directing organization

8/10/2019 Directing organization

1/19

Directing

&Leadership

Dr. Aarushi

Jain


2/19

Directing:

* Third managerial function

* direct personnel and activities toaccomplish the organizational goalsusing good communication and

leadership skills. Leadership: interpersonal process of

influencing the activities of anindividual or a group toward goal

attainment in a given situation-Primary purposefor studying

leadershipis to learn how to work with

people, individually, groups, teams,or anization...etc.


3/19

- Some people use the term leadership

as alternative for management, but the

two terms donthave the same

meaning

Major problems conflicts and

challenges facing professionals in

their work are people problems

- Leader need to have skills,

knowledge, energy and action


4/19

Leader: group member influences and

directs other members toward

individual or group achievement. Management: coordination of

resources through planning,

organizing, directing, and controlling toaccomplish specific institutional goals

and objectives.

Manager: concerned with schedulingand coordinating resources and tasks.


5/19

Differences between leaders

and managers:


6/19

MangersLeaders

* have official authority and

responsibility, but may or may not

have the power to establish goals

* Using power and authority to

influence thoughts & actions of

other people

Management: consists of planning,

organizing, directing and controlling

available financial material and

human resources

Leadership: consists of directing,

pointing, supervising and

coordinating the efforts of

individuals.

Manager: implement policy, plans,

and directives by motivating

themselves and others to obtain

money, materials to meet both

agency and workers need.

Leaderuse the processes of life to

facilitate the movement of persons

toward goal attainment .

Managersare official with a job

description designated

responsibility, and a chain of

command.

They create and maintain an

efficient environment.

A leaderhas some charisma that

makes others want to follow.

Leaders create excitement at work.


7/19

Supervision

- directly concerned with leader/subordinateinteraction.

- It is possible for either a manager orsupervisor to also be a leader.

- some managers are not good leaders andnot all leaders are managers at all.

- supervisors may be with no managementskills.

- Managementrefers to certain task-oriented

activitiesin a job.- Superv is ionrefers to certainpeople-

oriented activitiesin a job.

- Leadership is formal when practiced by the

designated nurse in the unit.


8/19

Leadersh ip sty les

Sets of behaviors:leader usesinterpersonal behaviors to influence the

accomplishment of goals

Range form very authoritarian to verypermissive & change according to the

situation

An effective style is one that best

complements the organizationalenvironment, the tasks to be accomplished,

and the personal characteristics. of the

people involved .


9/19

Leadership styles.. Cont..

** 1) Authoritarian Style ( Directive, autocratic)

- Makes decisions alone : lack of groupsupport

- Concerned with the task more than

employees- May listen to suggestions, but not

necessarily be influenced by them

- Doesn't encourage cooperationamong staff members

- Use coercive power.


10/19

- Firm Personality, self-assured,

dominating, keep the center for attention,

self-centered

- View workers as naturally lazy, lacking

ambition, disliking responsibility, and

preferring to be led.

- lack confidence in workers and vice

versa.

* Autocrat ic leadership is sui table in

cr ises:- Leader is the only one who has the

essential information, or skills

- Facilitate rapid decision making and


11/19


* 2) Democratic( Partic ipative ):

It enhances employee job

satisfaction

Helps them learn from their

mistakes.

It does not suit all situations.

Focusing on human relations, team

work and building effective groups.

Workers feel that they are important

contributors.


12/19

Open Communication

Great feeling of satisfaction for group

members leading to self worth . Primary goal of the leader is to direct

the group onto the right direction

Makes people behave as adults Participation increase workers

acceptance


13/19


** 3) Laissez- Faire( Permis s ive and nondirective style).

effectiveness of this style depends on

the groups highly motivated

Provides little or no direction Emphasis is on the group

Criticism is not given

Permissive with little control


14/19

* In Autocratic leadership

-Leader leads more than followers.

- Concern in the task.

* Democratic leadership:

- Concern in both task and followers,* Laissez- faire:

- Followers lead more than leader

- concern in followers.


15/19

Theories of Leadership:

1- Great man theory:

Suggests that few people are bornwith

the necessary characteristicsto be

great.

- effective leaders (great men) use both

instrumental and supportive

leadership behaviors.- Many find this theoryunattractive as it

suggests that leadership cannot be

developed (born)


16/19

Theories of Leadership.. Cont.:

2- Charismatic Theory:

A person may be a leader because

she/he is charismatic.

- Indicate that leaders have an

inspirational quality that helps them in

obtaining emotional commitment from

followers.

- Make others feel better in their

presence.


17/19

Theories of Leadership.. Cont.:

3- Trait Theory:

Indicate that leaders have certain inborntraitsmaking them leaders.

Later theories suggested that traits could

be obtainedthrough learningandexperience

** Some common traits are:

1. Intelligent:more than followers.

2. Initiatively:the ability to start action not

considered by others.

3. Creativity:ability to think of new

solutions or ideas to problems.


18/19

4. Emotional maturity and integrity:

- Do what they say

- Consistent in their actions.- Spread enthusiasm to followers

- overcome obstacles.

- Have self confidence .

5. Communication skills.

6. Persuasiveness to gain the consent of followers

7. Perceptiveness distinguish their allies form their opponents.

8. Participation in social activities.


19/19

CONCLUSION

No one of the organizational theories

considered to be ideal, and there is no

one best leadership style.

** The most effective leader is the one

who can create motivated andproductive environment.

the end)

directing organization

Documents