] gfddf /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+sdf vftf vf]n]sf 5g\ .;'g;/L vf]nfsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] a:tL x/]s jif{ af9Lsf sf/0f $,% lbg 3/ 5f]8L ljwfnodf a:g] u/]sf 5f} .;/sf/L /fxtaf6 kfpgaf6 jlGrt x'b} cfPsf 5f} a? s+zd8fg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] @)^% ;fnsf] af9Ldf lrp/f ,e'hf /fxt

lbPsf] lyof] eG5g\ vlnn dG;'/L .pgL cuf8L yK5g\ ;/sf/L /fxt kfP klg eg] hlt kfOb}g\ .af9L ;'sL;S5 ef]s} a:bf gkfP kl5 t xfdL cfkm\}n] sdfP/ vfOxfN5f} lg t/ cfktdf kfpg' kf] /fxt xf] .To;}n] ;/sf/ cfpg' eGbf klxn] ;d:of ;dfwfg ;d'bfodf ug{ ;Sg] x'gnfO{ a}7s 5nkmn klg sf]ifdf Ps d'¶L rfdn jrt ug]{ yfn]sf 5f} .

oL b'j} a:tLdf x'g] jrt pgLx?sf] p2]Zo Pp6} /x]sf] 5 .a:tLdf ljkb kbf{ t\Tsflng /fxt afnaflnsf ,ue{jtL ,;'Ts]/L ,ckfËtfx?nfO{ ljz]if k|bfg lbP/ ;xof]u k'/\ofpg' xf] .;/sf/L lglt g} /fxtd'vL ePsf]n] k"j{tof/Lsf sfdnfO{ cuf8L ga9fPsf] kfOG5 .;d'bfo:t/df klg r]tgf:t/ w]/}{ sd /x]sf] kfOG5 .;/sf/L lglt kl/jt{g u/L ;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtfdf ;r]tgfsf] lqmofsnfkaf6 lasf;sf nufgL ug{ ;s] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ hgtfsf] cfvfFdf 5f/f] xfNg] sfdaf6 cem ljgfz lgDtfp5 xf]Og / <x/]s s'gf sGb/fdf a;]sf ;d'bfosf r]tgfsf lju'n km'Sg] / Ifdtf lasf; u/fpg] ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf]Og / <;fgf ;fgf ufpF j:tLdf ljkb ;fdgf ug{ ;s] Ifdtf lasf; ug{ ;s] cfhsf] h:tf] ljkbaf6 lj:yflkt x'g'kb}{g lyof] .lgdf{0f ePsf 7fpFdf /]vb]v d'NofËg,dd{t ug{ hgtfsf] dxz'zLs/0f u/fpb} cfkm} ;+j]bgzLn x'g ;s] cfhsf] h:tf] lk8f ef]lnsf lbgdf ef]Ug' gknf{ / <

dgdfof lg/f}nf

;d'bfo kl/rfns,

pKsf g]kfn

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljsf;sf] ah]6df xfd|f] clwsf/

;/sf/L ;:yfx?df cfpg] k};f xfd|} xf] xfdLn] g} ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ s/ :j?k lt/]sf] k};f xf] . To;sf]

kx/]bf/L ug'{ xfd|f] sfd xf] eg]/ hfgsf/L lbFbf Tolx l/k\mn]S6 ;d"xsf ch'{g / ;+lutf b]jL t]nLsf] cu'jfO{df !% hgfsf] Pp6f 6f]ln u7g eof] . of] u7g ePsf] 6f]lnn] uf=lj=;=, :jf:Yo rf}sL, :s'naf6 :yflgo hgtfx?nfO{ s] s] ;]jf pknAw x'G5 . / Tof] ;]jf lngsf] nflu s'g s'g k|lqmofx? cjnDjg ug'{ kb{5 eGg] sfof{nodf uP/ a'e]m/ cfk\mgf] sf]7fdf 5nkmn u/]/ kl5 ca x'g] ufpF kl/ifbdf uf=lj=;=n] s]Gb|af6 of]hgf agfP/ Nofpg';\ xfdL cfk\mgf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ub{5f}+ eGg] k|ltj4tf u/]sf] 5 .

/fd lgjf; ofbj

e6]lxof % -afFs]_

la u'|k -afFs]_

g]kfnu~h

nId0f ;bf k|sf]k k"j{tof/L sfo{ u/L hf]lvd af6 d'Qm

nId0f ;bf tk]Zj/L uf=lj=;= j8f g+= @ df ul7t k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g\ . pgsf] @ 5f]/f / # 5f]/L 5g\ . h;dWo] ! 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx e};s]sf]n] xfn pgsf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof % hgfsf] /x]sf] 5 . pgsf] kl/jf/ cfly{s ?kn] Psbd} sdhf]/ cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . ljxfg a]n'sf] 5fs agLa'tf] u/]/ 6fg]{ u/]sf] 5 . pgsf] 3/ ulj glhs} /x]sf]n] jiff{ofddf ;fdfGo kfgL kbf{ 3/df 3'F8f–3'F8f kfgL k:g] ePsf]n] wfg, rfdn aufP/ 5tf5'Nn x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . j:t' efp 3'F8f–3'F8f kfgLdf /fVg afWo / ljjz lyP . 3/df kfgL hld/xFbf r'nf]df cfuf] gan]/ vfgf gkfSbf ef]sef]s} a:g'kg]{ / /ftel/ ;a}hgf hfu/fd a:g'kg]{ afWotfn] nId0f ;bf Psbd} b'MvL / lrlGtt lyP .

j:tL j/k/ kfgL hld/xFbf emf8fkvfnf, x}hf h:tf dxfdf/L k}mlnP/ ToxfFsf ;d'bfon] csfnd} Hofg u'dfpg'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] 5 . ;k{sf] ljuljuL, j:t'efpdf uns¶f x'g], d'vdf ¥ofn cfpg] h:tf ;d:ofn] To; ;d'bfodf a;f]af; !* 3/kl/jf/ nufot nId0f ;bf klg lrlGtt 5g\ . uljsf] kfgL lgsf; ug{ nId0f ;bf nufPt !& 3/w'/Lsf ;bf ;d'bfon] k|of; gu/]sf] xf]Og t/ Toxf a;f]af; ug]{ hldGbf/ egfpFbfx?sf] bjfj cfPsf] sf/0f plgx?n] rfxbf rfFxb} klg kfgL lgsf; ug]{ sfddf c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . lsgeg] uljsf] kfgL lgsf; ubf{ hldGbf/ egfpFbfx?sf] v]tdf l;FrfO{ gx'g] ePsf]n] kfgL lgsf; ug]{ sfo{df pgLx?n] af/Daf/ cj/f]w k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] lyof] . h;sf] 3/df alga'tf] u/]/ ljxfg a]n'sfsf] 5fs 65{ p;}sf] s'/f s;/L gdfGg' eGg] ;f]rdf k/]sf ;bf ;d'bfon] gjk|eft ;dfh ;]jL kl/jf/åf/f To; j8fdf ;~rflnt cfsl:ds k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf cfj4 eO{;s]kl5 cleofgstf{x?sf] k|ToIf e]63f6, a}7s 5nkmndf ;xefuL, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|sf]k k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnfdf ;xefuL ePs} sf/0f k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf] nfuL cfk}m h'6\g' k5{ eGg] dfGotf cg'?k nId0f ;bfn] a}slNks pkfox? ckgfPsf 5g\ .

cfsl:ds k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] ubf{ clxn] nId0f ;bfn] 3/sf] ;txb]lv # lkm6 cUnf] kfgL ghDg] u/L 3/df df6f] yk]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\ ca d 9'Ss 5' . jiff{ofddf d]/f] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, >LdtL / d cf/fd;Fu a:g, ;'Tg / vfg kfpF5', d]/f] a:t'efp ;'/lIft x'g] eof] . kfgL lgsf; u/] klg cfu' ;fn km]/L kfgL hld xflNYof] . t/ 3/sf] ;txdf df6f] yk] kl5 lbuf] ?kdf ;+/If0f kfpg] ePsf] 5' . Psf tk{m pgn] 3/sf] ;txdf df6f] yKg] sfo{ u/] eg] csf]{ tk{m kfgL lgsf; ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg lg/Gt/ /fv] kmn:j?k uf=lj=;=sf] ufpF kl/ifbaf6 ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u kfP/ kfgL lgsf; ug{ ?= $%,))).–ljlgof]hg u/fO{ kfgL lgsf; ug]{ sfddf klg ;kmn eP . pgL eG5g\ of] ;a} d k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf cfj4 eO;s]kl5 :yflgo >f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfngåf/f sd nufgLdf k|sf]k k"j{tof/L u/L ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg ;lsG5, eGg] kf7 l;s]sf] 5' .

pgsf] of] k|of; b]v]/ ToxfFsf] # hgfn] 3/sf] ;tx eGbf # lkm6 cUnf] kfgL ghDg] u/L 3/df df6f] yk]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfodf k|

sf]k k"j{tof/L u/L hf]lvd Go'lgs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdf ljZjf; hfu]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf] ;d'bfon] klg cf–cfˆgf] 3/df df6f] yKg] sfd ul/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf] nfuL d'l¶ jrt cleofgsf] yfnlg ul/ hDdf *% 3/w'/Ldf @$)^ gub / rfdn @% s]=hL= hDdf u/]sf 5g\ . hDdf u/]sf] rfdn / gubn] k|efljtx?nfO{ cfsl:ds ?kdf ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] p2]Zon] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] /fxt tyf p4f/ sf]ifdf /fv]sf 5g\

pltdrGb rf}w/L cleofgstf{

gjk|eft g]kfn

l/km\n]S6 s]Gb| kl/jt{gsf] cleofg /f]lsPsf] 5}g .

w]/} aif{ klxn]b]lv jf9L k|efljt O6x/L gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= & sbdfxf 6f]n k|To]s jif{ ;d'bfo 8'jfgdf kg]{ 3/3/df kfgL k:Yof] . afnaflnsfx? ljBfno hfg kfpb}gYof] . ;d'bfosf dflg;x? jf/kf/ ug{ ;Sb}gy] . lsg eg] j:tLsf] jLrdf gfnf lyof] . gfnfdf k'n gePsf] / w]/} ulx/f] lyof] . jfl9 cfPsf] j]nf jf/kf/ ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'GYof] . ;dfgx?, ufOa:t'x?nfO{ jf/kf/ ug{ ufx|f] x'GYof] . ldlt @)%& ;fndf 7'nf] jf9L cfof] . k|To]s 3/x?df kfgL kl; elTsof] . gu/kflnsfaf6 kl/jf/ ;+Vof cg';f/ Ro"/f / ;v/ afFl8of] t/ 3/ elTsg]x?nfO{ /fxt dfUgsf] nflu uP klg ;DalGwt lgsfosf kbfwLsf/Lx?n] ;'g'jfO{ ub}{gy] .

;g\ @))* df pKsf g]kfn dfkm{t l8k]sf] rf}yf] kl/of]hgf O{6x/L gu/kflnsfdf k|sf]k k'j{ tof/Lsf nflu sfd ug{ ;d'bfodf e]nf eO{ ldl6Ë u/]/ k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/ l/km\n]S6 s]Gb| ;+rfng x'g yfNof] . l/km|n]S6 s]Gb|df dlxnfx? ;Fu ;d'bfodf p7]sf laeLGg ;jfndf 5nkmn ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Dd nlu ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg

ug{ yfn] . pKsf g]kfn / PSzg P8sf] ;xof]udf dlxnfx?nfO{ k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L ;DalGw Ifdtf clea[l4 tfnLd kfO{;s] kl5 ;d'bfosf dflg;x? ;d'bfosf] ljeLGg ;d:ofx? p7fg ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfodf cfkm}+ cu|||;/ eO{ hfg yfn] .

sTgf 6f]ndf ldlt @))^% ;fn h]i7 dlxgfdf xfjf x'/Ln] $) 3/ p8fPsf] lyof] ;f] ;dodf k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf nufot ;j} ;b:ox? dLn]/ gu/kflnsf, lO{nfsf k|x/L sfo{no O{6x/Laf6 36gf af/] hfgsf/L u/fO{ O{6x/L /]8s|; zfvfaf6 lk8Lt afx| kl/jf/nfO{ lqkfn pknAw u/fP ;fy} gu/kflnsf / lhNnf b}jLs k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] sf]ifaf6 k|To]s kl/jf/nfO{ b'j} lgsfosf] tkm{af6 ? kfFr ÷kfFr ;osf b/n] /fxt pknAw u/fP . TotLdfq /sdn] 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg] cfly{s cj:yf sDhf]/ ePsfn] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k|sf]k Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? P;=cf]=P;= afnu|fd g]kfn;Fu ;dGjo ul/ C0flnO{ O{6fsf] s';L{,lkn/ / l6gsf] 5fgf ePsf] ;fwf/0f 3/ lgdf{0f ul/of] . 3/x? hdLgsf] ;txeGbf dfyL p7fO{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'gfn] af9L cfpbf klg kfgLn] c;/ gug]{ eof] .

sdnL rf}w/L

l/km\n]S6 ;xhstf{, pKsf g]kfn

;f]gjiff{ ufpFsf] ;kmntf

afFs] lhNnfsf] u+ufk'/ uf=lj;= j8f g+= !, @ / # ;f]gjiff{ ufpFdf s[lifhGo / 3/kfn'jf kz'x?sf] kfNg] / v]tL ug]{x?sf] eQf a9L 5 . / v]tL ug]{x?sf] eGbf a9L 5 . g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z ePsf]n] oxfF dflg;x? a9L kz'kfngdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . kz' k|fljlwssf] sdL / kz' ;]jf s]Gb| gePsf] sf/0fn] oxfFsf kz' /f]usf] ?kdf dg]{ / /f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf k}mlng] sf/0fn] oxfFsf dflg;x? cfly{s ?kdf w]/} b'Mv ef]u]sf 5g\ . o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ oxfF pGgt kz'x? klg kfNg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ljut % dlxgf cufl8 PSzg P8 g]kfnsf]

;xof]udf la u'|k afFs] åf/f ;+rflnt o; u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= !, @ / # ;f]gjiff{ ufpFdf ;fd'bflos ljkb\ ;r]tgf s]Gb|df 5nkmnsf] bf}8fgdf p7]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ kz' ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu ToxfF ;xdflux? l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|sf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf g} lg0f{o u/]/ uf=lj=;=sf] sfof{no u+ufk'/df o; >f]tdf kz' s]Gb| ;]jf cfjZostf /x]sf] elg lgj]bg lbPsf lyP . h;df ToxfFsf uf=lj=;= ;lrjn] :yflgo JolQmx?sf] ;d:of a'lem lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no afFs]nfO{ k'z k|fljlws jf kz' ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu l;kmfl/; kq pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . h;df ToxfFsf l/k\mn]S6 ;xhstf{sf] ljz]if ;xof]u /x]sf] lyof] . xfn plgx? lhNnf k|zf;g aFfs]nfO{ lgj]bg lbg] k|lqmofdf 5g\ .

dsa'n cxdb d's]/L d6]lxof, afFs] la u|'k– afFs]

l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|sf] 5nkmn kl5 OlGb/f

clwsf/Ldf cfPsf] kl/jt{g

pobk'/ lhNnf cjl:yt lq=g=kf= % Hof]lt6f]ndf x'g] l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|df lgoldt ?kdf pkl:ylt ! hgf ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] gfd OlGb/f clwsf/L xf] . pxfF klxnf n]vk9 ug{ g;Sg] / cfk\mgf] kl/ro ;d]t eGg nhfpg] dfG5] clxn] cfP/ l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|df 5nkmn ug{ w]/} ;xof]u ug{ yfNg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF cfk\mgf] kl/ro lgw{Ss ?kdf eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . 5nkmn s]Gb|df pkl:yt x'gsf] nflu / cfk'mnfO{ kl/jt{g Nofpg cGo ;b:ox?nfO{ klg cfu|x ug'{x'G5 . pxfFn] cfk\mgf] 7fpFdf k/]sf ;d:ofx? klxrfg ul/ To;af]/df 5nkmn ug{ nufpg' x'G5 / To;nfO{ s;/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ eGg] ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 . pxfF clxn] cfk"mn] kfpg'kg]{ clwsf/sf] af/]df ;DalGwt 7fpFdf uP/ cfk\mgf] s'/f /fVg ;Sg'x'G5 clxn] cfP/ pxfF ljleGg sfo{x? ug{sf] nflu cufl8 a9\g' x'G5 . o;/L g} l/km\n]S6 s]Gb|sf] 5nkmn kl5 pxfFdf kl/jt{g cfof] .

s[i0ff /fpt l/k\mn]S6 ;xhstf{

lq=g=kf= %, ax]jf{, ufO{3f6, pbok'/gjk|eft g]kfn

k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] nflu ;fd'bflos kxn

36gf cWoog

k|sf]k ;fdgf ;d'bfosf] sfdgf eGg] ;fd'lxs efjgfsf] ljsfz u/f} ;d'bfosf] cleofgx? p7\g yfn]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L /fxtsf] s'/fx?af6 lbSs ePsf ;d'bfosf dflg;x? cfk\mgf] Ifdtf ljsf;df nfu]sf 5g\ . Og?jf j8f g+= % / ^ sf ;d'bfodf x/]s jif{ cfpg] af9L, xfjfx'/L, cfunfuL h:tf] k|sf]ksf] lk8f ;xb} cfPsf plgx? klg ;d'bfo :t/d} cfk\mgf] :jfldTjsf] sf]if :yfkgf ug{ sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf x'g\ . ;fd'lxs ;+slnt rfdn k};f / b}lgs d'l¶ artnfO{ dlxgfdf Ps 7fpFdf hDdf u/L a'em]/ art tyf >0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;+:yfsf] vftf vf]n]/ /fVg] ljrf/ plgx?sf] 5 . @)^^ d+l;/ ! ut] b]lv b}lgs d'l¶ art / ;do ;dodf ;fd'ls cleofg ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . plgx? Og?jf j8f g+= % sf dlxnfx? o; eGbf cl3 l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|df ;xeflu x'g] u/]sf lyP . pKsf g]kfnn] ;~rfng u/]sf] s]Gb|df ljz]if u/L :jf:Yo, dlxnf, afn clwsf/ ;jfndf 5nkmn cleofg x'g] u/] klg k|sf]k ljkb\nfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ 5nkmn ax; x'g] u/]sf] lyPg . k|sf]k kl5 /fxt dfq x'g] u/]sf] ax; s]Gb| Jo:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf af}lsof zfxsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . plg elG5g\ ut @)^$ ;fnsf] >fj0f dlxgfdf cfPsf] af9Lsf sf/0f /fxt dfUg] qmddf cfkm\g} jl:tsL ! dlxnfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] afFsL xfdLn] k|x/Lsf] a'6 / aGb'ssf] gfnn] lk6fO{ ;xg afWo x'g' k¥of] / ;/sf/sf] bdg ;xg' k/]sf] / Tof] sfnf] /ft ;Dembf lgs} 8/ nfUbf] lyof] . plg elG5g\ d';x/Ldf * 3/kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . x/]s jif{ af9Laf6 lj:yflkt eO{ xKtf lbg ;Dd 3/ 5f]8L ljBfnodf cf>o lng k'Ug] lvsLkl§sf] dflg;sf] cg'ej klg lgs} lttf] ;To /x]sf] 5 .

d'l¶ art, 3/ b}nf] cleofgdf ;xefuL afnaflnsfx? klg lgs} ;lqmo ?kdf nfu]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfodf x'g] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f k"j{ tof/Ldf sfd ug{ ;lsPdf kl5 kg]{ lk8f sd ug{ ;lsG5 . xKtf ;Ddsf] ef]s k]6n] ;/sf/L /fxtsf] d'v tfSg' kb}{g . klxnf] ;d:of t'?Gt} :yflgo :t/df k|of]u u/]/ tTsflng ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ of] clefog ;'? u/]sf] d'l¶ art Joj:yfkgsf ;+of]hssf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . of] s;/L ;'?jft eof] eGbf l/ˆn]S6 s]Gb|sf ;xeflu v}Vg vft'g elG5g\ . xfd|f] ;ldltnfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd kfPsf lyof} . tflnddf sf]ifsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfof} / To; ljifonfO{ jx; s]Gb|df 5nkmn ul/of} . k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sn]

s'g lbg hfg] elg tf]s] kl5 ;d'bfo ldn]/ k|To]s 3/ 3/df uP/ rfdn k};f ;+sng u¥of}+ . csf]{ b}lgs k|To]s 3/df Ps d'l¶ klg hDdf u/]sf 5f}+ . plg elG5g\ of] sf]ifsf] kl/rfng ubf{ cToGt} lk8f kbf{ ;'Ts]/L, ue{ cj:yfdf, cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf k|sf]k k/]df /fxtsf] nflu k|of]u ug]{ b'j} jl:tsf JolQmx?sf] 3/df /x]sf] klxnf] ;d:of 6/] kl5 ;/sf/L /fxt klg vf]Hg hfg] u/]sf] 5 . x/]s ;d:ofdf k|sf]k k"j{ tof/Lsf] lqmofsnfkdf ;/sf/L tk{maf6 kxn ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf]Og / <

dgdfof lg/f}nf

;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfn

ufpFsf :yflgo hgtfn] ug{ yfn] ah]6sf] vf]hL

afFs] lhNnfsf] ;"b'/ k"jL{ jf gofF g]kfnsf] &^ cf}+ lhNnfsf] ?kdf lrlgg] /fKtL kf/L If]qdf /x]sf ( j6f uf=lj=;= dWo] dw]zL ;d'bfosf] j:tL ePsf ^ j6f uf=lj=;=x? kb{5g\ . hxfF ;/sf/sf]

;]jf ;'ljwfsf] ?kdf ljBfno uf=lj=;= / :jf:Yo rf}sLx?sf] ejgx? /x]sf 5g\ . logLx?n] s] s] ;]jf ;'ljwf lbG5g\ . eGg] s'/f clwsf+z hgtfx?nfO{ yfxf 5}g . lo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|d'vx? k|foM ;b/d'sfddf jf ef/sf] ab/fOndf j:b5g= . log} ^ j6f uf=lj=;= dWo] e6]lxof uf=lj=;= klg Ps xf] . hxfFsf] ;a} uf=lj=;=x? h:tf] cj:yf 5 . eflj sfo{qmdx? @–$ hgf cu'jf g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf agfpg] / ltg}n] OR5fPsf] JolQmaf6 sfof{Gjog u/fpg] kl/kfl6 /x]sf] 5 .

@))( ;fn cu:6 dlxgf blv l8k]sf] kfFrf} kl/of]hgf e6]lxof / u+ufk'/df nfu' eof], ;f] kl/of]hgf cGtu{t e6]lxofsf] jf8{ g+= ! g]jfhLufpFdf l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb| u7g eof] h;df Tolxsf :yflgo hgtfx?sf] cu'jfO{df @% hgfsf] ;d"x aGof] . / ltgLx?nfO{ lj:tf/} Tolxsf] ;d:ofsf] af/]df a'emfpg / of] ;d:of s;/L lg/fs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 / s;n] lg/fs/0f u5{ eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L gePsf] / hfgsf/L ePsfx?sf] ;+u7g gePsf]n] o:tf] ;d:of ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f kQf nfUof] .

;fd'lxs artn] x6fof] ef]s

/fdjlQ rf}w/L ;'Gbk'/ j8f g++= $ wfdLrfFksL x'g\ . #^ jif{sL /fdjlQ 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/LsL cfdf x'g\ . % hgfsf] kl/jf/ ePsf] pgL lgDg jlu{o kl/jf/df kb{5 . lqo'uf vf]nfn] pAhgL x'g] v]t k'/fg tyf s6fg u/] kl5 cfo>f]tdf sdL x'Fb} uPsf] atfpFl5g\ /fdjlQ pgL elG5g\ lqo'uf vf]nfn] lj:yflkt eO{ wfFdLrfFk cfPsf] t/ oxfFsf] hUuf klg P]nfgL kb{5 .

pgL elG5g\ d d]/f] >Ldfg\ ;fdfGo s[ifs xf} . c?sf] clwofal6of vghf]t u/L pAhfpg' k/]sf] 5 . d/L–d/L lbg/ft >d ubf{ klg /fd|/L vfg gk'u]sf] atfpFl5g\ To; dfly 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ a9fO{ vr{, cf}ifwL vr{sf] nflu wf}–wf} k/]sf] lyof] . ha gjk|eft g]kfnaf6 gd"gf 6f]n ;+/If0f ;d"x u7g eof] / xfdLn] ;fd'lxs art tyf d'l¶ art ug{ yfNof}+ . To;kl5 clxn] ljxfg a]n'sf d nufPt c? s;}n] klg d'l¶ art u/]sf] rfdnn] 5fs 6fg{sf] nflu k|of]u u5f}{ . / t'?Gt} k]m/L hDdf u/]/ /fV5f}+ . art u/]sf] k};f cf}ifwL vr{sf] nflu k|of]u u/]/ pQm C0f r'Qmf u/]/ clxn] k]m/L C0f lnP/ t/sf/L v]tL @ s¶fdf ;'?jft u/]sf] 5' . pxfF eGg'x'G5 ca c? art tyf >0f ;d"x tyf zxsf/Laf6 C0f lnP/ df]6/

hf]8\g] / % s¶fdf ljleGg t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ . xf] jf:tjdf ul/ax?sf] nflu yf]/} k};f klg w]/} x'Fbf]/x]5 . ;fFRr} /fdjlQsf] cj:yf ca ;'lw|b} 5 . t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ ;f]r eP klg k"FhLsf] cefjn] ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg t/ sd ;] sd gd"gf ;d"xaf6 ?= !%,)).– C0f lnP/ ;'?jft u/]sf] 5' .

k|ef rf}w/L cleofgstf{

gjk|eft g]kfn syfn] agfof] ;+u7g

afFs] lhNnfsf] d6]lxof / u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;=df ;+rfng eO{ /x]sf] l8k]sf]–% ;'/lIft ;d'bfo bf]>f] cGt/ut * j6f l/k\mn]S6 ;s{n / % j6f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gsf] qmddf u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= !, @, # ;f]gjiff{sf] k|sf]k Jo:yfkg ;ldlt u7gsf nflu k6s k6s k|of; x'Fbf klg u7g ug{ g;ls/x]sf] / pQm :yfgdf ul7t l/k\mn]S6 ;s{ndf klg ;xeflux? pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf lyof] .

ljz]ift ;d'bfox?sf] JolQmut l/l;jL / JolQmut k|nf]egsf sf/0f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g x'g g;s]sf] tyf l/km\n]S6 s]Gb|df klg cf–cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfo{ hfg glbg] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] lyof] .

ldlt @@ cui6 @))( sf lbg pQm # j6f jf8{sf ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx?nfO{ e]nf u/fO{ 5nkmn ul/of] / k]m/L klg ljjfb emg emg rls{of] . To;kl5 ;d'bfosf dflg;x?;Fu s]xL ;do dfu]/ plgx?nfO{ j8f lk5] ;d"x agfP/ cf–cfk\mgf] jf8{sf] #, # hgf JolQmx?sf] 5gf}6 ug{ nufof] . ( hgf JolQmsf] gdfjnL lnP/ cfO{ ;s]kl5 ;du|df x]bf{ ( hgfsf] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g eof] t/ pQm k\sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf % hgf lxGb' / $ hgf d'l:nd JolQm ePsf] x'Fbf km]/L lxGb' d'l:ndsf] ljjfb rls{of] .

cGtdf jxfF;Fu k'g s]lx ;do lnP/, Pp6f jfl:tljs hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt syf ;'gfP kl5 pQm ;ldltnfO{ ;j{;xdtLaf6 kfl/t eof] .

Pp6f Go"h lk|G6df ! hgf cfFvf gePsf] / ! hgf v'§f gePsf] JolQmsf] lrq agfP/ rrf{ ug{ nufof] / syf o; k|sf/ ;'gfO{of] . oL lrqdf ePsf JolQmx? les dfu]/ cf–cfk\mgf] hLljsf rnfO{ /x]sf lyP . Ps lbg b'j}sf] e]6 eof] . v'§f gePsf] JolQmn] csf]{ ;fyL;Fu ldn]/ les dfUg] ;Nnfx u¥of] . b'j}sf] ;xdltdf pgLx?n] sfo{of]hgf agfP h;df v'§f gx'g] JolQmnfO{ cfFvf gb]Vg] ;fyLn] pgsf] cfDbfgL

lgs} a9\of] . lev lbg] JolQmx?n] af]n]/ les lbg] ub{y] h;nfO{ cfFvf gb]Vg]n] dg dg} k};f hf]8blyof] . t/ ;fFem k};f afF8\g] a]nf v'§f gx'g]n] csf]{ ;fyLnfO{ hlxn] klg 7Ug] ub{lyof] . h;n] ubf{ k'g ljjfb eof] / pgLx? cnu eP / k'/fg} z}nLdf les dfUg yfn] .

Ps lbg eujfg lzjn] cfFvf gb]Vg] JolQmnfO{ a/bfg dfUg eg] / v'§f gx'g]mnfO{ klg e]6]/ a/bfg dfUg eg] b'j}n] o:tf] j/bfg dfu] lzj eujfg bË k/] . lzj eujfg lsg bË k/] < ;xefuL 5nkmn lt b'j}n] s] s] a/bfg dfu] xf]nf < ;xefuL 5nkmn ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf] hjfkm -cfFvf gx'g]n] cfFvf / v'§f gx'g]n] v'§f dfUof]_ t/ of] s;/L bË kg]{ s'/f eof] . ;xefuL 5nkmn To;f] eP tkfO{n] cfk\mgf] b'ZdgnfO{ ;Demg'; eGbf plgx?n] eg] cfFvf gx'g]sf] cfFvf g} h:tf] xf]; v'§f gx'g]n] v'§f gx'g]sf] v'§f g} h:tf] xf]; eg]/ a/bfg dfu] / lzj eujfgn] tyf:t' ubf{ b'j} hgfsf] cj:yf s:tf] eof] xf]nf . lo lrq h:tf] cfk\mgf] ;ldlt b]Vg rfxG5' . To;kl5 ;d'bfosf ;xefuLx?n] pQm ;ldltnfO{ :jLsf/ u¥of] .

l8Nn' /fd l3ld/] lkmN8 sf]l8{g]6/

la u|'k

b]jL dfofnfO{ l/kmn]S6 s]Gb|n] agfof] ;fd'bflos jgsf] cWoIf

pbok'/ ufO{3f6sf] lq=g=kf= @ rKkg eGg] 7fpFdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsL b]aL dfof s6'jfn ;bf k|sf]k k"j{tof/Ls]f sfo{df cu|;/ x'b} cfPsL l5g\ . b]jL dfof s6'jfn $% aif{ k'u]sL l5g\ pgsf] kl/jf/df rf/ j6f 5f]/L / ! 5f]/f u/L hDdf & hgf /x]sf] 5 .

;'/lIft ;d'bfo l8k]sf] kl/of]hgf sfo{qmd gjk|eft ;+:yfåf/f lq=g=kf=@ rKkgdf ;+rfng ePkl5 ;fwf/0f n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] b]jL dfof s6\jfnfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIftf kbdf /fVg

vf]Hbf pgL d n]v k9 ug{ ghfGg] 5' . To;}n] d ;fwf/0f ;b:otfdf a:5' egL b]jL dfof s6\jfnn] ;b:osf] kb /f]h]sL l5g\ .

clxn] lq=g=kf=@ rKkg 7fpFdf l/ˆn]S6 s]Gb| ;+rfng eO{ 5nkmn x'g yfn]kl5 pgL lgodLt ?kdf l/ˆn]S6 s]Gb|sf] 5nkmndf ;xefuL x'g yflng ;fy} n]vk9df Wofg lbg yfnL k|f}9 lzIff ;d]t k9\g hfGg yflng cfˆgL ;xL cfk}m ug{ ;Sg] aG5' egL 86 kg]sf] k|of]u ug{ yfn]sL b]jL dfof 5nkmn, uf]i6L x'Fbf cuf8L cfP/ b'O{rf/ zAb af]Ng ;Sg] x'Fb} uO{g\ . o;/L Ps jif{sf] nfdf] ;+3if{ kl5 b]jL dfof s6'jfn ;fwf/0f n]vk9 ug{ ;Sg] ePsL b]jL dfof clxn] rKkg ;fd'bflos agsf] cWoIf kbdf a;L k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nfuL !% ls=dL= sf7 pknAw u/fPsL l5g To:t} u/L cfk\mgf] ;d'bfodf k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf nfuL ljleGg cleofgx? rnfO{ ;s]sL 5g\ .

h:t}– 3/–3/df rkL{ cleofg ;/;kmfO{ cleofg d'l¶ art cleofg

dfl;s @) ?k}of ;+sng u/L /sd a9fpgsf] nfuL ;os8f @ n] Jofhdf k};f nufgL nufpg'k5{ / b'O{ dlxgf kl5 lkmtf{ lng] egL gLlt lgod agfO{ nufgL u/]sL l5g\ . o:t} u/L ljleGg lgsfox?df uO{ cfly{s ;xof]u dfu u/L cfk\mgf] ufpFsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] dlxnfsf] ?kdf lrlgGg k'u]sL . b]jL dfof s6'jfn ce}m afn s]Gb| dd{t ug{sf nfuL lq=g=kf=df uO{ cfly{s ;xof]u dfu ug]{ elg lg0f{o u/]sL l5g To:t} u/L cfk\mg} ufpFdf rKkg ;fd'bflos jg ejgsf] lgdf{0f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ejg lgdf{0f afn s]Gb| dd{t M ug]{ elg ;fd'lxs 5nkmnåf/f lg0f{o lgsfnL ljleGg lgsfox? ;dIf cfly{s ;xof]u jf ah]6 dfu ub}{ lxl8/x]sL l5g\ . o;/L ;d'bfo / ljleGg lgsfox?sf] dg lhTg ;kmn ePsL b]jLdfof s6'jfn ce}m a9L k|sf]k k"j{tof/L sfo{df cu|;/ eO{ nfuL k/]sL l5g ;fy} ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t cu|;/ agfPsL l5g\ .

lgd{nf a'9fyf]sL l/kmn]S6 ;xhstf{

gjk|eft g]kfn

@)^# ;fndf xfd|f] u+ufk'/ / d6]lxof uf=lj=;=df uP/ Ps hgf xlnd vfg eGg] JolQm

hgr]tgf ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cWoIf klg x'g''x'G5 . a6'nf ;fO{ / d'jf/s d's]/Lsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf k|lt JolQm l;6 !)! ?k}of hDdf u/fO{ ltgLx?nfO{ nf]e b]vfP/ ls tkfO{x?sf] of] k};f kl5 a9\5 / xfdL kl5 tkfO{x?sf] ufpFdf hgr]tgf ;+rfng u5f}{ eg]/ 7u]sf lyP . To:tf ;d'bfosf dflg;x? xfdLx?sf] k};f a9\5 eg]/ cfzf u/]/ a;]sf lyP . kl5 ltgLx?n] a6'nf / d'jf/s;Fu ;f]Wbf ltgLx?n] eg] xlnd vfg l;t dfUg' Tof] ;'g]/ ;a} dflg;x? ltgsf] vf]hL ug{ nfu] . pgL kl5 ToxfF yfxf eof] ls p;n] k};f lnP/ efu]\5 . Tof] ;'g]/ ToxfFsf ;a} dflg;x? r'k nfu]/ a;]sf lyP . Ps lbg xfdLn] s]Gb| rnfpFbf v]/L of] ;jfn p7]sf] lyof] . ToxfFsf] ;a} dflg;x? a6'nf / d'jf/snfO{ af]nfpg] / cfk\mgf] k};f ltgLx?nfO{ dfUg] eg]sf 5g\ . d}n] ;f]w} tkfO{ clxn] ;Dd lsg r'k nfu]/ a:g' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx?n] eg] sL xfdLn] s;} l;t eG5' eg] xfF:5g\ . ToxL eP/ xfdL r'k nfu]/ a;]sf lyof} . clxn] Psbd} cfk\mgf] clwsf/nfO{ vf]hL ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ .

xl;gf afFgf] d's]/L

u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ afFs]

/lx; d's]/L uf=lj=;=;+u k|:tfj /fVg ;Ifd

xfd|f] u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= jf8{ g+= $, % bf]Gb|fsf] 5nkmn s]Gb|df ;d:of eg] uf=lj=;=df afnaflnsf / dlxnf ljsf;sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd xfd|f] j8fdf kfO{/x]sf] 5}g . lsgeg]/ 5nkmn ubf{ l/k\mn]S6 ;xefuLx?sf ;fy} k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf /lx; d's]/L Ho", n] uf=lj=;=sf uf=lj=;= ;lrjnfO{ xfd|f] l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb|df af]nfP/ xfd|f] dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;sf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] /sd xfdLnfO{ lsg ldNb}g eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ ;lrj Ho"n] eGg' eof] ls h;sf] nflu cfPsf] ;'v ;''ljwf 5g\ . pxfFx?n] dfu gu/]sf] v08df xfdL s;nfO{ lbg] To;kl5 ToxfF ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?n] eg] Tof] /sd xfdLnfO{ lbg';\ / xfdL ;f] /sdaf6 xfd|f] ;d'bfosf ul/a dlxnf, afnaflnsf, cfly{s, z}lIfs ;DalGw ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg] 5f}+ . To;sf] nflu uf=lj=;=sf] ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{of] .

/fhs'df/L xl/hg

u+ufk'/ & hd'gL

df6f] s6fg /f]lsof]

Og?jf j8f g+ ^ lvlqmkl§sf] gfdn] kl/lrt o; a:tL ;'g;/L vf]nfsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ ;'g;/L vf]nfdf cfpg] af9Ln] !$ ,!% 3/ lj:yflkt eO{ $,% lbg ljwfnodf z/0f lng k'Ug] cj:yf lyof] . ;u7g gx'bfF h;nfO{ h] dg nfUof] To;n] To;} u/L df6f] sf6\g] / a]Rg] ug]{ uy]{.h;sf] zlQm p;}sf] elQm rNg] u/]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf cu'jfsf] ?kdf lrlgg] vlnn dG;'/L cfkm}n] 6\ofS6/ jfnfnfO{ k6s k6s df6f] sf6\g lbPsf] s'/f d'l;at ax; s]Gb|df v'nf;f ePsf] lyof] . ;fd'bflos ejgsf] k5f8L ;'g;/L vf]nfsf] l8nsf] df6f] sf6\bf a:tLdf af9L k:g] af6f] agfP h:tf] ePsf] lyof] .df6f] sf6]sf] 7fpFaf6 af9L l;w} a:tLdf k:g] u/]sf] lyof] eGg] km'Nsf] p/fjFsf] egfO{ 5 .

lvs|Lkl§, av]{8fF8f, O{:nfdk'/ gfds ;fgf ;fgf 6f]n ul/ $% 3/ kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . ;fd'bfoLs ejgdf x/]s xKtfsf] tLg lbg d';Ljt ax; s]Gb|df p7]sf ;jfnx?nfO{ cu'jfO{ ug{ d';Ljt Joa:yfkg ;ldlt :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . df6f]sf] ;jfndf jx; s]Gb|df k6s k6s 5nkmn eof] . To; s]Gb|df al9 dlxnfx? dfq cfpg] ePsf] sf/0f o; ;jfndf jx; s]Gb| / ;ldltsf] ;fd'lxs a}7s a:of] . ;ldltsf cWoIf vgLn dG;'/L g} ePsf sf/0f ax; s]Gb|df ;Fu7g tof/ ul/ Psdt eP/ df6f] sf6\g glbg] a? To; If]qdf la?jf nufpg ;s] /fd|f] x'g] s'/fdf ljZj:t eO{ cWoIfnfO{ afWo agfO{ cfkm}+ ljkt Joa:yfkgsf] cWoIf ePkl5 cfkm} /f]Sg] sfddf ;s[o x'g afWox'g' k/of] . ;Fo"Q a}7sdf 5nkmn egfeg eO{ lgisz{df k'uL ToxLlbg b]lv h;n] df6f] a]Rg] k|of; u5{ p;nfO{ sfo{jfxL ug]{ egL lg0f{of ul/of] . To;lbg b]vL vf]nfsf] df6f] sf6\g] sfd aGb ePsf] 5 .

ca df6f] sf6]/ a]Rg]nfO{ d cfkm} a}7s /fv]/ sfo{jfxL u5'{ eG5g\ vlnn dG;\'/L .jf:tjd} ax; s]Gb|n] dxz';Ls/0f u/]sf] ;xof]uLx?sf] kxn,k|of; ePsf] 5 .o; af6 klg a'em\g ;lsg] / a'em\g' kg]{ ;d'bfosf] cfkm} cfkm\gf] ;d:of k|lt ulDe/ ge} csf{sf] xf] jf ;/sf/L xf] eg]/ nfkfjf{xL ubf{ ;d:of xfdLn] g} v8f ul//x]sf] x'bfF /x]5f} Æl/km\n]S6 ;xhstf{sf] egfO{ 5 .

ax; s]Gb| ;jfn klxrfg / pgLx?sf] dx;''; ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Sg] ;jfnsf] 6'uf] nufpg klg k5L kb}{gg\ ;xefuLx? . To;}n] ;jfndf dx;';Ls/0f h?/t cjZo x'g'k5{ clg dfq xft kg'{ ;kmntfsf] . dgdfof lg/f}nf

;d'bfo kl/rfns, pKsf g]kfnl/km\n]S6 s]Gb|n] Gofo lbnfof]

@)^^ ;fndf u+ufk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( u+ufk'/df dflNjk|;fb df}o{ eGg] Ps hgf JolQm x'g'x'GYof] . / Ps hgf dlxnf hnjiff{ df}o{ lyof] / dflNjsf] v]tdf hnjiff{n] wfg sf6\g hfGYf] slDtdf kfFr lbg ;Dd wfg sf6\of] / Ps dlxgf k5fl8 e]nfsf] rGbf p7fpg nfUof] . wgL;Fu klg @)) ?k}of / ul/a dfG5];Fu klg @)) ?k}of / ufpFsf ;a} dfG5]x?n] lbxfn] / hn jiff{sf] 3/df s]lx klg lyPg . p;n] @)) ?k}of lbg ;s]g / Tof] dflNjsf] v]tdf wfg sf6]sf] lyof] . To;sf] kfFr lbgsf] dhb'/L dflNjn] lbPg ToxL d]nfsf] rGbfdf sfl6 xfNof] / To;sf] 3/df sf]xL klg lyPg . @ hgf 5f]/L, ! hgf cfdf u/L # hgf dfq lyP . / # hgf k};fsf] sf/0f d]nf

x]g{ uPg To} klg p;n] s;};Fu eg]g . ;Gtf]if u/]/ a;]5 . ca rfFlx l/k\mn]S6 s]Gb| ;+rfng u/] b]lv ! lbg s]Gb| Tof] ;jfn ;a} hgf ;xefulu p7fpg' eof] . To;sf] nflu ca p;nfO{ dflNjn] rfFlx hnjiff{n] dhb'/Lsf] k};f lb xfn] . zflGt b]jL df}o{ uf=lj=;= u+ufk'/ j8f g+= ( la u'|k– afFs]

d}gjlQ algg\ d'g'

d'g' rf}w/L clxn] @) jif{sf] ePsL l5g\ p;sf] kl/jf/df hDdf !) hgf /x]sf] 5 . * 5f]/f5f]/l dWo] pgL dflxnL 5f]/L x'g\ . a'afcfdf ;fwf/0f ls;fg x'g\ . cfˆgf] v]t s6fg tyf k'/fg ePkl5 c?sf] clwof al6of ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . cfk\mgf] pTkfbgaf6 $ dlxgf ;Dd vfg k'U5 t/ afFsL * dlxgf Hofnf dhb'/l / kQ/L a]r]/ 5fs 6f5{g\ .

d'g' nufPt ToxfFsf clwsf+zn] kQ/L a]r]/ lhljsf]kfh{g u/] klg pgL pbfx/l0fo ag]sL l5g\ . cf7 hgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg g;s] kl5 d'g' :s"n} uOgg\ t/ lszf]/L sIff lnP/ k9n]v ug{ ;Sg] ePsL l5g\ . 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] / cfDbfgL st}af6 gcfPsf]n] pgL nufPt p;sf] efO{jlxgL klg k9\gaf6 al~rt x'g] cj:yfdf lyof] .

t/ d'g' cfk"m lzIff gkfP klg efO{jlxgL lzIffaf6 al~rt gxf];\ egL $ jif{ b]lv kQ/L ufF;L a]lr/x]sL l5g\ . % hgf alxgL / ! -Ps_ lblbnfO{ kQ/L a]r]/} a9fO vr{ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . kQ/L a]r]/ dfl;s !%))–@))) ;Dd x'g] u/]sf] pgL atfpF5Lg . Tolt dfq geP/ 3/sf] sfddf klg plQs} ;do lblG5g\ . a9fO{ vr{af6 pa|]sf] k};fn] nQfsk8f lsGg] / 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpg] u/]sf] atfpFl5g\ . pgL elG5g\– ækQ/L ga]Rbf k};fsf] w]/} vfFrf] x'GYof] / laxfg a]n'sfsf] 5fs 6fg{ klg wf}–wf} k¥Yof] t/ of] kQ/L a]r]sf] k};fn] w]/} ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . d]/f] lbbL / alxgLx? k9\g kfPsf] 5 .

wfdLrfFkdf gjk|eftn] gd"gf 6f]n ;+/If0f ;d"x u7g u¥of] pQm ;d"xdf d'g'sf] cfdf klg cfj4 eof] / lgoldt art ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . p;sL cfdfn] pQm ;d"xaf6 t/sf/L v]tL ug{ ljpljhgsf] nflu ?=%)).– lnP/ t/sf/L v]tLsf] ;'?jft u/]sf] 5' . d'g' elG5g\ t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ ;f]r lyof] t/ k};fsf] cefjn] ug{ ;s]sf] lyPgf} . d}n] dfq sdfPsf] k};fn] k'u]sf] lyPg . t/ ;d"xaf6 yf]/} k};f lnP/ t/sf/L v]tLsf] ;'?jft u/]sf 5f}+ . ca k]m/L C0f lnP/

df]6/ h8fg u/]/ % s¶fdf t/sf/l v]tL ug]{ . h;n] ubf{ dnfO{ klg ;xof]u x'G5 elG5g\ d'g' .

k|ef rf}w/L cleofgstf{

gjk|eft g]kfn