Direct Leadership Techniques

Direct Leadership Techniques

Methods used when leading in face-to-face situations Game leading Song leading Facilitating a leisure education

session Giving a guided tour Coaching a youth sport Conducting a meeting

Direct Leadership Techniques

Phase I: Preparation

Phase II: Priming the Group

Phase III: Delivery

Phase I: Know the Group Group composition

Size of group % females and males Age mix Needed accommodations Experience levels Motivations Familiarity with one another Medical histories available?

Phase I: Risk Management

Have you gone through the risk management checklist?

Do you have the right staff? Do you know enough about the

participants to be safe? Are the activities appropriate for

the group? Have you played “What if…?”

Phase I: Goals and Objectives

Goals Something for which one strives, an

aim

Objectives Steps to reaching a goal

Types of Goals

Societal goals Aims or ideals of community Tend to be culturally relevant

Professional goals Professionalism Performance standards Ethical behaviors

Types of Goals

Agency or organizational goals Quality Service orientation

Participant goals Diverse Influenced by culture, demographics

Common Participant Goals

Skill, knowledge development Physical, cognitive Progression facilitates proper

learning

Interpersonal skills Human relations skills Manipulate physical environment to

facilitate learning

Common Participant Goals

Democratic living skills Cooperation, fair play, equality Being a “good sport”

To have fun Health benefits

Physical exercise, mental health Often a “bonus benefit” to leisure

participation

Types of Objectives

Cognitive Deal with thinking

Behavioral Deal with physical actions, skills

Affective Deal with feelings, emotions

Thinking SMART

S = Specific M = Measurable A = Achievable R = Realistic T = Trackable

Objectives must be…

ABCDs of Writing Objectives

A = Audience Who is doing the action

B = Behavior The action the audience must do The verb Only one behavior/verb per

objective

ABCDs of Writing Objectives

C = Condition Describes the behavior specifically Describes how, when, where, form,

number of trials, etc. D = Degree

Describes how well the behavior will be accomplished

Must directly relate to the behavior

Setting the Tone

Leaders positively influence a leisure experience Set the mood Manipulate the physical

environment Enhance the socioemotional

element Enhance the psychological

environment

Setting the Tone

Alter the physical environment Use of color Lighting Noise, sounds, music Pictures, artwork, visual media Arrange space safely, efficiently,

for maximum effectiveness

Phase II: Getting Attention

Keep it fun Unexpected Respectful Experiential Consider participant

perceptions Experiment

Phase II: Dividing Groups

Divide according to primary goal Be joyful, fun Be creative, equitable Consider participant perceptions Strive to enhance the leisure

experience

Phase II: Learning Names

Demonstrates respect of participants

Facilitates group cohesion Facilitates trust Learn proper pronunciation Use preferred name

Delivery: Phase III

Introducing an activity Leader introduces self Name the activity Identify the goal Tell a short story to set the mood

Phase III: Giving Directions

Do not assume participants know the activity

Ensure that everyone knows the same rules

KISS KIP PLAY

Phase III: Leading Songs Sing the song through Demonstrate any associated

motions Sing a verse, participants repeat Group and leader sing entire song Add motions, sing verse at a time As a group, sing entire song with

motions Sing through at least twice

Phase III: Song Rounds

Sing as many times as there are groups

Follow the steps listed for song leading

Engage the groups using your entire body, inviting gestures

Phase III: Transitions

Links within and between activities, between activity sessions

Comment on similarities Comment on differences Comment on both similarities and

differences

Phase III: Conclusions

Stop when people are having fun Emphasize strengths, group

cohesion Review how things went Keep it positive Be sure conclusion is definitive

Successful Meetings

Formal meetings Robert’s Rules of Order

Controls who speaks when How to make, decide a motion What material can be considered

Informal meetings More free-flowing Allows people to freely interact

Successful Meetings

Prior to the meeting Identify the purpose Identify who should be in attendance Make a conscious choice of location Decide how it will be conducted Provide an agenda several days

before the meeting

Meeting Agendas

Provide guidance, structure to the meeting

Enable participants to prepare Send final version a minimum of

two days ahead of time Estimate the amount of time per

item

Meeting Agendas

Heading centered at the top: AGENDA

Name of the group meeting Date of the meeting Time of start and end Location of the meeting Purpose statement

Meeting Agendas cont’d

Introduction of guests Acceptance of minutes Old business New business Other items Announcements

During a Meeting the Leader…

Sets the tone Considers seating arrangement Is responsible for time management Establishes/Reiterates ground rules Identifies a recorder (for taking

minutes) Facilitates involvement of everyone

(consider diversity, cultural influences) Finishes at stated time

After the Meeting

Be aware of the “meeting-after-the meeting”

Ask to bring these issues up at the next scheduled meeting

Periodically evaluate meetings

Meeting Minutes

Official record of what occurred The “gist” of what was said Follow the format of the agenda Also include…

Roll call Action items Next meeting information Submitted by…

Virtual Meetings

Participants are in different physical locations

Teleconference Videoconference Online meeting Requires same level of leader

preparation and coordination as face-to-face meeting

Oral Presentations: Preparation

Preparation Know the topic Know the reason for the presentation Know the audience Know the technology Organize the presentation Practice

Oral Presentations: Delivery

Personal appearance and presence matter Dress neatly Carry yourself well Avoid fidgeting Keep hands out of pockets Use appropriate gestures, do

so consciously

Oral Presentations: Delivery

Personal style and language Relax Project your voice Make eye contact Use appropriate language Avoid big words

Oral Presentations: Delivery

Be aware of the anchor Location that draws the presenter Engage your kinesthetic awareness,

conscious use of the anchor Anchor should enhance the

presentation Podium Projector Chalkboard Etc.

Visual Aids: Handouts

Should be clear, clean and readable Use good grammar, no typos Use no more than two font types Use 10-point font or larger Need large print version (18+ point) Decide when to use handouts Decide when to distribute handouts

Visual Aids: Flip Charts

Are easily portable Useful for keeping ideas in view Best suited for small audiences Require legible handwriting Can be prepared ahead of time Can be prepared during

presentation

Overhead Transparencies

Can be a static or dynamic tool Text should be at least 28-point

font Allows leader to face audience Legible handwriting required Turn off projector when not in use

Computer Slideshow

Keep it simple/minimize special effects

Maintain consistency in format, layout

Use appropriate number of slides Limit to six words on a line 28- to 44-point font KNOW the technology