Direct Speech is the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks (“ ”) in direct speech.

“ I want to help” Mary said.

Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We don’t use quotation marks in reported speech. We can either use the word “that” introductory verb or we can omit it.

Mary said (that) she wanted to help.

Present simple Past Simple“I am thirsty”, the boy said. The boy said (that) he was

thirsty.

Present Continuous Past Continuous“He’s sleeping”, she said to me. She told me (that) he was

sleeping.

Present Perfect Past Perfect“ I have washed the car”, he said. He said (that) he had

washed the car.

Past Simple Past Simple/ Past Perfect“ I played football”, John said. John said (that) he played/

had played football.

Past Continuous Past Continuous/ Past Perfect Continuous

“ We were dancing all night long”, She said (that) they were she said. dancing/ had been

dancing all night long.

Future Simple Conditional (would)“I’ll try again tomorrow”, he said. He said (that) he would try

again the next day.

must had to“She must go to bed at 9 o’ clock.” He said that she had to go to bed he said. at 9 o’ clock.

can could“My sister can play tennis”, she said. She said that her sister

could play tennis.

will would“I’ll try again tomorrow”, he said. He said that he would try

again the next day.

COULD, SHOULD, WOULD, MIGHT DO NOT CHANGE

Direct Speech

• tonight, today, this week / month / year

• now

• that night, that day, that week / month / year

• then, at that time / moment, immediately

• yesterday, last night / week / month / year

• the day before / the previous day, the previous night / week / month / year

Reported Speech

• tomorrow, next week / month / year

• the folowing day / the day after, the following / the next week / month / year

• two days / months / years, etc. ago

• here

• come

• two days / months / years, etc. before

• there

• go

1) John: "Mandy is at home.“

2) Max: "Frank often reads a book."Max told me that .

3) Susan: "I'm watching TV."Susan said to me that .

4) Simon: "David was ill."Simon said that .

5) Peggy: "The girls helped in the house."Peggy told me that .

6) Richard: "I am going to ride a skateboard."Richard said to me that .

7) Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows."Stephen and Claire told me that .

8) Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."Charles remarked that .

9) Mrs Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old."Mrs Jones told me that .

10) Jean: "The boss must sign the letter."Jean said that .

REPORTED QUESTIONSWe introduce reported questions with “ask,

wonder, want to know”

1) When the direct question is a “yes-no” question and begins with auxiliary (be,do have) or a modal verb (can, may,…) then the reported question begins with if/whether

EX:

“Did Tom go to bed last night?” she asked me.

She asked me if/whether Tom went/ had gone to bed late the previous night.

“Are you tired?” he asked.

He asked if/ whether I was tired.

“Can you get me ice cream, Tom?” asked Tim.

Tim asked Tom if/whether he could get him an ice cream.

2) When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how long, when, why, what, etc) the reported question begins with the same question word

EX:“Where do you live?” he asked me.

He asked me where I lived.“ Why did you buy these shoes?” asked Tim.

Tim asked me why I bought/had bought those shoes.

“How long are you staying here?” he asked.He asked me how long I was staying there.

Rewrite the sentences using “Reported Speech”1)“Do you need any help?” Jeremy asked.

Jeremy asked me if/whether I needed any help.2) “Where did you go yesterday?” she asked.

She asked me where I went/had gone the day before/ theprevious day.

3) “What do you do in your free time, David?” Tracy asked.Tracey asked David what he did in his free time.

4) “Will you marry me Kate?” Jack asked.Jack asked Kate if/ whether she would marry him.

Rewrite the sentences using the verbs given and “Reported Speech”

1)Dennis asked Emily: “Are you going to the cinema tonight?” (wantto know)Dennis wanted to know if/whether Emily was going to the cinema that night.

2) My father asked me: “ Have you finished your hw?” (want to know)My father wanted to know if/whether I had finished my hw.

VERB+ INFINITIVEagree, offer, promise, refuse, ask,hope

“Yes, I’ll post the letters.”He agreed to post the letters.

“Shall I drive you to work?” He offered to drive meto work.

“Of course I’ll lend you somemoney.”She promised to lend me some money.

“No, I won’t call her.” He refused to call her.

VERB+ OBJECT (SOMEBODY)+ INFINITIVEAsk, advise, invite, promise, warn, tell

“Can you help me?”He asked me to help him.

“Would you like to have dinner with me?”He invited me to have dinner with him.

“Don’t skate on the lake.”He warned us not to skate in the lake.

VERB+ THAT CLAUSEagree, complain, explain, hope, promise,

point out, reply, say, suggest, warn

“Yes, it’s a lovely hat”He agreed that it was a lovely hat.

“You are always interrupting me”He complained that I was always interrupting him.

“Of course I’ll help you finish it”He promised that he would help me finish it.

“I don’t like Indian food.” Mum pointed out that she didn’t like Indian food.

VERB+ OBJECT (SB) + THAT CLAUSEpromise, remind, tell, warn

“You have to have injections”Mum reminded me that I had to have injections.

“I’ll help you with your hw” She promised me that she would help me with my hw.

VERB+ INGsuggest

“Let’s go for a walk.”He suggested going for a walk.

“ Let’s invite Nisha and her parents for supper.”Mum suggested inviting Nisha and her parents