directions for section 1 — australian geography, civics ... · directions for section 1 —...

General Test Instructions

• Reading time: 10 minutes

• Working time: 2 hours

• The supervisor will tell you when to begin the test

• This test has TWO sections

• Attempt ALL questions

• Write using black or blue pen

• Do NOT write in pencil

• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the topof pages 13, 15, 17, 27, 29 and 31

Directions for Section 1 —Australian Geography, Civics andCitizenship

1 Allow about 1 hour to answer this section

2 This section has THREE partsPart A Questions 1–20 (20 marks)Part B Question 21 (5 marks)Part C Questions 22–24 (25 marks)

3 • Complete your answers to Questions 1–20 on theseparate Answer Sheet

• Write your answers to Questions 21–24 in the spacesprovided

2003SCHOOLCERTIFICATETEST

11 NovemberStart 12.50 pm

AUSTRALIANHISTORY,GEOGRAPHY,CIVICS ANDCITIZENSHIP

SECTION 150 marks

S16

2003 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship

– 2 –

BLANK PAGE

2003 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship

– 3 –

Instructions for answering multiple-choicequestions

• Complete your answers in either black or blue pen.

• Multiple choice

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in theresponse oval completely.

Sample: 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answerand fill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be thecorrect answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct anddrawing an arrow as follows.

correct

A B C D

PART A

Complete your answers to Questions 1–20 on the separate Answer Sheet.

Questions 1 and 2 refer to Source A.

Source A

1 During which three-month period does most rain fall in Darwin?

(A) November, December and January

(B) December, January and February

(C) February, March and April

(D) October, November and December

2 What is the temperature range for Darwin?

(A) 5°C

(B) 15°C

(C) 25°C

(D) 30°C

600

500

400

300

200

100

35°

30°

25°

20°

Temperature (°C)Rainfall (mm)

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Climate graph for Darwin

2003 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART A

– 4 –

Reproduced by permission of Brian Parker.

Source B

This map shows the seasons when fires are most likely to occur in areas of Australia.

Question 3 refers to Source A and Source B.

3 Why are fires more common in Darwin in winter and spring?

(A) Low rainfall with temperatures averaging 15°C

(B) Low rainfall with temperatures averaging 30°C

(C) Low rainfall with temperatures averaging 10°C

(D) Low rainfall with temperatures averaging 26°C

Question 4 refers to Source B.

4 What is the latitude and longitude of Darwin?

(A) 12° S and 132° E

(B) 12° N and 132° W

(C) 132° S and 12° E

(D) 132° N and 12° W

Adelaide

Hobart

Sydney

Brisbane

Tennant Creek

Alice Springs

Kalgoorlie

Perth

Geraldton

Port Hedland

Darwin12°

160°152°144°136°128°120°112°104°

20°

28°

36°

44°

Winter and spring

Spring Summer

Summer and autumnSpring and summer

Fire seasons

Fire seasons

Canberra

Melbourne


– 5 –

© Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.

Questions 5–8 refer to Source C.

Source C

Cross-section from point C to point D

C

D

A

B

Ocean

Pin e Creek

Lagoon

20

10

10

10

20

303040

5060 70

2030

40

50

60

Clear

Creek

0 150 300

Metres

N

Key

Swamp

Mangroves

Beach

Road

Rocks

Bridge

Pine forest

Track

04030201

04030201

58

57

56

55

58

57

56

55

Lloyd’s Inlet

0

20

40

60

80

C D

Contour interval : 10 metres

Met

res


– 6 –

5 What is the distance in a direct line from point A to point B?

(A) 11 m

(B) 900 m

(C) 950 m

(D) 1100 m

6 What is the grid reference for the bridge located in the centre of the map?

(A) GR 037578

(B) GR 578037

(C) GR 023562

(D) GR 562023

7 The cross-section from point C to point D has some unlabelled features indicatedby the arrows. Which features would appear if listed from west to east?

(A) Beach, mangroves, road, lagoon

(B) Beach, road, mangroves, lagoon

(C) Lagoon, road, mangroves, beach

(D) Lagoon, mangroves, road, beach

8 In what direction is Clear Creek flowing?

(A) East

(B) West

(C) South-east

(D) North-west


– 7 –

Questions 9 and 10 refer to Source D.

Source D

9 ‘City people need to use less water so farming can be expanded.’

‘A lot of water could be saved if farming methods changed.’

What do these two statements reflect about the issue of freshwater use?

(A) Social justice

(B) Water quality

(C) Different perspectives

(D) Geographical processes

10 Assume that the total freshwater used in NSW households was 5.5 millionmegalitres in 2000 and 5.0 million megalitres in 2002.

What is the difference in the number of megalitres used in laundries between2000 and 2002?

(A) 10 000 megalitres

(B) 30 000 megalitres

(C) 250 000 megalitres

(D) 500 000 megalitres

Freshwater use in NSW

Cities andtowns

Agriculturalsector

Freshwater use in NSW in 2002 Household water use in NSW

Percentage of water used Year2000 2002

Kitchen 12 12

Bathroom 48 44

Laundry 14 16

Outdoors 26 28

Total percentage used 100 100


– 8 –

11 What term best describes an individual Australian’s participation in communityactivities and public affairs?

(A) Citizenship

(B) Decision-making

(C) Heritage

(D) Sustainability

12 The footpath of a local street is unsafe to use. How can individuals influencedecision-making on this matter?

(A) Contact the police

(B) Contact the Prime Minister

(C) Contact the Environment Protection Authority

(D) Contact their Municipal or Shire Council member

13 Which of the following countries are part of the Asia–Pacific region?

(A) Egypt, Sri Lanka and Vietnam

(B) India, Indonesia and Samoa

(C) Cuba, East Timor and New Zealand

(D) Brazil, China and Papua New Guinea


– 9 –

Questions 14 and 15 refer to Source E.

Source E

Population features of Australia and Indonesia July 2000

14 What is Australia’s population as a percentage of Indonesia’s?

(A) 1.7%

(B) 8.5%

(C) 11.7%

(D) 85%

15 What reason could explain the difference in the proportion of 0–14 year olds inAustralia and Indonesia?

(A) Australia has a higher birth rate.

(B) Indonesia has a higher birth rate.

(C) Indonesia has a higher life expectancy at birth.

(D) Australia has a lower life expectancy at birth.

16 How could individual Australian citizens assist the people affected by a naturaldisaster in Indonesia?

(A) Write to the Premier

(B) Sign international treaties

(C) Participate in trading agreements

(D) Donate to non-government organisations

Indonesia

224 784 210

0–14 years 31%15–64 years 65%65+ years 4%

1.63%

22.6 birthsper 1000 population

42.21 deathsper 1000 live births

69.96 years

Australia

19 169 083

0–14 years 21%15–64 years 67%65+ years 12%

1.02%

13.08 birthsper 1000 population

5.04 deathsper 1000 live births

79.75 years

Total population

Age structure

Population growth rate

Birth rate

Infant mortality

Life expectancy at birth


– 10 –

Questions 17 and 18 refer to Source F.

Source F

NOTE: Ethanol is a substance that can be added to petrol

Sydney Morning Herald, 24 December 2002

17 What aspect of geography is shown by the cartoon?

(A) Spatial dimension

(B) Spatial inequality

(C) Ecological dimension

(D) Demographic changes

18 In which way is the man in the cartoon expressing his protest?

(A) Taking individual action

(B) Gathering relevant data

(C) Joining a community-based group

(D) Writing a research action plan


– 11 –

By permission of Cathy Wilcox, SMH.

19 How does World Heritage site listing help Australia maintain its unique physicaland cultural characteristics?

(A) By encouraging tourists to visit listed sites

(B) By providing international funding for listed sites

(C) By conserving the universal value of listed sites

(D) By allowing non-government organisations onto listed sites

20 If you were developing a research action plan to investigate a geographical issue,which step would you undertake first?

(A) Communicate findings

(B) Gather and process data

(C) Evaluate alternative solutions

(D) Demonstrate active and informed citizenship

End of Part A

Go on to Part B


– 12 –© Board of Studies NSW 2003

PART B

Write your answer in the space provided.

Question 21 (5 marks)

The photograph shows an example of contemporary land management.

Using the photograph and your geographic knowledge, outline how traditional landmanagement would differ from contemporary land management.

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End of Part B

Go on to Part C

2003 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART B

CENTRE NUMBER STUDENT NUMBER

– 13 –S17

© Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland.


– 14 –

BLANK PAGE

© Board of Studies NSW 2003

PART C

Write your answers in the spaces provided.


Outline how ONE feature of Australia’s physical environment has contributed toAustralia’s uniqueness.

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Please turn over

Name of feature .....................................................................................................................

2003 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART C


– 15 –S18


For ONE fieldwork task in which you participated, describe how you gathered andthen processed your information.

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Fieldwork task/location ......................................................................................................




In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to:■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively■ support your ideas with relevant examples■ use geographical terms appropriately

Explain Australia’s changing regional and/or global role in relation to one or more ofthe following:

• international treaties;

• human rights;

• role of non-government organisations;

• international aid.

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Question 24 continues on page 18



– 17 –S19

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End of Section 1 – Australian Geography, Civics and Citizenship

Go on to Section 2 – Australian History, Civics and Citizenship



– 19 –

2003SCHOOLCERTIFICATETEST

11 November

AUSTRALIANHISTORY,GEOGRAPHY,CIVICS ANDCITIZENSHIP

SECTION 250 marks

S20

Directions for Section 2 —Australian History, Civics andCitizenship

1 Allow about 1 hour to answer this section

2 This section has THREE partsPart A Questions 25–44 (20 marks)Part B Question 45 (5 marks)Part C Questions 46–48 (25 marks)

3 • Complete your answers to Questions 25–44 on theseparate Answer Sheet

• Write your answers to Questions 45–48 in the spacesprovided

PART A

Complete your answers to Questions 25–44 on the separate Answer Sheet.

Source G

Department of Labour and National Service, Melbourne, 1971

25 According to Source G, what was the main reason for married women returningto work in 1970?

(A) Money for extras(B) To use skills and abilities(C) Money to support self/family(D) To meet and be with other people

26 What is the Australian Constitution?

(A) A state law(B) A parliamentary body(C) An Act of the British Parliament(D) Rules by which the nation is governed

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Money to support self/family

Children’s education expenses

Money for extras

Enjoyment of working

To avoid boredom

To meet and be with other people

To use skills and abilities

Other

Percentage

Reasons for married women returning to work in 1970


– 20 –

Merritt, Allan and O'Brien, Carolyn, 1995, Questions and Issues in Australian History, Thomson Learning Australia, South Melbourne. Further copying, reproduction of any kind will need the permission of Thomson Learning Australia.

27 What is the correct chronological order for these events?

(A) Federation, the introduction of the White Australia Policy, WWII,Vietnam War

(B) The introduction of the White Australia Policy, Federation, Vietnam War,WWII

(C) Vietnam War, WWII, the introduction of the White Australia Policy,Federation

(D) WWII, Vietnam War, Federation, the introduction of the White AustraliaPolicy

Questions 28 and 29 refer to Source H.

Source H

28 Which statement describes Gwen Chaumont’s understanding of women’sexpectations after World War II?

(A) They wanted to keep their independence.

(B) They wanted to return to their home duties.

(C) They wanted to meet and be with other people.

(D) They wanted money to pay for children’s education expenses.

29 According to Gwen Chaumont, how did the attitudes and roles of men andwomen change after World War II?

(A) Men expected women to remain in the workforce.

(B) Men encouraged women to become more independent.

(C) Men’s attitudes had not changed but women’s roles had.

(D) Men’s attitudes had changed but women’s roles had not.

After the war (World War II) the men quite expected their obedient littlewives to drift back into their homes. A lot of us didn’t want to do that anda lot of us didn’t do it. We had gained independence, financialindependence, sexual independence and we liked and thoroughlyenjoyed it and we weren’t going to give it up.

GWEN CHAUMONT, Interview, 1981


– 21 –

McMurphy, Megan, Oliver, Margot & Thornley, Jeni, 1981, For Love or Money, Penguin Books Australia, Melbourne.

30 Equal pay for equal work laws were introduced in Australia in the 1970s.

What did these laws attempt to achieve?

(A) Women would be paid more than men, for the same work.(B) Women would be paid as much as men, for the same work.(C) Men would be paid more than women, for the same work.(D) Both men and women would be paid more, for the same work.

31 What was the main purpose of the Tent Embassy?

(A) It was a demonstration for land rights in Australia.(B) It was a protest for educational equality in Australia.(C) It was a demonstration of the significance of the Australian flag.(D) It was a statement against democracy as a form of government in Australia.

Questions 32 and 33 refer to Source I.

Source I

Attitudes to Asian immigration 1956–65 (%)

Adapted from information collected by the Roy Morgan Research Centre

32 In which year was the Australian population most accepting of Asianimmigration?

(A) 1956(B) 1960(C) 1962(D) 1964

33 Which statement indicates the trend in Australian attitudes towards Asianimmigration between 1956 and 1965?

(A) Australian attitudes to Asian immigration did not change.(B) The majority of Australians were undecided about Asian immigration.(C) Australians increasingly wanted to allow Asian migrants into Australia.(D) Australians increasingly wanted to keep Asian migrants out of Australia.

1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965

51 55 45 34 33 32 30 34 22 16

42 36 44 55 59 57 64 58 78 77

7 9 11 11 8 11 6 8 – 7

Keep Asians out

Allow Asians in

Undecided


– 22 –

Merritt, Allan and O'Brien, Carolyn, 1995, Questions and Issues in Australian History, Thomson Learning Australia, South Melbourne. Roy Morgan Research Centre was the information provider. Further copying, reproduction of any kind will need the permission of Thomson Learning Australia.

34 Women achieved voting rights in federal elections after 1902. Why did womenachieve these rights?

(A) Women were becoming more educated.

(B) Britain had given women the right to vote.

(C) There were more women in Australia than men.

(D) To bring the federal government into line with some states.

35 How did Federation affect Australia’s links with England?

(A) Australia became a colony of England.

(B) Australia remained in the British Empire.

(C) Australia withdrew from the British Empire.

(D) Australia moved closer to the United States of America.

36 Which of the following statements describes why Australia was considered a‘working man’s paradise’ by 1914?

(A) Only men were able to work, not women and children.

(B) Australians were better workers than those in other countries.

(C) All people were happy with the working conditions in Australia.

(D) Working conditions in Australia were considered to be better than overseas.

37 What was the intention of the Protection Policy for Aboriginal peoples up to 1914?

(A) To help Aboriginal peoples obtain the vote

(B) To supervise all matters affecting Aboriginal peoples

(C) To encourage the traditional lifestyle of Aboriginal peoples

(D) To support Aboriginal peoples in managing their own affairs


– 23 –

Questions 38–40 refer to Sources J and K.

Source J

Source K

If the Australian colonies had to rely at any time solely on their ownresources . . . their position would be one of great danger. Thedefence forces should at once be placed on a proper footing, but thisis, however, quite impossible without a federation of the forces ofthe different colonies.

Adapted from the report of MAJOR GENERAL J.B. EDWARDS, 1889New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Published in Votes and Proceedings, 1889

To the editor, The Argus

Sir,

I write to protest against your Custom House regulations.

I and my wife were passengers on the express from Adelaide lastThursday and on arrival in Melbourne on Friday we were subjectedto the insult of having our boxes etc. searched . . .

What is the use of talking about federation when I cannot travelfrom South Australia to New South Wales without having myluggage searched?

Yours

Indignant

Adapted from a letter to The Argus newspaper,2 February 1887


– 24 –

Mason, James, 2002, Experience of Nationhood, 4th edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney.

Mason, James, 2002, Experience of Nationhood, 4th edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney.

38 Who is the intended audience of the letter in Source J?

(A) The Custom House

(B) The readers of The Argus newspaper

(C) The editor of The Argus newspaper

(D) The Australian Government

39 Why might a historian use Source K as evidence?

(A) It shows a particular perspective.

(B) It is an example of government policy.

(C) It is a biased account of parliamentary proceedings.

(D) J.B. Edwards was a well-known historian.

40 What can be concluded from Sources J and K as some of the reasons forFederation?

(A) Customs and defence

(B) Defence and nationalism

(C) Nationalism and railways

(D) Railways and customs

41 Which of the following government policies resulted in the setting up ofAboriginal reserves in the early 1900s?

(A) Assimilation

(B) Integration

(C) Paternalism

(D) Protectionism

42 One of the features of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (White AustraliaPolicy) was the dictation test. How did the dictation test affect patterns ofmigration?

(A) It stopped poor people migrating to Australia.

(B) It allowed only English speakers to migrate to Australia.

(C) It stopped non-white people migrating to Australia.

(D) It allowed only educated non-white people to migrate to Australia.


– 25 –

Questions 43 and 44 refer to Source L.

Source L

43 What was Lizzie Baker’s attitude towards rock and roll in 1957?

(A) Rock and roll had improved morals.

(B) Rock and roll was a threat to the community.

(C) Rock and roll attracted only a small minority.

(D) Rock and roll was liked by modern classical musicians.

44 Why would Lizzie Baker’s recollections be useful to a historian studying theinfluence of American popular culture on Australian society?

(A) She was born in 1957.

(B) She is an expert in popular culture.

(C) She is a primary source of evidence.

(D) She was opposed to rock and roll.

End of Part A

Go on to Part B

The morals of the modern generation, with the exception of a smallminority, have nearly reached an all time low, and ‘rock and roll’ hasdone nothing to improve them.

Strongly opposed by most leading musicians, both modern andclassical, ‘rock and roll’ represents a serious threat to the community.

Recollections of Lizzie Baker, 1957



Howitt, Bernie, 1992, My Generation, Longman Cheshire Pty Ltd, Melbourne (internet reproduction limited to teachersand students; otherwise permission must be sought from Pearson Education Australia).

PART B

Write your answer in the space provided.


Using the photograph and your own knowledge, outline the impact on Australians ofAustralia’s involvement in the Vietnam War.

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End of Part B

Go on to Part C

Bill White,conscientiousobjector, is arrestedby police in 1972.



– 27 –S21

Fairfaxphotos.

PART C

Write your answers in the spaces provided.


Outline ONE way in which Australia’s relations with Asia have changed sinceWorld War II.

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– 29 –S22


Describe the importance of ONE of the following events in Australia’s history.

• 1901 Federation• 1916–1917 conscription debate• 1975 constitutional crisis• 1999 republican debate

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In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to:■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively■ support your ideas with relevant evidence■ use historical terms appropriately

Explain one or more changes that have taken place in the rights and freedoms of ONEof the following groups since 1901.

WomenAboriginal and Torres Strait IslandersMigrants

In your answer, identify:

• the change(s);• the cause of the change(s);• the effect of the change(s).

NOTE: You do not need to cover the whole time period in your answer.

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Question 48 continues on page 32

Name of group ......................................................................................................................



– 31 –S23

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End of test



directions for section 1 — australian geography, civics ... · directions for section 1 —...

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