direct examination.pwer point - tribal...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DIRECTEXAMINATION
EDWARD SNOWAUSA/EDOK
![Page 2: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BIG CONCEPTS• Looping
• Detail
• Demonstration
• Transitions
• One Fact
• Speak Plainly
• Rule of Threes
![Page 3: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is an effective direct examination?
The attorney asks simple, focused questions that . . .
help a witness testify in a manner that is clear, credible, memorable, and persuasive.
![Page 4: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Rules for Effective Direct Examinations
1. Argue on direct examination2. Prepare the argument of the case3. Ask focused questions that follow a logical
train of thought4. Eliminate self-inflicted distractions
![Page 5: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rule 1: Argue on Direct Examination
Effective direct examination is an argumentMake the facts argue, not the witnesses
![Page 6: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rule 2: Prepare the Argument of the Case
A well organized case consists of • a concise statement of the case, and• cohesive arguments that (a) support the
statement, and (b) that are consistentwith all the facts.
![Page 7: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prepare the Argument
Identify 3 or 4 of the best facts that you can rely on no matter what happens
Develop simple arguments based on those facts
Use those arguments to develop a simple theory
Following this structure forces you to simplify your case into a few chunks of information you can convey to a jury
![Page 8: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rule 3: Ask Focused Questions that Follow a Logical Train of Thought
Focused questions use the tools of form, focus, and memory
Logical trains of thought involve chronology, subject matter, recency/primacy, or a combination of all
![Page 9: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Form
Ask non-leading questions. FRE 611c) Leading Questions. Leading questions should not be used on direct examination except as necessary to develop the witness’s testimony. Ordinarily, the court should allow leading questions:(1) on cross-examination; and(2) when a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party.
![Page 10: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHAT IS A LEADING QUESTION?• A LEADING QUESTION IS A QUESTION THAT
SUGGESTS THE ANSWER(S).
![Page 11: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Form
One fact per question
![Page 12: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Focus
Narrow Questions
Choice
Tell me whether or not . . .
Tools for focusing the witness (keeping witness on the path
![Page 13: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Narrow Questions (One fact)
Where did you go when the robber ran out of the bank?
How long did it take you to get to the front door?
Where was the robber when you got to the front door?
Did the robber get in the driver side or passenger side of the car? (leading?) What, if any, side did the robber?
![Page 14: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Choice
Did the robber have anything in his hand? (what, if anything?)
What was it?
Was it a big gun or a small gun?
Was the gun dark or light?
![Page 15: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tell Me Whether or Not . . .
Tell me whether or not you heard the robber say anything to the teller.
Tell me whether or not you saw the robber get in the car.
![Page 16: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Memory Tools
LoopingDetail
DemonstrationTransitions
![Page 17: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LoopingCould you see the robber’s hands when he said, “Give me your money?”
Where were his hands when he said, “Give me the money?”
What was he doing with his hands at his waist?
Was he holding the gun with his left hand or his right hand?
![Page 18: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Looping (con’t)• After he put the gun in your face, what
happened? (BAD)• And after he put the gun in your face and you
gave him the money, what happened? (GOOD)
![Page 19: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Detail
How close were you to the robber when he pointed the gun at you?
Where on your body did he point the gun?
How close to your face was the gun?
![Page 20: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Demonstration
• What did the robber do with the gun?• What did the robber say when he held the gun to the
teller’s head?• Are you able to demonstrate how the robber held the gun
to the teller and told her he would kill her?• With the court’s permission, may the witness stand and
demonstrate how the robber held the gun to the teller and yelled at her?
First TELL, Then SHOW
![Page 21: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Advice when asking Memory Questions: Give Witnesses Elbow Room
In all fairness, can you remember word for word what Mr. Smith said to you six months ago?
But do you remember the substance of the conversation? In substance, what did he say to you?
![Page 22: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Transitions(Think Headings)
Now I'd like to turn your attention to . . .
I'd like to go back to . . .
Now I want to ask you about . . .
![Page 23: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Transitions Combine the tool of transitions with the rule of asking focused questions that follow a logical train of thought
QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion
TransitionQuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion
QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion
TransitionTransition
![Page 24: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Transitions (con’t)• As a general rule, I like to have only about 5
questions followed by a transition. I like to build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other details, then transition back to the dramatic point.
![Page 25: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Handle the Difficult Witness/Bad Facts
Characteristics of Difficult Witnesses
Bad Character/Motive to Lie Uncooperative Nervous / Forgetful
![Page 26: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
How to Handle the Difficult Witness
It’s easy: follow the rule—asked focused questions that follow a logical train of thought.
And be mindful to ask one fact per question.
![Page 27: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FRONT THE BAD.LIES, CONVICTIONS, DEALS, MOTIVES, PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENTS.
IF WE FRONT EM, IT HURTS LESS
![Page 28: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Rule 4: Eliminate These Distractions
Reading questionsIf you look at your notes, look up before speaking
Checking off each question askedBeing glued to the lectern (DISTRICT SPECIFIC)Using cop talk/uncommon style (talk like a juror)Uhm, okay, and . . . (False Starts)
![Page 29: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
WRITTEN QUESTIONS• This is an issue for you to decide. – What works best for you?• Does it look scripted?• Bullet points v. notes appears more conversational and
forces you to listen to the witness.
![Page 30: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Witness Preparation
Do Not Rehearse
Instead, review the facts with the witness
![Page 31: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Practice, Practice, Practice
Where: in the grand jury, PH, Bench trials.
Don’t get sloppy in GJ, PH, Bench trials just because you can.
![Page 32: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
DEMO
![Page 33: Direct Examination.pwer point - Tribal Governancetribalgovernance.com/wp...Examination.pwer-point.pdf · build right up to a dramatic point in my case, then transition back to other](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042919/5f62d06e582a900f595c5ed6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Questions?