diplomacy- part 3

8/9/2019 Diplomacy- Part 3

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/diplomacy-part-3 1/19



Concepts:

o Track-one diplomacy -> f ormal diplomacy in

the hands of diplomats and their states.

o Track-two diplomacy -> ref ers to thephenomenon of unoff icial, inf ormal

interaction among members of adversarial

groups or citizens f rom diff erent states. (eg.

Conf lict between Israelis and Palestinians)



Such ´citizen diplomacyµ takes place

because other actors view governments as

entangled in the issues and processes, unable

to make progress, and so private actorsbypass governments to allow ´the peopleµ to

do the job.



MNCs (Multi-national Companies)

- the most outstanding and signif icant non-

state actor that can negotiate and bargain

with states- can off er a country capital funds, expertise,

technology, and an outlet into world markets



INGOs (International nongovernment

organizations) ² some INGOs f avor workshops

in which private adversarial groups can come

up with solutions to conf licts that haveeluded governments



* Private citizens and INGOs can establish

inf ormal diplomatic communication and

propose solutions, but principally it is the

state that has the authority to negotiate andto make binding decisions.

* INGOs are probably more inf luential in the

¶low politics· areas (human rights and the

environment) than in the ¶high politics· areasof security (disarmament issues).



Multilateral diplomacy ² conf erence

diplomacy

- f orm of diplomacy that involves a

meeting of several or more states to dealwith one or more shared problems

- eg. Earth Summit of 1992, Beijing

World Conf erence on Women in 1995

- sometimes lead to treaties that areavailable f or ratif ication by the participating

states (eg. Law of the Sea Conf erence of

1982)



- in the case of the Conf erence on the

Sea, it brings up the interesting question of

whether or not a majority of signatory states

can pull a minority of non-signatory statestheir way and eventually expect them to

accept the rules of the treaty.



* Multilateral diplomacy allows all concerned

parties to meet together, thus f acilitating

problem solving and agreement. As a long-

term eff ect, sharing experiences andproblems and seeking joint solutions are

helping to f orm a sense of an international

society among states and INGOs.



How diff erent are the views of realists and

transnationalists?

Has the role of diplomacy transf ormedsuff iciently to allow us to conclude that

realists and transnationalists hold two

completely diff erent views?



Diplomacy could help several states establish

and keep the peace.

Diplomacy can serve the common interests of

states.Diplomacy can moderate the anarchy of the

world only in degree.

Diplomacy may or may not mitigate conf licts

among states that can lead to war.



Diplomacy off ered a bond f or a growing

number of states with diverse cultures,

allowing them to f ind their common

interests. ´«the diplomatic prof ession itself is a

custodian of the idea of international

society, with a stake in preserving and

strengthening it.µDiplomacy could help pull together a large

number of diverse states into a society.



3 aspects of diplomacy:

1. Nonstate actors take part regularly in

diplomacy.

2. Multiple issues, many technical in nature,draw states together to make lif e easier and

more convenient f or all concerned.

3. States emphasize multilateral f orums to f orge

cooperation toward common goals.

Diplomacy is helping to shape a f ormative

international society.



Today·s diplomacy generally supports respect

f or the authority behind international law

and international organizations and is the

chief instrument f or providing many morerules and norms to guide conduct in

international society.

The orientation of diplomacy is clearly

toward cooperation and the avoidance of conf lict, especially the use of force.



Multilateralism is simply diplomacy in which

many actors meet in the same place, either

in ad hoc conf erences or in the more

structured international organizations.Diff erences in national cultures, national

interests, and diplomatic styles can still

occur and create turbulence in diplomatic

relations.



´W hen a diplomat says yes he means perhaps;

when he says perhaps he means no;

when he says no he is no diplomat.µ

- Anonymous



T hese then are the qualities of my ideal

diplomatist. T ruth, accuracy, calm, patience,

good temper, modesty and loyalty. T hey are

also the qualities of an ideal diplomacy.´But,µ the reader may object, ´ you have

forgotten intelligence, knowledge,

discernment, prudence, hospitality, charm,

industry and even tact.µ I have not forgottenthem, I have taken them for granted.

² Harold Nicolson (Diplomacy)

diplomacy- part 3

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