director of the census

ANNUAL REPORT FFP" q $a33

OF THE

DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS

TO THE

SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

FOR THE

FISCAL YEAR ENDED J U N E 30, 1913

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913

1913

R E P O R T OR TIIE

DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

DEPARTAZENI OF COMI\IERCE, BUREAU OF TIIE CENSUS,

Washiny/ton, November $6, 1913. Sm: T h e r e is submitted hercvith the following report upon the

operat ions of t h e Bureau of the Census cluriizg the fiscal year endecl S u n e 30, 1913, and upon the work now in progress. 'As I did not t a k e the o a t h of office luiztil July 1, 1913, the work of this Burean d u r i n g tlie e n t i r e fiscal year 1913 was uncler the clzarge of my prede- cessor, D i r e c t o r E. Dana Durand.

A very considerable part of the Bureau's force was engaged during t h e , fiscal year upon the clefeisrccl ~vorlc of the Thirteentlz Decennial Cens~zs, but the usual aiznnal investigations regarding financial sta- t is t ics of c i t i e s , prod~~ct ion and cons~unption of cotton, vital statis- t ics , nncl f o r e s t mere carried on, and in addition ~vor17 I was d o n e on the tobacco inquiyy (n~xthorized by acl; of Congress approvecl A p r . 30, 1012) and the qu~nquennial census of electrical industries.

PROGRESS OF DEFERRED THIRTEENTH CENSUS WORK.

POPULATION.

The D i v i s i o n of Population was engaged during the fiscal year e n d e d J u n e 30, 1913, wholly on work m connection with the Thir- teent l i Censrrs. This work coizzprised, first, the preparation and, in l a r g e part, the coi1113letion of the text and tables for the general and S t a t e rclsorts on population (Vols. I, 11, and I11 of tlze Thirteenth Census r e p o r t s ) , and second, the practical completion of the machine tabulation and other work l~recediiig the actual preparation of the t a b l e s for the occ~~pa t ion report (Vol. IV).

Publications issued.-The State bulletins giving the composition and charncteris t ics of the had been issued at the close of .T'LI~~, 1912, for Alabama and Indiana and were issued for thc re- ma in ing States of continental United States by the end o l June, 1913.

These State bulletins, together wit11 the series giving for each S t a t e the p o p u l a t i o n by minor civil divisions, were bound up together t o form V o l u m e s I1 and I11 of the Thirteenth Census reports. Vol- u m e 11, c o v e r i n g in alphabetical order tlze States from Alabama to Montana, inc lus ive , was released for printing m May, 1913, and

3

i558 4

1913 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF T H E CENSUS.

issuecl in Aug-t~st, 1913. Vol~ulie 111, covering tile States fro111 Ne- Lraslra to Wyoming, together with Alasktl, I-Iawnii, nncl Po r to Rico, was in process of verifict~tioli a t the close of June, 1913, but was not released for printing until the following ilugust, aizd was ~ s s ~ ~ e c l in Septcniber.

The following-named Abstract bulletins-that is, bulletins re- printed froill the Abstract-were also issued cluring the fiscal year:

Stale of Birth of Nati~re Population. Age and Marital Condition. Country of Origin and Date of Immigration. Color or Race, Nativity, Parentage, and Sex. School Attendance and Illiteracy.

The following branches of work mere deferred i n IWxuary , 1012, after the ~liscontinuance of the temporary ThirLcenth Coilsus force, in order that the general and Stale reports on popnlation might be co~nplcted as soon as possible : Occupations ; o~vnership of homes ; Indian population ; foreign. stoclr ; and b i r l l~ l~ lnce of mother, for vital-statistics purposes. Tlze occupation ~vorlr nncl tlie I abulation of ownership of homes are the only brallches of tlie deferred morIc which have since been resnniod ( in September, 1012, and Apri l , 1913, resl~ectively), altho~lgh ? bulletin, Statistics of the Indian Popula- tion, basecl on the inaterlal already prepared for tlze first section of the Inclian report, mas compiled and issuecl oil J u n e 26, 1'313.

The prepnration of the tables and text for t he general report oil population, covering a total of 1 G chaplers, was not actively begun until December, 1912, and tlle first copy, covering three clinl~ters, was sent to tlie printer in March, 1913; but by the close of J ~ m c , 1013, copy was in the llancls of the printer for 12 chapters, a n ~ l Tola 10 OF them proofs, in whole or in part, had beell receive~l.

The worlr of preparing the tables for t l ~ e general ancl S ta te rclsorts, ns originally outlined, lnclucled the colnputatioil ( in tlnplicnte) of very nearly 500,000 percentages, but in the revision of thc lt~blcs this number was recl~~ced to a little more than 400,000. These l ~ e ~ c c n t - ages mere largely computecl on slicle-rule machines, :1n n\Tcl-:ige o f five machines being in operation cluring the fiscal year. At the close of June, 1912, the percentage work for the general tables hail been completecl for 21 States and partially coi~lpletecl for 10 otllor States, I t was substantially completecl foY all the general ancl tex t tables for the Abstract in December, 1912, ancl for the gclieral ancl State reports in J~znc, 1913.

The tables ancl text for the entire 1 G chapters a re now (No~r. 26, 1913) in proof. Thc material for 15 chapters is substantially rencly to be released for printing, and it is expected thnt the materiul for lhe remaining onc will be ready early in December. This v i l l conl- plete the publication of the Tllirteentll Census reports on populxtion.

OCCUPATIOSS.

The ~ v o ~ l r on occupations was beg~lil i n RiIa-jr, 1011, but was SLTS- penclecl in the following January, owin to the large reduction in the temporary force. I t mas resumed on r. 4 eptember 4, 1012, when tern- porary clerlrs were again eiliployecl. T h e revision ancl correction work with respect to this subject llacl been completecl at the close of June, 1913, for 13 States, but the necessity of providing for tho ~0111-

1913 REPORT OF T E E DIRECTOR O F THE CENSUS.

559,

pletion of tlle ge~leral report 011 po~u la t io~ l and the requireme~lts of the o c c ~ ~ p ~ ~ t i o n work in other clirections made it impossible t o give much attention to the results of the occupation cou~lt in these States up to t h a t time, but this work mas actively talcen in hand in Septem-

3 ber, 1013, and i t is expected to complete ancl pnblisl~ thc report on occnlmtions by the end of tlze present calenclar year.

INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION.

The tabnlt~tion of statistics of the instit~~tional population-that is, insane, feeble-mincled, paupers, and prisoners and juvenile clelin- clucnls-was snspendecl early in the calendar year 1912 because of the great 1.ednclion ~ilade necessary in the tempornry force of the B ~ u ~ r a u , and was not resunzecl nntil Septenlber 4 of that year, ~vllen the telnporarjr clerlcs, reappointecl under authority of tlzc appropriation act for 1913, becaine available. During the remainder of the fiscal year this ~vorlr mas carried on, and by June 30, 1013, the statistics of insane and feeble-ininclecl in institutions had been tabu- lntetl a n d those for paupers in alinshonses htqcl bee11 partly tilbulated, whiIe n par t of the preliminary work (editing aizc7, card p~znclzing) hxcl bcen clonc on the scheilules for prisoners ancl juvenile dclia- q11cnts.~

BLIND AND l)lh4+IB.

In the regular 1>0l~l~laLion censlls the en~uilerators were instr~lctecl to nzake a return for all persons ~vlio were either blincl or deaf ancl rlnmb. Special sclled~rles for obtaining infor~nation relative to these classes mere then mailed to thc appropriate names ancl addresses gi~roil air the regular population sclzeclnles. Most of these special sclictl~~les ~vhich have bccn returner1 were in possession. of the Bureau before t h e beginning of tlze fiscal year 1912-13. During that ycar, lionrcve13, awing lo the presstlre of other work, very little was clone on this incllliry beyond examilzillg nijcl filing sucl~ scl~ecl~xles as continued to come in , ancl prel~aring lists of the blincl or deaf ancl dnmb for the use of iiistitutions for tl~cse classes.

BENI.:TOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

T)~uring the fiscal ycnr the 121-incipal tabnlatio~ls relative to bei~evo- laril i n s t l t~~ t ions were completecl, and consic1er:tble wo~.lc wns done 011 the prcpnration of c1erival;ive or test tables."

MANUFACTURES.

Xtntc 7)zrZZetills (TroZ. I,I', Thif*tecntlb Censzcs reports) .-State bulletins g iv ing the prlncipnl statistics of manufactures were issued for all Slates except Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvnnia prior to J L I ~ ~ 1; 1012. T h e bulletins for these three States vere printed dnrlilg the fiscal year, ancl the entire series was assemblecl. and bo~ulcl togctller i n one volume, constituting Volumc IX of the Tlzlrteenth Census rcpollts.

Ge?zeq~ccZ report o n naanz!factl~res (T7oZ. V I I I , Thirteenth Censzu rcpo?+ts) .-Practically all of thc copy for this volume was sent to the - --- ----

a F o r prrsent stntlla nnd plans for futnre morlc on th ls snbjoct, fice P. 13. "'or present status and plans for fnture vork on this sub~rct , sco P. 14.

560 6

1943 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F THE UENSUS.

printer before the close of the fiscal gear ; i t was printed and distributed during September, 1913. This report assembles the statistics for each industry, gives a cletniled description of the scope of cnch classi- fication, and analyzes tlie statistics of manufactures for nll ind~zstrie~, The data for each industry are summarized by States. Separate cllap- ters are presented discussing manufactures in cities, localization of manufactnring industries, character of o~vnersl~ip, size of eslablisl~. ments, expenses, persons einployecl in manufactnring inclustries, power used, nncl fuel consumed.

Bulbt im on selectecl industries (70 l. X, l'l~irteenth Cemus yeports).-Copy for some of the separate bulletins on the principsll industries was sent the printer during the fiscal year, and a large number of these bulletins were printecl and clistribntccl. I n adrlition to the general statistics concerning capitnl, employees. wages, and expenses most of these bulletins contain detailecl statistics in regard to the quantity ancl cost of the principal materials nsecl and tllo quantity ancl value of the different classes of products, and in some cases in regard to the equipment employecl. These bnlletins will ba assembled and printed as Volume X of Ibe final reports. This volume will be read? for distribution before the close of the calendar year.

MTNES AND QUARRIES.

A bulletin giviny the statistics for the niiniag and quarrying inclnstries for the United States ancl for each State, and also giving separate totals for each mining industry, was printed cluring the fiscal year. The bulletin giving detailecl statistics for the procluclion of anthracite ancl bit~zminous coal was also printecl and distributed. Copy for the bulletin on iron mines was sent to tbe printer before the close of t11e fiscal year, and the bulletin as issued in tlle follolv- ing September.fi

AGRICULTURE.

Abstract 6z~Zletins.-A series of Abstract bulletins was issuecl, ench l~ertaining to a given branch 01 agriculture ancl inchzcling dalu lor the United States as n whole ancl l o r clivisions ancl States. S O M ~ of these were pnblished prior to Jn ly 1,. 1912; others werc issucd during the last fiscal year. All were later lncluded as chapters in the Abstract of the Thirteenth Census.

State 6~clleti1zs-Agriczilture.-A prelinlinary sel<es of Stnte bu1- letins was iss~~ecl prior to July 1, 1912. h second scrics of Slate bulletins, giving the complete statistics for encli State nncl for each of the ozxtlying pos~cssions-Alnslra, IJnxvaii, ancl Porto Rico-was issued betnreen July 1, 1912, ancl Jlme 30, 1913. The last of the bulletins issued for continental United States were tlloso for Tesas and West Virginia, vhich appearecl in February. The bulletin for IIa~vaii was issued in March ancl that f o r Porto Eico in April, these being the last of the series.

I?*rigation 6uZZeli?~s.--Only one series of bulletins pertaining to irrigation was issuecl. These bulletins were for the various Westelm and Southern States where irrigation i s practised to a considerable

--- --- @ Bor present stntus a~lcl plans for future morlr on this ~ o b j e c t , see 1). I?.

- - REPORT O F THE DIREOTOR O F T H E CENSUS. 7

extent. Some of the bulletins of this series were issued prior to July 1,1912, and the remamder during tho last fiscal year.

Thirteenth Ce?zsus reports, VoZtcmes VI and VII.-The series of Statc bulletins pertaining to agriculture and irrigation were also assembled, arranged, consolidated, and bound during tile last fiscal year, appearing as Volumes V I and VII of tlie Thirteentl~ Census reports.

Thirteenth Census reports, Volume 8.-The slgrlcultural statistics obtnined at the Thirteenth Censns are contained in Vol~mes V, VI, and V I I of the Tl~irteenth Census reports. T1ie prel~arxtion of Volume V, referred to as " General re ort ancl analysis," was nnder- tsllren and completed during the last k' scal year, all the cop having been sent to the printer by June 30, 1913. On account of t g e inch- sion of a very comprel~ensive series of maps and charts, ancl by reasoil of the necessity for thorough verification of data, the volume clicl not come from the press nntil November 21. This completes the Thirteenth Census reports on agriculture.

ABSTRtlOT Olv TJIE TI-IIRTEENTH CENSUS.

The Abstract of tlie Thirteenth Census was p ~ b l i ~ l ~ ~ d in December, 1912. This volume presents the principal statistics gathered at the census of 1910, covering the subjects of population (with the exception of occupation data), agriculture, manufact~ures, and mining. It contains a condensed b ~ ~ t comprehensive text analysis of t l ~ e data; many diagrams ancl maps; and many tables which include, for comparison, t h e statistics of prior censuses ancl give innumerable averages ancl percentages without which i t would be difficult or impossible to grasp t h e significance of tlie clata presentecl. I t also includes a supldeinenl giving complete ancl detailed statistics for some one State.

'J'he abstracts of former censuses containecl no State snpplement, no test, n o clingrains or maps, and very few averages, percentages, or compnrative stalistics. Any person possessing a copy of the Abstract of the Thirteenth Census mill fincl in it the inain rcsnlts of that census for tlie United Stafcs, for the inclivicl~ual States, ancl for all principal cities. I-Ie will have, furthermore, the statistics for the counties ancl minor civil divisions of the State of which he is a resiclent-- assuming that he has sclectecl the edition for tlzat State. He will fincl in it, for the county in ~vllicl~ he lives, and of course lor any oLher county in llie State, SLICI~ facts as the popnlntion at each census from 1870 to 1910, inclusive; the n~umber of whites, ncg!oes, foreign-born Tvhites, native whites of native parentage, and natlve whites of foreign or mixed parentage; a cl?ssification of the foreign white element accorcling to country of origln; the number of males of voting age classifiecl by color ailcl nativity ; the number ancl percentage of illiter- ates; the number and percentage. of chilclren attending school; and the nnmber of dwellings ancl families. 1% w111 also find the number

r, of farms, classified according to size; the farm acreage and the value of farln property, clistingmshing lancl, buildings, lillpIelnents and macllinery, and dolnestic animals; the number and value of cattle, horses, swine, sheep, ancl other domestic anlmals li-elst on farms; the number of fnrins operatecl by owners, by tenants, and by mall%%ers,

f5Ga 8

1913 REPORT OB THE DIRECTOR OB T H E CENSUS.

respectively; tile inortgage debt of farms; the acreage ancl rnlue of the principal farm crops ; the quantity and value of the. principal classes of live-stoclr proclucts~ etc. For each of the principal cities in the Statc the suppleinent presents populatioil cletails siini,lar to those eiven for counties, and also statistics for mnnufncturmg mclus- tries giving nuinbcr of wage enmers, horsel?owes, expencliturcs for wages, cost of inntcrials, value of prorlucts, etc.

The Abstract as prepared ~v i th tlie itlea of i~inlring it possible to supply, in one roltin~e, coinplete and cletailed infor~nation regarcling all States arlcl principal cities of the United States. Tl-~cref'ore this ~oluinc fm.nishes t~ll the census i~lfornlation wllich ninety-lrine persons in a hundred desire to have, ancl tlius to a great cstent takes tile place of the large sohunes issnecl at previous censuses. With the belief that this mas, for the general puhlic, the iliost impc~rt:~iit volume to bc issued in connectioil wit11 the Thirteenth Census, it was given precedence and the right of way over the main reports, and conseclnently, instead of being one of the last ~rolmiies t o appear, as has been the cnsc at niosi censuses, i t was the first.

WORK OF THE PERMANENT CENSUS BUREAU.

il?zvzzcaZ 12cport, 1909.-The annual report on iliortaliiy stt~iistics for 1909 was l~ublisliecl in September, 1012. The clelay i n the 1)ubli- ration of tliis rc ~ o r t was clnc cl~iefiy to two causes-(1) interference of tho Thirteent 1 1 Censns work jvith the nnri~ual work of the Bureau; ~ n c l (2) the revision of the mortality rates for the 10 years of the intercensal period on the basis of the ]?opnl,ztion statistics available froin the census of 1010. Tlie report for 1909 is 111ore tlian tt nlere annual report, ancl constitutes R lseriilnnent volu~ne for reference concerning rates for each of tlie years 1000-1900.

AmuaZ Report, 1,910.-Work on the annual report for 1010 was also clelayecl by the Thirteenth Census worlr. This report was published in October, 1913.

An?tunZ 1?cpovt, 1911.-The coinpi1:ltion of the annnnl rcpollt for 1911 mas nncler may on July I , 1012, nut1 was carriecl on tlnring tlle fiscal year. I1 will be l~ublishecl in Deceml~cl*, 1013, ns mill the annual report for 1912. Bulletin 112, Mortality Statistics, 1011, containing some of the illore iin~)ortnilt c1:lta and text, \vitll s ta~~cl:~r~lized n~ id specific cleat11 rates, wns is~nerl in May, 1013.

Reyist~clfion n~ca.-The estcnsion of the registraiion area is ,z very in~portant part of the vital-statistirs work of tho C!ensns BII~CXU, ancl i t is very gratifying to be able to stnte that satisfactory ~:LJTTS, based on the model bill recoinineridecl by the Censns Bureau, or laws ~vliicli, with sligllt revision, shoulcl give poocl results, havc been acloptecl in ilrlmnsas, North Carolina, aricl Tennessee during the year just closecl nncl are soon to go into effect.

Tlie nzoclel registration lam reconimencled by the Burenn of tll? Census was acloptecl and put into practical opcration in Mississippi and Virginia in 1912, and is giving excellent results, ali,liougl~ the difficulties of registration are very p e a t , especit~lly i n &Iississippi, in which State thc law has beell in force for less than a yexr. Tl?e results in Virginia, althougll registratio11 is eviclelltly clefective m

1913 REPORT OF !t?HE DrREuToR OF T n E CENSUS. 563 9

certain parts of tlie State, mere on the whole sufficiently good to warrant the atllnission of that State to the registration area for deatlis in the year 1913.

New Yorlr, one of the registration States, has also recently adoptecl the model law as a substitute For the legislation forlnerly in force. Louisiana is preparing to enforcc the registration of vital statistics under regnlations aclopted by the State Board of Health, based on tlie model law. Earnest e8oi-ts have been niacle cluring tlie past year in Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, and other States t o secure adecluate, legisl a t' 1011.

The progress of this lno~renieilt is on the ~vllole, satisfactory, nltl~ougl~ i t is unfortunately true tliat tile enforcement of registration laws does not aclvance as 1-i~13idly as their enact1ncnt.a

STA'IITSTICS QP CITIES.

il?znunl Repol-ts, 1909, 1910,1011, and 1918.-Tlie fielcl and most of the ofrice ~vorlr on the reports on general statistics of cities ancl on financial statistics of cities lor 1909 and on the report on financial statistics of cities for 1910 liacl been Iiizishecl lsclore Jane 30, 1912. Owing to the pressure of the Thirteenill Ccllsus worlr, lionreve~; and to the probability that the Burea~l's aplsropriations for printing would be insufficient to permit tlie prolnpt p~~blication of these reports w i t l i o~~ t delaying those of the Thirteenth Censns, the final xvorlr on them mas suspended for a time. Tn orcler ~ i o l lo delay the Thir- teenth Censns wolllr, tlie fielcl work For the report on financial statistics of cities for 1911, wliicli ~voulcl ordinarily hare been beg~ul early in 1912, was postponed until Septeniber o l that year, This work was completed in April, 1913, and cluring the same montlth t l ~ e fielcl work vns beg~ul on the 1912 report.

The oflice \vorlr on tlie reports on financial statislics of cities for 1909 and 1910 was colnpleted early in the fiscal year 1813, ancl these two reports vere issuecl c l~~r ing tliat yebr, tlze former in February a l ~ d the latter in April. A t tlze close of the fiscal year tlie office was engaged in conipleting the tabulntion ancl preparing the text for thc, 1911 report. The 1.eviscd page proof for this report mas returnecl to tlie printer For plnting about Nove~ilbcr 1.

The fielcl work for tlie 1912 report liacl been colnpletecl for 42 cities by J ~ m e 30, 1913, and was making co~nmencl~ble progress elsewhere, considering tlie siilallness of the force available for this vork."

The report on general slatistics of cities for 1009 was in page proof on J ~ ~ i i e 30, 1913, and was issuecl soon thereafter. I t liad been the custo~n of the Bureau up to 1909 to issue this report biennially. By reason, however, of tlie necessity for concentral~ng tlie force of the office so far as possible on Thirteenth Census work, no data for a report on general statistics of cities mere collectecl for 1911.

ELEOTRIOAL INDUSTRIES.

The preliminary \vorl< Gn tliis inquiry vns begmi in tlie latter part of the calelidar year 1912. Thefield ~vorlc was started in the spring of

lpor present status of vital-statistics worlc soc PP. 14 and 17. b For thc:prescnt slatus of the morlc on ~i~ii~ncial Statistics of Cities, see p. 14.

1031&13-2

1913 10 "" REPORT OF T H E DIRF&TOR OF T H E OENSUS.

1913, and was firlishecl in the folloming October. Tlle esainination the returns is now (Nov. 26) i n progress, ancl the tabulation has been begun. It is espectecl that the preliiniilary reporl mill be rcacly for publication some time in B e b r ~ ~ a r y , 1914, and that the final report will be ready for the printer early in the follo~ving spring.

3IEGI-IANICAL LABORATORY.

Operations in the nlecliaiiical laboratory during the past year corn- prisecl the coinpletion of seven a~itoinatic ancl four semiautomatic tabulating nincliines t o such an extent that they m:~y be used up011 worli requiring not niore Mian 33 per cent ol! their total capacity in counters; inaintenaiice and repairs of inacliines of the old type, for nse on vital-statistics morlr; inaintenance of sorting inacllines engaged npon tlie sort for statistics of occnpnlions, represeiiting tile lianclling of 15G,000,000 cards; inaintenance of Ilie Bnrean of Immi- gration tabulating eqnipnlent ; ~ n c l repairs to adding and compnti1lg macliines :lnd nlachines in general.

The remaining counters and parts ncccssnry t o a full equipment for the above-mentionec tabulating inacliines were GO per cent coinl~lcte at the end of tlze fiscal year. Construction of tllree of thc original nuinber of iiii~chines'of the scmiaulo~natic type mas about 30 per cent rnnmnlot~ - ---- r----

The results attained by tlze aid of devices ancl accessories originated arid placed upon a practical n7orkiiig basis by Ihe ~nccht~nical la!or:~- tory during the past t~vo years st:uid as ocrllar proofs o%l- consistent progress. Thc increase in speed ancl eGciencjr of tlie Lnb111:~tiiig 1 ~ 7 0 1 ' 1 1

of the Uurean, together with tlie acldcd econoniy 1.cs111ting from the work of the nlechanical laboralory, entitles th i s brancli 01 the Rnreau's work to tlle fullest consideration.

The worlc of preparing estiinates of the present popnlation of the United States, of tlie various States ancl counties, tlilcl 01 cities of 8,000 or lnore population in 1910 was carried on as usu:ll. These estin~ates are used in tlle annual rcpo~.ts on inortality statistics and on statistics of cities, and are furnisliecl to lienltll officers alicl other State, connty, and niunicipal ofkicials. Estinlates of the population of a specified list of townslips, cities, and villages as ol! Noven~bei, 24, 1913, have been made for tlie State Liquor Licensing 13oarcl of Ohio, in accordance with the provisions of the licluor liceiising law of that State.

Tlle ~ re l~a rn t i on of estilnates of popnlntion of cities inrrolves consirlerable corresponclence ~ ~ ~ i t h city officials each year i n order to ascertain the changes in nrca which liave been niade d ~ ~ r i n g the yew. These estiliiates are basecl upon the popalntion a t tlie last census, the rate of growth clnring tlic period between tlie last two CeiisIIses, and the cllariges in area, if any, mliicll have been nlacle.

FOREST PRODUCTS.

The annrlal collection of statistics of forest products was -

F t ~ r cliscs~~ssi(~ll of the origin and yr,:smt stntus of this inquiry, ~ c c g . 14.

1913 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF T E E CENSUS. 11

COTTON STtiTISTICS. 1 ?

111 July, 1912, Congress passed n i l act l?rovicling that statistics of the consumption, stoclrs, exports, and ilnlsorts of cotton ancl of the llu~liber of cotton-cons~~ming spinclles shoulcl be collectecl by the Bureau of the Cenws monthly, instead of quarterly, as had been the practice, and inaking certain ininor changes in the method of publish-

'

ing the statistics of cotton production. The purpose of this legislation was to furnish producers with inforlnation concerning clemancl as frequently as coasumers are fmaislied wit11 statistics concerning snpplv. The first report lnacle under the autl~ority of this act was issuecl in Augnst, 1912.

Tlzere were publishecl chlring the year the usual reports, 10 i n number, showing the ainounts of cotton ginnecl to specifiecl dates dilring; tlic ginning season.

I n January, 1913, there v a s iss~recl a micl-season report shoving the a i n o ~ n t of cottoi1seecl crushed and linters obtained during the ginning season up to Deceinber 31. Theretofore such clata hacl been ~tlblishecl annually at the end of the cotton ~ c a s o n . ~

TOBACCO S1'IITIS'ITCS.

I n April, 1912, Congress gassecl an act providiilg for the collection, 3s of April 1 a n ~ l October 1 of each year, of statistics reg~rcling the stoclrs of leaf tobacco held by manufacturers xncl dealers. The first report under this act mas inacle oil Noveiilber 27, 1912, a id was receiver1 with iilucl~ interest by tllose engaged in the tobacco trncle. The secoilcl report, relating to April 1, 1913, was made on May 2(1 of that year. Tlle thircl report, relating to October 1, 1913, was issned on Noveiiiber 13 of the present gear."

INOILEASE 01' WORIi IIIPOSED BY RECENT 1,EGISL-iTION.

The two acts of Congress just referreel to have materially increased the worlc of the Census Bnrean. The appropriations for carrying on this aclclitio~lal worlr 1z:~ve becn n1nch less Lhnn were requested, blxt the Bureau has enclcavorecl to irialce the best use possible of the funcls proviclecl.

WORK FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1914.

I11 view of the delay in the lsublication of the resnlts of the Thir- teenth Census, the Director, early in the fiscal year 1014, appointed a coinmitiec collsistirig of the Chief StatisLician for Manufactl~res, the Cliief Clerk, ancl the Esper t Sloecial Agent in charge of the Divi- sion of S p i c ~ i l t u r e , to investigatc the work in all the divisions of the Burcnu and to make rc.co1~~1ne11clati011s mhicli ~vonlcl lead grad- ually to a complete reorganization. This corninittee accuinulatecl a large cluantitj~ of material ancl macle a number of recoinmei1dations which resultecl in great iinproveinel1t in certain branches of the Bui.eau's work.

It has also bren the eal=llest desire of the Director to bring the vorlr up to date, and to this encl he clcemecl i t clesirable to have the as- sistance ancl advice of persons who were outsicle of the Census Bnreau - - ___ --

a For p~~cscnt slntus a1111 glnns f o r futa7.c. v o r k on this sublcrt, R e p I) . 1:. Ipor g r e s ~ n t status nnd p l i~ns for futnrc wol-lr nu his '+ubjcct, R c r 11. 16.

;566 1913 1 2 REPOET OF TIIE DIRECTOR OF THFJ CENSUS.

but mlio were familiar with its worli. R e acco;l.clingly selectec-l f o r this purpose Hon. S. N. D. Nortli and I-Ton. IT. a. Mer'riain, Eorlner Directors of tlie Census; ProC. Walter 3'. Willcox, of Cornell Un i - versity, who had been a chief statisticinn in tlie Bureau dur ing t l ~ c census of 1000, ancl ~vho for the greater part of the time since has been co~~iiected in some capacity mith the work of the office; Mr. W. S. Rossiter, ml~o had been a chief of division and later Chief Clcrlr of the Bureau; and Hon. Daniel C. Roper, First Assistant Pos t~nns t e r General, who hacl been an expert special agent aiicl chief of ilivision in the Cerlsns Bureau. Tllese gentlemen, with the exception of Mr. Roper, w r e given appointments aa exper-l special agents. A f t c r cx- a~nining the material and recoinlneliclatic~ns niacle by the coininittec of tlic reg~ilnr ernployecs of the office, they co~~cludecl a11 indepcnclenl; investig.cation of conclitioils in the Burea~z, conferring mith tho chief statistici:rns and other officir~ls in charge of the different branches of the work. They fo~zncl that, while the larger proportion o f t h e lvork of tlie Thirteenth Ceilsus llacl beell finisliccl ancl pnblishecl, nevertheless n considerable quantity of statistical inl'orn~ation col- lcctecl at tliat ceiislis still rc~inainc~l to be tab~~latc?cl ancl published, The nlost scrious clelny was in the work on statistics of occupntions. This, ho~vcvcr, as nlreacly stated, had been cleferred, along ~ ~ r i t l l certain other bmnclies of the work, in order to permit the publication of the balance of the reports at the earliest possible clnte. T h e worlr on soiilc of tlze annual reports of the Bureau-in particl~lar, F i i l a ~ c i n l Statistics of Cities, 1912, aiicl Mortality Statistics, 1911 ailcl 1012- was also far in arrears.

The esperl special agents aclvisecl tlis Director tliat no nclclitional tslbulations or analvses slioulcl be ~uiclcrtslcen in coniiectioii wit11 t h o unfinished branch& of the Thirteenth Census work, and that t h o v~ork on those branclies ancl on the delayed ar~ilunl reports could xncl slioulcl be cnrtailecl so as to insure their publication ilot later t11a.n December 31, 1913.

The rcconlinenc1:tlions of the expert specinl agents were as fo l lows : 1. Thnt tlle proposed secolld machine run of the cards for tlie purpose of!

tabulutiiig occupations be abandone(1, thus esgeclitiilg the time of ~ ~ r o c l u c t i o n by about s is months ancl recluciug the cost of firlishing that br~uic1i by n l ~ o l l t $65,000; :lnd that the tt~bles yieldecl by the first run of tlie cards be p1.intecl without derivative tnbles or test. These tables give the niimber of 11erson8 of each sex in each occulxttion, and classify them by race, nixtivity, ailcl p n r e n t nativity, :ind five age periorls, thus illsuleiiig the ]~ni)lict\tioa of the ln ' i i l~ t l~-y clnssificatioil of occu~)ational clnt:t as rel~ortwl a t previous censilses.

2. That the report upon iiative tongues bc liii~itcd to the chn])ter to a p l l e a r in tlie forlhcouing final roli~irie on l~opnl~~tiou.

3. 'Ch:~t the tiibles relntiilg to niines anil quarries ilow in the forill o f l~ r i i l t ec l bulletins, l~roofs, or manuscript be sent to the Public Pisinter a t once, t h e snme to collslitule the final re11ort on il~ines and quarries, nnd that no further t a b u l n - tioil or test he ~rel?l~red in cc~nncction nrlth thnt rcl~ort.

4. That tables for the bellevolelit institutions, nnil for the institutio11:~l 11opn- lation-ntlniely, prisouers, insane arid feeble-mincled, and paupers-be prapare(1 and published without further l~ercentnge or other derivative tttbles :~nd w i t h o ~ ~ t alialytical test.

5. That the annual conlpilation of Lhe statistics of forest ~roclucts bc :thnil- doneil. There appears to be no nuthoriay of lam for :in rnlllual iilcluiry of this chnr:icler, whicll the records show to hare cost from $20,000 to $40,000 :L year .

6. Tbnt tlie annual rel3ort on finailcia1 statistics of cilies for 1012 be completed :ulid ~ublished by January 1, 1014, by curtailiiig the alllouilt of d e t ~ l i l lo be incluclcd; that the schetlules ailcl rel?ort for 1913 be siiliilarly CIIL'~:IIIB(I: thnt the reports for the yeilrs 1912 alld 1913 be printed without text, escel3t such

1913 REPORT OF THE DIREUTOR OF THE CENSUS. 13

R s is necessilry for esl)ln11:ltioll and definition, and thnt until the annual reports Qn the fiil:ii~~(ii~l st:~tistics of cities nre b~onghl 111) to dsttc no atlemyt be mncle 1:o l)rel>nre a report on general municipnl statistics. This recollllnelldation is b a s e d on thc fact that delay in tbe coiiil)ilntion and l?ublication of the aruiunl hlul i ic i~: l l reports tlelracts seriously from their vaIue.

7. T1i:iC reports oil mortality statistics for the years 1911 n~lcl 1912 be pub- l i s l ~ e c l hefare the close of the ~)l 'ese~lt calendar year. To iualre this possible, the test of these reports shoulcl be redncecl to a miniinum or omitted, the tables Condensed, ancl no effort l~lnde to ljublish a report on births until the uiortality Vel~orls nre 13ubliahed. .

8. Th:~t ~ ~ o r l r upon the stirnAardiantion of denth r:ttes, life tables, and occupn- ei'iounl morh~lity be susl~eiided until thc above reports have been published. "Xllcre is no reason why tile mortality reporl for each yexr should not be corn- x~i lei l and publisher1 prior to the close of the succeeding caleiidar yenr.

9. That the eiliergency preseiitecl by the delt~y in completing the Thirteenth C e i ~ s u s justifies thc 1)irector in recluesting the Secretary of Colnllierce to lay t h e iilntter before tlie President, with the view of securiiig his instructioi~s to t h e I'ul~lic .Priilter io give precellence so far as practicable to the renlniniug ~tubIic;~t ious of the Thirteellth Ceilsus and the annual rel~orts long overdue.

I n accordance with recoinmenclation 1, the rcport on occupations will be based upon the results of the first inachine co~ult of the cards. I t is expected tllat all tlze copy will be in the hands of the printer before the close of the calenclar year.

Recomn~eacln tion 2 is being carriccl out.

I n accordance with recoinmenclation *3, no further tabulation or text is being prepared in connectioil wlth the report on mines and quarries. The work on tlzis branch of the Thirteenth Census worIr was very nlucll in arrears, and i t becan~e evident that in order to print the report within any reasonable time i t mould be necessary to ,

bandon on sonze of the bulletins ailcl monographs mlzicl~ had been con- tein~lated. The copy for the final rcport, whicl~ will be Volume XI of the reports of the Tliirteentli Census, is now in the hands of the printer, and the proof is being conipared as rapidly as possible.

INSTITUTTONAL POPULATION.

I n order to carry out recoininenclation 4, the work on the census of illstit~~tionnl population mas restricted to the publication of the general tables, witl~out percentages and without interlsretative ;text. After the expert special agents had mnde their recommendations, lzowever, it was found necessary to mnlrc a further very material .:urtailmeizt 0 6 the worlr on the census of prispners and juvenile de- linquents, in orcler to limit it t o tnbnlations wh~ch coz~ld be conlpleted before January 1, 1014. The worlr nuthorizecl now includes only tlze completion of the tables giving tlle number present 111 each pnson, jail, or reformatory on Jauunry 1, 1010, classified by sex, color, and nativity, aitd by on'ense and sentence, together with the number corn- initted ancl clisclzargecl during tlze year, classified only by sex, color, ancl nativity.

!56$jI 4 91 3 14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF TLTE CENSUS.

The rellort 011 bene~rolent institutions will be publistled by tlie close of the year in accordance wit11 the original 11la11, without any subsLantial curtailment.

J"O1tEST 1'ROl)UCTS.

I n arcordance with recomiilenil~~tiol~ 5, no further corlil~ilatioii of statistics of forest proclucts will be undertt~lren i n the absence of legislation authorizing it.

Thc first collection of annual statistics concerning the productioll of lumber, lath, shingles, cooperage stoclc, ancl other forest products was inacle for tlie year 1906, in compliance with authority coiitt~inecl in a letter clatecl September IS, 1906, froin the ilssistant Secretary of Comiizerce and Labor to tlie Director of the Census. il letter clated Septeniber 26, 1907, froni the Secretary of Coiilnierce and Labor authorized the Director to collect these statistics for the year 1907, There appears to liave been no further a~zthorizatioii for tlie annual collection 01 such statistics. The worlr, however, has been continued annually and reports liave been iss~zed for every year u to and including 1911. Tlie report for 1912 is now being prepare $ . It is evident froin the ~or~eslsondence ancl records that it was not the original intention to establish. a permanent annual investigation of this character. All other inquiries undertaken by the Bureau of tile Cens~rs are based upon acts or resolutions of Congress, ancl in tlie absence of such sl~ecific legislation ~v i th reference to forest ~?roducts tlie Direc- tor ancl tlie expert special agents coiicl~zcled tliat the Bureau mus not justifiecl in continuing this ailnual investigation. The Director, :ic- cordingly, ordered that i t be discoiitiiiuecl after the issut~iice of the report for 1912.

A nmiiber of luinber manufacturers and associations of inannfac- turers liave protested against the discontinuallce of these annual reports. I n reply tlie Director has stated that there was no direct provision of law authorizing an aiinnal expenditure of from $20,000 to $40,000 to collect the statistics ancl that witllont such authority he did not feel justified in continuing this ~vorlc, but tliat he wolnld Bo perfectly willing to renew i t if authorized to do so by appropriate legisl a t' 1011.

8'1'ilTIS'TICS OJWITlIilE?.

I n compliaiice ~vi th recoinmencl~i~ion 6, tlie 1912 financial statistics of cities will be corriplcted and pulslisliecl by January 1, 1914. In order to insure tlie publication of these statistics by the close of tlie calendar year the tabulation has been arranged so as to malre a bulletin of about 70 pages? whereas the report fo r 1911 contained 400 pages. The other lsrovlsions of this recoininenclation are also being carried out.

BIORTALITY STATISTICS.

I n accordaiice with recoinmendation 7, the reports on morttility statistics for 1911 and 1912 have bcezi s~zfficiently curtailed to ~nalce possible their p~~blicatioa before tlie close of the calendar year, nricl the bulletin for 1912 has been abancloned. This practically clears thc

1913 569 RBPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F T E E CENSUS. 15

way so that the annual report for 1913 mill be fully up to date. Tlie B u r e a u ant ici i~ntcs no diffic~~lty iu issuing this report by about November 1, 1914.

3 Xecommenclation 8 is being carriecl out. r"

ARRllhTGI?AIBNTS FOIL PRINTIN(: TIIIRTEEN'PH <:ENSUS BEI'OIWS.

111 corlllslix~lce with recom~l~enclation 9 amangements have bee11 111ac1e with the Pub l i c Printer whereby the printing of the yeports of the Tliii.tcentl-~ Census will be espec~ited so f:ur as possible withol~t rlndne interference with the wor1~ 04 other Gorern~nent pnblications.

A nl~mber of subjects pertaining to agriculture were co~lsiJereJ f roni tinle to t i l ne as proper for future ailalysis and special reports. A f t e r the Th i r t een t l~ Census reports, as such, hacl been conlpleted, i t was +ernecI w i se t o unclertako the preparation of two bulletms,. each covering a special s ~ ~ b j e c t which hacl been considelsecl only briefly, or not referred to at all, in the general reports. Sucli a bnlletin, per- t a in ing to '' Plantat ion syste~ils of coliclnctiilg agriculture in the Southern States," is nc~w in course of preparation. il c l ~ ~ p t e r on this subject Tvas included in Volmne V of the Tliilteenth Census re- por ts , previously refel-rcd to. The otlier special bulletin, vhicll sliows character of teiinre ancl size of fai.111 operateel, classified by age of farmer, 1s also i n course of pleparation. This lattcr buIIetin contains a. section relat ing to t11e stability of the agricultural opulation, s l ~ o w i l ~ g , POL' ~ v l l i t e nntl colo~.ecl fnmers sel)arntely, by c ? laractter of tenure, the 1engtl-r of the average periocl of occnl~ancy of farms.

COTTON STATTSTICS.

Dnriizg the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1913, there will be issued 10 reports sho-cving the quantity of cotton ginnecl up to specified da t e s cluring the ginning seasoil ; twe lveone for each inontli-showing the qnantitj7 of cotton cons~ui~lecl, stoclcs of cotion on hand, ancl xlumbcr of act ive spindles; three giving staiisti~q of cottonseed

P crusliccl and l i n t e r s obtained; one sulniyrizing the statistics for the

'

p~'oclucljon of cotton as reported by the ginners; and one suinmnrizing f l lo statistics f o r Ille consuinption of cotton, stocBs on hanil, nntl spinrlles. These 2'7 reports will constitute a complete statistical presentation of Ihe procluction ancl consumption of cotton 111 tlle IJnited S ta t e s cluring t h e year.

The Unrenu has niade arrang.en~eats for the marc. frcqnent pub1ir:u- t i o n of county statistics of cotton ginned. I t harl been tlle practice t o publish co~xniy figures only for Decelnbcr 13 of each ye:lr altd at the encl of tllc season, the State totals alone being gjven at other tlmes. The re was, however, a g ~ e a t de~nnncl for mforliiatioll as to the quan-

\ tity of cotton ginnecl in the jniliviclnal counties to the date of cacll ginning r q o r i , and the Census Bureau, accordm~~gl~~, gave the local special agents permission to p~~blislish this informati011 111 the county nelvi la 3ers just as soon as their reports co~~lcl be received at tlie office m $a;dnsbmbon and the ili~ta verified. The local papers illr011gl~ollt tho Southern States have been greatly pleased by.tllis action, and

5170 19% 3 16 REPORT OF THH DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

lnany of tllern liave written tlie Bureau expressing their apprcciatioii of it.

Bequests have been inade of ginners for suggestioas in regard to im~roving tlie lnetlzod of collecting and p ~ ~ b l i s l ~ i n g statistics of tlie quantity of cotton ginned, ancl almost invariably tlie replies have indicntecl completc satisfaction with tlie way in ~vhich the worlc is now being done.

The Bureau of the Census has also awaiigecl for an additional report on cottoi~seecl anel linters, which will sllnw the qnaatity of seecl cl*ushecl ancl linters obtainecl fro111 the crop prior to December 1 of each Seal*. I-Iei~etofore there have been only two reports issnecl anin~ally on this important subject, ciie showing the qnnntily ol' seed crushed prior to January 1, ancl the other, 13~~l)lishcd at the end of the cl~nshing season, showing statistics oS the total quantity treated; ancl to January, 1913, only one sncli report, issnccl a t the end of the cotton season, had been inacle annually.

Before decicling to inalce an aclclitioiial rcport on illis subject tile Bureau coinnlunicatecI by letter wit11 all of tlie cottonsced-oil mills througllout the entire country. The replies indicntecl a great diver- sity of opinion in regzrcl to the date to ~vhicll tho relsort shoulcl relate. Soine of the lnills even contended that tlie collection of lkese statistics as not desirable, and recorninendecl that, the ~vorlc be ahaii- doncd, A vast majority of thcin, however, were of tlie opinion that the figures should be pnblishecl nt Inore frequent intervals, anrl some went so f:ir as to reco~ninencl that they be collcctccl ancl pnblislied monthly during the active season.

From tllese lettcrs ancl other reco~nmenclatioiis ~vhicll have been receivecl, the Bureau is satisfiecl that the publication of olIicial stntis- tics concerning the quantity of cottonseecl cruslled and linters obtainecl tends to reduce speculation in these com~nodities nncl to mnlre for greater stability in price. The decision to pnblisli another report s h o ~ ~ ~ i n g the cpantity of seecl crnshecl and linters obtained from each crop prior to Deccniber 1 mas basccl upoil tlze recommendations of ilie majority of the mills.

TOBACCO STATISTICS.

The Bureau of tlie Census has been able to inalre more satisEaclorg cooperative arrangements wit11 tlie Internal-Revenue Service in connection with the collection of statistics of stocks of leaf tobacco for the report issued Novembcr 13, 1913 to October I ) , thtln i t was able to m:~Be for either of the two prececliag ones, so thnt i t is now possible for the Bureau to secure, by corresponcleilco with ~ollectors of internal revenue, the r ~ a ~ r ~ e s ancl addresses of the estab- lishlnents covered by tlie lam, togetller with all the infor~nation i t requires in regnrd to clelinquent establishmelits and establishments ~vllose mail has been retunled by the post ofices as ~ndelive~ecl . The collectors have I-espondecl very proinptly to the Bureau's requests for information of this character.

This arrangelnent obviates the necessity of sending special agents into the fielcl to secure tlie inforiliation, thus materially educing tlie cost of the morlc and enabling the Bureau to complete the CikliVtlSS for the reports sho~~ling the quahty 01 tobacco on hancl October 1, 1013, at a much1 earlier clnte tlixn was possible in the case of prior reports. The fielcl worlc inciclent to the collection of the statistics was virtually

1913 REPORT OF THE DIBECTOR OB THE CENSUS. i 7

eo~l~pletecl 011 Novcmber 4 tincl, as already stated, tlley were lnade p ~ ~ b l i c November 13. The corresponding dates for the report of Apri l 1 were May 22 alicl &lay 26, respectively.

Under thc law tobarco r1calel.s and manufacturers n1-e nllo~vecl. 10 -? clays after the first day of April and the first da of October of each year in which to lnniio their reports. Tlic law &rther l)rovicles that the Director of the Ccllsus shall lnalie a domnnd i n WI-iting of all persons wlio have failed to Surnislz tlic statistics wilhin this time, and that snch persons sliall be given an aclclilional 20 days. It, therefore, requires from 30 to 40 clays to collect the reports of the quantity of tobacco on hand, so that i t is virtually impossible to publish tlie statistics at a much ealalier clate thall illat :lt \vhich they were puMishecl for the report of Oclober 1, 1913.

131PROl'E3IENT I N BZETIIODS O F REPORTING VITAL ST,ITISTICS.

I n conllectioll ~v i th the extension of tlle registration are:L for vital statistics, i t is desirable to illcrease the accuracy of the infor~nation received. I t is :dso important tliat the inetlzods of reporting and the preselit:~tioil of the data in the registration States be standardized. With these objects in view? a second edition of the Phpsicinns' Pocket Reference to the InLernat~oiial List of Causes of Death has recently been prepared :\lid is now in course of distribution to all physicians in Lhe Unitecl Statcs, accolriparliecl by n special circular letter signed by the Director, niicl by aclditioilal multigraph letters to t11e physicians in certain Slates. A reprint of the Manual of the Interna- tional List of Causes of Dentli, prepared for the use of registration oEces in the coliipilatioll of State and city reports, has also been p~~blis l ied since thc close of thc fiscal year 1913.

OFFICIAL REGISTER O F TZIE UNITED gTATES.

IVorlc on the Oficial Register of the Unitecl States is progressing rapidly. The llecessary inlorination has been obtaillecl fronl the several clepartmellts alicl oflices, as providecl by lam, and its coinpilation is now well toward completion.

Tllc Census Bureau encounterccl increiasi~l difficulty in the preparation of Volume I1 (relating to tlie Postal 8 ervice) of each succeecl- ing issne of the Oficial Register. This volulne in 1911 contained 774 pages, aild the cost of printing alolle was $12,600. It was necessary to obt,ain the names of the employees in tlie Postal Service by corresponderice with each postlnaster in the United Statcs. The n ~ m - bcr of such elnployecs 011 June 30, 1918, was 200,605. Tho task of preparing this volull~e .cvxs of snch magnit~icle that a period of at least six lnonths usaallv elal~secl betwee11 the date to which i t related and tlic date of its pn61icaiion.

I n view of these facts i t was believed by the oflicials of the Census B~1rc:~n and of the Post Office Depaljlnent that the praclical value of this vo;luine was not s~~ficiellt, to justif7 the lapor ancl expense. in- volved in its preparation ; ancl in coinphslilce with re~ornmenclnlions made by those otEcials, tl,e following provision mas incorporated in the ~ ~ r ~ e n t deficiency act for 1914, approved October 22,1013: u

1Iere;lfter the OtTicial ltegister of the Uuitecl Stntes shall not co~ltafn the ilaiiles of those persons heretofore ~ublished in TTolunle I1 relating to the postal service, namely, postnlastcrs, assistal~t postmnsters, clerlrs in post offices, city

1913 18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F TTIB CXSNSUS.

I :al(l I'UP:I~ citrricss, eiir~)loyees of the se:~-l)ost sel*vicr, clul)loyt1cr~ of 1111~ Iluilwtls* [ hiail Selqrice, ell]l)loyees of the lllilil lllefiselljiel' SCI'VICP, illl(1 11l:lll (10111 1'11Ci01'8 ; f

llor shall i t contitin t l ~ e s1:1tcnellt of ~llomiulcer 111:1t1rk to ( ' o ~ ~ t r i ~ c ~ l o ~ ' ~ lo r C ~ l l ' l ' p , illg the urrilx or the list of. ships nuti resscllfi I~eli)~lgillg to L l l~ 1Trlil(vl Sli~tes, as hcreiofore ~~ublishecl ill tllc s21id OWciill licgistor ; :lll(l :ill ACLS or ])i~rln (IT Acts incollsisteill with the foregoi~~g l~rovisioll ttro h c r c l ~ ~ ~*('l)(':llc(l.

p f This legislation will gyeatly tllc J I ~ ~ P : W : I ~ ioll 0 L! ill(? oficial

Register alld ~vi l l very materiaII;y cIecllease the e s p e ~ ~ s c of tllc worlr, i rhe Director of tlie Census has cnllecl attention to ilia Pael, :I lrently j

pointed out by his preclecessor, illat tho OiEcinl ltegistcr in its ]~resciit form is unnecessarily cnmbersoi.lle nllcl cxpensi~rc. 'l'llt! volrullc ns a o ~ v published cui~t:mrs an aiphixbetienl list or rlircclorg of :dl Gmw- 1 ernnlent employees except tllosc in tho 1'osi:~l Scrviclo, ille 1l:llllC of each employee being Pol1o~vec.l. by data showing the tlel):lrll~ic~~ll rllld 1,ureau or office in wlzicll emplogrecl; t b c oflicinl t i t lc ; C O H I ~ ~ O I I S ~ L ~ ~ O I I ; State or countyy of birth; congise~sional dislric[, collll[;)~, tt11(7 $1!110 froill which aplsoilitecl ; ancl of e m p l o ~ r ~ l ~ m t . rl'llc: i ~ l f o ~ ~ ~ l i ; ~ [ l o ~ l is presentecl in so abbreviatecl a forni t ha t in lleavlg all cnscs j l oc-

I r:upies but a single line fol101vir.g the nanie of ille person i c r erboln 1 it relates. Preceding the clirectory are lists, nrrs~ngeci b;y tlapr~ut.~nonts i and offices, showing the principal oflicials in e :~c )~ , ~vltllout clci'ic!nl i or other minor employees. This for111 is very coni > t~c t ~ ~ l d l)elblllil,5 I Lhe presentation of the data in the sinallcst: possil) e s l) :~re. ,~ Nelw- theless, the directory volu~lle of the Oficial Ecgisla~~ I'or 191 1 1 ~ 0 1 1 -

i iained 878 q ~ ~ a r t o pages.

The isreparation of the Register is becoming nioi*ct ttll(1 111018ct dim- ? !

cult with the growth aiicl increasing comp1cxit;yr of i he C;ovor.~ilnc?lit service; ancl the task of furnishing the ~equiret l i ~ l o ~ ~ l n a t i o r l is I~oroin- [ ing nlore ancl niore onerous for tlie esccutivo tlep:r~.-tnlcnis :ultl ollic~cs, especially in the cases of those departineilts ~vliiall Ilavc scrvi(1rs iu the ontlyinw l~ossessions of the United States and i n Soreign comli;z-ica,

I It is, therePore, very difficult to eonipile nncl issue ilia Ilcgis:isler beloru the assenibling of the regular session of Congress i n 11c:cclnl)cr; tili(1

I I

during tlie period betwecn July 1 m ~ d the following T~oaolnLer inany 1 changes-of which i t is iinpracticable t o lnalre :my rc!aorcl in tho i

Register--are bound to occur. i In view of tliese conclitions the ncloptioli oS- the follo\ving ldti ! ,

which modifies slightly the one propusor1 by tile fornicr I)i18cc6t or3, IS 1 1

reco~l~mcnclecl : 1. The establishment of a card direclory, pl'el~nrrtl nntl mainlnillc!d $

by the Civil Service Co~ninission from information lnrnisl~c.il by t h o executive clel?artments ailcl independent oBces, sllo.wi~lg tl;11(: ~lnlllct n11d status of every person i n the Government servico except ille ojiic~cus and cnlistecl mcn of the arm^., Nayy, Marine Corps, ancl ncvallrr~ Cutter Service. Lists of officers o.t the Army, Nnvy, :~nd M:LL'~LIO Corps are already pnblishecl nnilualljr in the Alum;y Regislcr : ~ n d Navy Register, issued by tlze War and Navy Del>,zrtments, respclc- tively.

2. The elilnination froin the Oficial Register of detailed lists of all employees, ky name.

3. The publication anliually by the Bureau of the Census of all Official Register containing-

(a) A list of all employees of tile Goven~llie~zt (except o&cel1s nud P

enlistecl men in the Army, Navy, Marinc Corps, nncl Revenue Cnttur r

574 19113 20 REPORT O F TI-IE DIRECTOR O F TEIE (3ENSwS.

analysis of the data, at hancl is being macle, with a view to nsce~~taiii- ing just what can be done with printccl reports and other available data bcfore Census employees enLer the iiolcl io ~nalrc the z~ctnal cnn- vass. 7IV11ile tlle investigatioa of wenltli, debt, nlld tas:ltion is an ex- tensive one, i t is not proposccl to enzploy any ~clclitioilal clerks or any considerable nunlloer of speci:~l agcnts to perfolnn~ :my part 01 thc worlr. Aside from tlle use of publishecl reports and other mntcrinl ~vhich is being accumnlatecl, the statistics mlll be collectecl largely by sending clerlrs froin the regular permanent force oP ille Burcan inlo the fielcl. A small i~mnbcr of special agents will be ac.ccss:lry lo s11p- plen~ent the regnlar pcrlnanent force. The Post, Ofice Dcpnivti~zent llsls been requested to cooperate wit11 the Dcpartinent of Conlrncrce by clirecting postnlasters in small ton~ns, lo which i t ~vo111~1 not 110 feas- ible to sencl agents of the Ccnsus Bureau, to Pnrnish crr.f:~in 01 the data neeclecl. All of the rrsults of this inq11il-y will bc t:lbnl:~lcd Ly the regular force in the ofice.

Tlze scope of the forthcon-~ii-~g report on wcaltl~, clebt, and tasalion mill be substantially the sanze as that of thc preceding one, nrllich mas prepared sollie 10 j7ears ago.

USE O P RECORDS FOR GENEALOGICAL PURPOSES AND 'PO I)l'I!IGRi\I INE A(i1CS OF APPLIOANTS FOR PBNSIONS.

Constant use is nlarle of tllc sclzedules of former censuses for genealogical purposes. Of late Ihc records oP tllo censuses of 1860 and 1860 have been proving of immensc value to apl>licnnts for pen- sions who are ~ulable to furnish other satisfactory evidence of tlleir ages; ancl the labor of examining the schedules in order to secure such evidence has beconle so great that it has been fonncl nccosstiry to obtain the detail of a force of 28 clerks froin tlie Pension I3urenn to perform this work.

The Bureau conteniplates the issuance, cnrly in the cnle~lclnr year 1014, of a bulletin giving estiniates of the population of tlle Ul~ited States, of the various States nncl co~~nties , RIIC~ of citi(1s 01 8,000 )opulation or over in 1910, for the years 1011, 1012, 1913, anrl 1914. rvo similar bulletins mere iswecl cli~ring the period between tho k e l f t h and Tl~irteenth Cens~~es.

CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES, 1914.

Under the existing lam a census of rnannfack~res is tn?cen every fifth year. The canvass is nlade in tlie fifth and tenth years of each clecade and relates in each case to the cnlenclnr year prececling the one in whiclz the statistics are collected. The next report will. therefore, cover the year 1914 and the canrrass will be mnde in 1015.

Tlze delay in co~npiling and publishing the statistics for previous consnses of nzanufactures has been clue largely to the fact that tllc 13reliminary morlr: incident to the canvass was not finished i n tilnc t o have the fielcl work began promptly a t the beginning of the year. While the fielcl worlr can not start until January 1, 1915, i t is the purpose of the Bureau to begin a t once to ma l~e the prepamtory arrangements. The preliminary 1v0l.L- mill be done thorougllly and

1983 5 7'5 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 21

everyth ing will be in shape to put a large force of special agents a n d clerlcs in the iielcl promptly with the beginiiing of 1915, so t.llat t h e canvass cnn be pushecl to coml~letion and the results printed nt a muck earlier date than has been possible heretofore.

CENSUS OF AG.RICULTURE, 1915.

T h e Thirteenth Ceilsus act contains the following : T h a t tllere sh:~ll be in tlle jrenr uil~eteeu hundred aild fifteen, and once every

ten y e a r s thereafter, x ccllsus of agriculture alld lire stocir, lyhich shall show tlze ncreuge of fnrlu l:~ild, tlle :lcrcaae of the 11ri1lci~i11 croljs, nlltl the i:~llll>er mid rn l~ io of ilolllrslir >~lliillals on the fi~rilis ai~tl riI1lgc.s of the country. 'Pile scheclnle eml~loyed ill this census shall be prel~arecl by the Director of the Census. Such cellsns shall be taken as of October first, all& sb:lll relate to the c u r r e n t year. The Director of the Ce~isns nlny nppoillt enumerators or s ~ e c i a l agents Tor the I)urPose of this census, in nccorclnnce with the r)rovisioiis of t h e perlunuollt Census Act.

T h i s section nncloubtedly gives the Director of the Ceilsu? all of tlie aecessar;y authority, providing lsroper appropriations a re mnde, f o r t h e taking of the census 01 agriculture in 1015. It is probable t h a t R few sligllt changes in tlle law will be desirable, particularly wi th l1c1erence to scope, the lnethocl of taking the census, zu~cl. the t ime of tlie year nt which i t shall be talcen. But no legislation will be necessary prior to the regular session of Congress beginning in tlze ea r ly part of December, 1914, 1~11~11 cstiiliates for nppropriatlons neeclecl will be snbmitted, as well as requests for such s l ig l~ t clianges in r ega rd to clale of enumeration, scope, and inetllod ns mny seem clesirnble at tllnt, Lime.

OFFICE FORCE.

CIIANGES I N IIDI\I IN~S'~ '~~ATIVE FORCE.

At t h e beginning of the iiscal year n ilun~ber of important changes were ~iiacle in the arlministrativc force of tlie Bureau. During the period between the Twelfth, ancl Tliirteenth Ceiisi~ses the Rurenn hacl its o-nTil Disbursing Oirice and Appointment Division, under tlie SII- pervision of the clisb~ursing clerlr. During the Thirteenth Ccnsus

eviod the worlc oE these two divisions mas, of course, very ~ T I L I C ~ Eezvior, and provision was inacle for n separate appointment clerk to 1;alre charge of the Appoilitliient Division. The administrative force also i~lcluclecl an Assist,nnt Director cluring the T1iiptecnth Census period. ill the close of this period, however, the positions of Assist- a n t Director, appointillent clerlc, and disbursing clerlr ceasecl to exist. A s m l ~ c l i as possible of the work which had been perforlned by the Disbursing ancl Appointment Divisions was transferrecl t o the corresponding clivisions of the Department, the reinaincler of their cluties being placed under the supervision of the Chief Clerk of the - - Bureau.

At the close of the Thirteenth Census period t h e number of chief stat.istic~ans, which hacl been increased to five cluring that period, was aga in reduced to four. Several recluctions mere illade at the same time in tlie salaries of aclininistrative opcinls.

The appropriations for tlie compensat~on of administrative officials f o r t h e fiscal year 1914 were the same as those for 1913.

5\76 22

'8915 REPORT OF TEE DIltECTOR O F THE CENSUS,

During the Thirteeizth Census period the Bureau operateel uncler a l~ullip-suili appropriation: The Thirteenth Census act, however, liniitecl tlie nmnber of clerlcal positions at salaries above $1,200 to 116. Far several ycars prior to that periocl the nuinber of sucli positions hacl been, under the nppropri:\tion acts, only 36. Tlle apl)ro- pri:ition act for the fiscal year 1913 proviclecl for a total of 610 pel- inanent employees, or a slightly snzallcr izuinber thail the Bureau had hael cluriiig the fiscal year 1909 (626), prior to the Thirteenth Census l~erioocl. Sixty-three clerlrs at salaries above $1,200 were authorizecl. Tliis nmnber, while inuch greater than the iiumber of sucli clerks prior to tlie Tliirteentll Censrrs period, was still oiily sl. little more than half as greaL as the carresponcling n~uinbcr (IIG) during that period. I t became necessary, therefore, to cleniote a largo l~roportiol~ of the employees in the higher salary classes, togetlies mill1 soiiio of those in the lo~~ le r ones ; tlie total nulnbel. of denlotions was 185 (this number inclucliiig 2 clemations oP special agents ancl 15 of subc1eric:ll employees). Tlie Census Bureau, vhen o~~portluiiilies for promotion have arisen, has in neailly all cases given preference to tliese cle~izoled employees. Vacancies in the higher-paicl positions occur but slo~vly, however, ancl clnring the fiscal year i t was possible Lo restore, in all, only 55 einployees to their former salaries; aiicl only 9 of the 77 cm- ployees who hncl been demotecl fsonl salaries o f $1,400 or more wcre restored to tlieir former coinpens a t' 1011.

Tlie appropriation act for 1913 provitlecl that the Civil Service Commission, in certifyin$ eligibleq Prolii the esainiiiatioiz registers for appoiiitiiient to positions on tlie ~~ermai ient roll of the Buret~u during the fiscal year 1913, a t salaries of $1,200 or less, slionlcl, so l'nr as pmcticable uncler tlze l r~w ooS apporlior~~neiit, .give preference to tlzose who l~acl hacl at least one year's ex]?criencc in census ~'i~oslr. A statistical-clerk register was estalnlisliecl by the Civil Service Coin- niissioi~ for the special use of tllc Ccnw~s Bureau. Prior to tlie .es- tablislimcnt of this register, appoinlaients to tlie Bnrean's permanent force were inacle principally froin the departinent:~l-clerlr l~ilgister, but later, aftcr tlie statistical-clerk register lltlcl been establishecl, 111osL of tlie pennruient aplsointnients were llznde therefrom. ' f i e niajority of ihe clerlis drawn from these two registers hacl been temporary Tllirteeiitlz Census employees, and wcre .given prcferellcc in certiiicatioi~ under the provision of law j ~ ~ s t incntioiiecl.

The apl~ropriatioii act for 1014 createcl 7 aclclitional positions at $1,400 ancl 5 at $1,200, and reducer1 the nuinber of $900 places by 1, thus incrensiiig by 11 tlie total number of positions on the pcrinniicnt roll of the Burean, and bringing tlie ~ m n ~ b e r of places above $1,200 up to 70, eqml to 13 pcr cent of the total nuinber of clcrical positions, as coiiiparecl wit11 Prouli 21 to 55 per cent in otlicr branclies of tlie cle- pmtaleiilal service.

One of the objects which it was clesirecl to attain by the establish- inelit of a permanent Census Bureau was tlie m:tinteizance of a nucleus for the large force ~vlzicli inust be einployecl during tlie clecennial census periods. h consiclerable part of t,liis n n c l c ~ ~ s must coilsist of einployees tliorougllly trained in census work and qualified to dis- charge responsible supervisory duties. Persons so qualified can cle. inancl larger salaries than the average clerk, ancl if they xre unable to

191 J REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 2 5

obtain theill in the Census Bureau, will seek tl1ellz else~vh~re. F o r .this rensoa the Bure:~u is coilstaiitly losing some of its most vnlu~~:tble emplogrees a11c1 is obligecl to train, at Governineilt expense, others t o i;alce their places. Tlie very fact that the Bureau liiust espand so grea t ly a t each ~lccrniiial censos period col~stit~rtes a strong argumel~t In favor of granting i t a larger, rather than a smaller, proportion of hi&-salntiecl employees thrill is fo~ulcl i1i other branclia of tlle G o v e r n n e n t service. During the fiscal yenr 1913, following t l ~ u ueorgnnizntion of Lli~ f o i ~ e anrl the enforcecl clel~iotioli of so large a prc?]~ortion of the high-salaried en~ploy ees, 51 esperiencecl clelsks s e s ~ g n e d to seek ci~lployliierlt eIse~vhere, where thc pros1)ects for ad- vancelneilt -\yere snperior to those i11 the Census Bureau.

Tq7ith a vicw to reinedgiilg this condition so far as possible ~ ~ i t h o u t nsIcing f o r a matcriul increase in the apl2ropriation for s:~laries, a pro l~osa l f o r reclassilication 117ill bo snblnittecl to Congress. The present alicl the proposed coilstitution of the ofice force of the Bu- reau, exclusive of special agents, are shown in Appcnclix I.

Tlle object of this proposed change is twofolcl: First, to provicle a la rger proport ion of places in the liigl~er-salariecl classes; ancl secolicl, l)y increasing the nuiiiber of salary classes t o malce possible nlore f i*acyl~ent p~~omotions.

As nlrencljr inclicntecl, an unduly large proportion of the Bureau's employees a r c in tllc $1,200 class. The lsrolsosed reclassification, wliile calling. Sor only a sliglit illcrease in the total apprq3riation for sal-

a mries,, provicles for n matesial inc~ease in the nurilber of higher- snlnr~ccl positions. The estiiiintc calls for 12 clerlrs (11; $1,800, ns conll)a~'ecl -wit11 11 xt pscsent; for 12 at $1,680 nncl 15 at $1,660, or 27 at an alrerngc sn1ar;y of about $1,020, as comparccl with 20 at $1,600 in the prosent c.lassification; :untl f o r 18 at $1,440, 23 a t $1,380, rtncl 34 nt $1,320, or n i l nggregtite of 75 a t salaries ranging froill $80 below t t s $40 above $1,1100, :is coii~~arccl wit11 30 a t $1,400 in the present ~1t:lnssiiication. Tho estinlate calls for 569 officials ailcl eluplogees (ex- c l ~ ~ s i v e of spccinl ngelits) tlbove the subclerical grade, as comparecl wit11 560 such officials ancl eniployees in l l ~ e force n s at present cons l i t~~tcc l .

Ii 'nrtl~ormorc, as nlrcndy stated, the proposecl reclassification, if carried illto ofieci, Ivill, by l)rovicling so many nlore snlary classes, make ~ ~ o s s i b l c morc frequent promotions, with a resnltnnt improve- lneiit i n t h e esprit cle corps.

TE3II'OR.iRT FC)IiCE.

The Census Bnrean's :~pprol3ri~~tions for thc fiscal ycnr 1912 \\.ere iilsuiIicierzt to enable it to maiillalil its force of lelliporilry Thirteenth Censns eiliployees tllrongl~out the fiscal year, Immecliaiely upon the passage of the urgelit cleficierlcy nct in December, 1911, steps were talcen to ell-op the tcmpornsy force as rapiclly as possible, and by Febrnary 20, 1012, practically all of these employees hacl been clroppecl from the Bureaii's roll. I n viem of the unfinishecl coliclition o f much of the Tlnir teentl~ Census work, an appropriation of $120,000 for tempo~nrg clerical service was requestccl for tlle fiscal yenr 1913, in order that: t h i s worlc ~l i igl l t be brougl~t to completion as rapiclly as possible. O n

u August 23, 1912, this amount nTas xl'proprintecl by Congress, i t being stip~rlntecl tha t not lo exccecl 176 clerlrs sho~ilcl be eiiiployecl, at salaries

538 1913 24 REPORT OB THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

not to esceecl $900 per annum, that their terms of service shonld ex. pire on June 30, 1913, and that they sho~zld be ap1301ntecl Prom among foriner Thirteenth Ceasns employees. T h e Burcnu appointed tl~ese 175 temporary clerlrs a t $720 per aniium, apportioning tile111 (altlzough not required to do so by the tcrins of the apl>ropriation act) , so far as practicable, among the States on the basis of their ]~opnlation, but, in order to avoicl bringing persons to 11~:~sbington froin n tlistance for :L co~npnrat iv~ly short period of service, proferelice was given to those 1oc:tlly available. It Tvns possible in most clnses to give a State its quota of appointments froin m o n g persolis who, whilc legal resi- dents of that State, were actually living in or near TVashii~gton at tlse time.

Inasn~r~ch as tlse yjpropriation :nct did not becolnc n law until late in Alignst, i t was not posqible to appo i i~ t ally of tllese temporary clerlrs before September 1, and mimy were not appoilzterl until about October 1. Consecluently, the appropriation of $120,000 was con- aiderably more t11nn suiYicieiit to compensate these 175 cniployces until ihe end of the fiscal year. The Bnrear~, therefore, nslrerl for authority to increase the number of temporary clerks ~vitliout an increase in the amomlt of tlie appropriation. This nnihosity was gr:~ntccl by the appropriation act for thc fiscal year 1914, mlzicls v n s approvet1 Marc11 4 , 1913. The tenlporary force was, accorclingly, i11cre:rsccl until it reached a masimum of 266 j11 May ancl June, 1913. On June 30, 1913, all these temporary positions lapsed uilcler tlse terirls of the act clreating them.

DISTRIBTSl'ION O F FORCE.

The distribution of the office :tncl field force of the Burcan of the Census on October 31, 1913, is shown i n Appei~clix 11.

QUARTERS.

The building: in which the Census Burenn is a t presenC llousccl is ~ulsatisfiictary 111 rcspecl to s:lnilnry :yanrl ligliting coi1clitioiis ancl in respect to ilaiiger froin fire. Greater slsace for tlie storage of rccords ililcl equil>ineiit is also liiglsly desirable. A fireproof building, erected with proper reprcl for lighting aricl sanitary c,onditions, nncl having ample storage space, moulcl f:~cilitate the lvorli of tlla 13nrcan :~nd \voulcl greatly incrca5e the comfort nncl veil-bring of ils employees. 111 vie111 of llle vast quantity of valuable records \vhicli lisust be stored, ni:tiiy of ~ ~ l i i c h co~ilcl not be r e ~ s l a c ~ ~ l if rlestl~oyed, ihe ~zecltl of n lire- proof bn i l d i~~g is esl)eci:~lly pronounced; and ~vhi le t he Census Bn- reau rem;tinq in its present qanrters there is grent i~eecl of a large^ fireproof vault for tlse storage of population schedules of past censuses, as tlie capacity of tlie vault now in use i s insrrllicicnt to meet the Bnren~~'s rcqnireinents.

I n this coilnrction the Director of the Cenws, on Septeinber 27, 1913, ~vl'ote the Secretary of Co1nine1-ce as fo l lo~rs :

There :we in nly custody iri the Census builtling n nunlbel- of volumes of the returils of the c ~ n s u s froill 1790 to 3000, which are of great value, ant1 it wonltl be inlpossihle to rel~lrlce the111 if they \vcre destroyerl. The names of the heads of fiunilies returnecl a t the census of 1790 were considerecl of such grent value tllnt thojr mere published, in order thnt tliey ~lligllt be l)lncecl on record ill cliffereilt libraries and render it i l l l ~ o ~ ~ i b ~ e lor all l o be destroyed.

. V I W . ". t" (d 0

REPORT OF THE DIRBOTOR OB THE DENSUS. 2 5

These returns, however, are incomglcte, as me have no returns for the Stale of De1aw:lre for IT00 ; noilc for the Stnte of Georgia for 1790, 1800, and 1810 ; I<enlnclry is missing for 1790 :11icl 1800 ; Nem Jersey fro111 1790 to ancl. including 1820; Tenuessee from 1700 lo and including 1810, and Virgii~ia for 1790 and 3800. A llull~ber of the missing returlis referred to mere destroyed mheli the Ct~pitol wns burued by the British, and the otliers by fires i n the Patent Office.

In adililion to the records of pol~ulution, we have Lhe follo\ving-ii:~med bound volull~es : - -- -

Sul~joct.

Agr~culturo.. ................................................................................ hlorlalily.. .................................................................................. Social statistics. ............................................................................. Inclnstries.. ................................................................................. Defectives ...................................................................................

Total.. ................................................................................

Number of vol~mnies.

644 131 43

197 08

1,053

The totnl nnlnber of voltimes fl-om I790 to 1880 coml~rised 4,622. In 1890, when the schedules mere not bound, we hacl approximately 44,000 bundles of schedules. For 1900, we have 2,812 volumes. The l ~ o p ~ ~ l a t i o n returns for 1910 are in a firegroof van11 arid fill it completely. They have not been bound :ind a re co~istniiilj~ referred to. 'Sfie cel~sus returns from 1790 to :~nd indnding 1900 are contii~u:~lly to for genealogical purposes, and the returns for 1850 and lSGO are const:~iitly being examined to secure clntn showing the ages of pensioners, a s they :we uriablc to obtain any other record evidence of their ages. These .rrolumes, especially, are proving invaluable and could not, of course, be re1)l:lceil if they were destroyeil, nlld as time passes by the census returns mill prove of greater value, as it is the only list, to which individuals call refer in order to eslablisli relationship in their families, often required in settling estates.

In addition to the census returns, we have many dirisioil records, the loss of which mould cause great ciubarrnssnlent and thousands of dollars would have to bc espenclecl lo tltteiiipl to replnce them. Eor instance, the Geographer's Division has the pl:uns of divisioil into enuineration clistricts, iiilo which the coulltry wns cliri(let1 ill 1!)10. These ofIicir11 records,if lost, coulcl 1101 I)e re~laced clnil would iiirolve gre:lt espeuse in the preparntion for the Fourteenth Census. Tliere are in all the dirisions of the Ce~lsus Burentl (Ilvision records that are essential in ]~rep:~ring for nnother census, tuid they would nll be lost if there was a fire which destroyed tbe presenl building occupied by the $!ensus Bnren~f; As :i l)recnution:lry Ine:lsure, I h:l~.e hnd the chief clerk post No sinolring plact~rds Ihroughout tlie hnildiiig nnd 11:tve issued an order positively prohibiting smoliinq in :~ny part of the present building. Wllile orders agnillsl smoking were l3reviously issued by iny preilecessors, I have been informed that no action was t:~l<en to cnforce them in toilet rooms and nlnong the higher officials. I t nrill ])robnl)ly be ilecessary for me to t:tBe drastic actio~l in some case in order to show, by esnmple, that t l l e ~ ~ lnusl be no sinoking in the 1lreSeIll Census building.

The l~ccessity for a fireproof vault to illclose these records has beell conc~led a t e r e r j cnunierntion, ancZ when the Iresent Census bufldiug mns buill a vault mas ~1:~cei l therein, which mns lnrge ellough to hold a11 the returns of population fro111 1790 to 3900, except the sclied~~lcs for 1890. This vault now contains ollly the llllbou~lrl ~ > o l ~ ~ ~ l a t i o n schedules for 1930. The borund volulnes conlniniug tlie returns of the other censuses, e x c e ~ ~ t 1500, have been 1)laced on met:~llic shelves in the ilorthern part of the large enst room. The census scbedulcs Proin 1790 to 1000, except those of 1890, now occupy in the Census Rnre:lu a space 45 by 26 feet, 12 feet high, The pol?nl~ztion retnms for the ccnfins of 1890 require about ns i11ue11 sD:Ice as the returns for the other enu- nieratio~is; that is, if we nttempled to glace the returns in a vault. it wollld <' have to hnvc ap~~rosiliiately 2,340 syuare feet for c:lses a t least 12 feet liigb

T o the foregoing letter the Secretary of Commerck, on October 3, b~ 1013, replied as follo~vs :

Referring to your conlriiunicatioll of the 27th on condi(ions as regards tli!: fire risk to valuable recoi'iis in the building at; present occupied by 77ur Bureau,

.r suv R Q 1 W - 26 EEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE UENSUS,

let me say that 'yom instructions prohibiting smolcing a r e npproved, a s is also your intention to enforce them strictly. ICindly give co~lpideration to ;my other precautions that may further provide safety, such a s absolute clei i l~l i~ess in ant-of-the-way places, scrpervision of the night wntchmen, provision of fire- extinguishing nl~gliances readily accessible, arrr~ngemellls for the pronlpt re- moval of the lllore valnable 11arL of the records in case of fire. In short, take whatever stells your judgment suggests and the nlealls nt your clisposal ~ e r m i t lo prevent loss.

T:~lre a note to bring the matter again lo nly attention the latter part of November that I may bring the subjecl before both IIouses of' Congress in the hope that they may provide funds which will permit our putting these illvulu. able records into a condition of safety. I n the meantime I suggest your sending a copy of gour+letler to me ancl of this, ~ n y reply, to thc Chairmen of the House Cornmlttec on the Ce~lsus and the Seni~Ce Committee on the Ce~~sns , in order tliat they may be fully inrormed.

APPROPRIATIONS, EXPENDITURES, ETC.

I n Appendix I11 is presented a financial statelnent for the permanent; Census Bureau for lhe fiscal year 1913 and for tho Thirteenth Decennial Census Eroin July 1,1909, to June 30,1013.

COllPARATIVE COST Ol? PRINTING FOR TUrELPTIX AND THIRTEENTI3 CICNSUSBS.

It is impossible to innlre an exact colnparison of the printing costs of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Censuses, owing to the radical difference between the methods of printing clnployed a t tlie two censuses. A rough comparison may be made, however.

There was spent for Thirteenth Census printing up to June 30, 1912, out of the lump-sum appropriations available for the expensy of the Thirteenth Census, $303,349.73. I n Xi'ebr~~ary, 1912, an estl- mate of $272,000 to complete the xinting of the results of the Thir- ;teenth Census was submitted to b ongress. This item was included in the legislati-\re, executive, and judlcial appropriation act for the fiscal year 1913, ancl the same act for 1914 reappropriated the unex-

ended balance of this amotlnt, all o r substantially all of which mill i e spent. The total cost of printing the rewlts of the Thirteenth Census will not, therefore, exceed the sum of these two amounts, or $575,349.73. The apl~roximate cost of the Twelfth Census printing, as gi-ren on page 29 of the Annual Report of the Director of the Cen- RLIS for the Piscnl Penr 1908, was $820,000.

Carefill computations have been made for the purpose of verifying this figure, so far as it was possible to do so, and it2 is found to bo substnntinlly correct. There will be, therefore, a decrease of about $245,000, or almost 30 per cent, in the printing cost of the Thirteenth Census as compared with that of the Tmelftli.

I n this connection it may be stated tliat the estimated cost of printing Thirteenth Censns publications was given as $800,000 on page 29 of the Annual Report of the Director of the Census for the Fiscal Year 1908, already rel'erred to.

It ]nay not be Inappropriate here to mention briefly a Iew of the bore salient points of difference between the methods of publisl~ing ancl distributing the results of the two censuses.

At each census the Abstract has been st~blishecl in much larger numbers than any of the other volumes. i n all, 66,000 copies of the

l v l J 7 Jt.3-I. REPORT O F THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 2 7

Abstract of the Twelfth. Census were printecl, 35,000 of which had been printecl up to January 1, 1904, as compared with 58;425 copies of the Abstract of the Thirteenth Census up to January 1,1914. The Abstract of the Thirteenth Census contains about three times as inucli material relative to the United States as a whole as vas contained in the Abstract of the T.\velfth Census.@

, Five thousand copies of each of the large final vol~unes of the reports of the Thirteenth Census have been or will bo printed, as compared with from 5,000 to 25,000 each of the volumes constituling the ,Twelfth Census rel~orts.

Greater care has been talcen at the Thirteenth Census than ever before in respect to the distribution of pctblicatims, an earnest effort having been made lo furnish tl~ein only to such persons and institutions as really desire thcnl.

The mosl.iinportant feature of the Thirteenth Cens~rs series of publications, and one n~hich is not found in those of any previous census, is tlle provision of State supplements to the Abstract contain ing colnplete and cletailecl statistics, 111ore comprehensive in some re. ~pects than those found even in the large volumes constituting the final reports of former censuses. The local statistics of previous censuses could be secured only in the preliininqry bulletins or in the final reports. Comparatively few could obtaln access to the final reports, and even then it was difficult to asseinble a11 the d a t ~ with reference to any one locality from the numerous tables scattered Ihrougl~ the various volumes.

It will be seen, therefore, that, althougl~ smaller editions of the final reports of the Thirteenth Census have been issued than were issued of those of the Twelfth, the substantial results of the last census, in such form as to be readily grasped, have been placed in the hands of a much larger number of persons than received the reports of the Tnrelftll Census, and at the same time at a materially reduced cost for printing. .

FISCAL W A R 1914.

The appropriation for 1914 wns $1,122,820. The itell1 for salaries was increased to $711,240, the item for collectin statistics reduced T to $354,000 (as compared with $38'?,000 in 1913, t l i s amount including $45,000 for collecting statistics of cotton ancl tobacco), and the item for tabulating ~nachines 1.ec1uced to $10,000. No new appro- printion was made for printing ancI binding the resrrlts of the Thirteenth Census, but the ullexpellded bxla~lce of the 1913 appropriation for Thirteenth Census ~ r i n t i n g was reappropriated and rllndc available for 1914.

FISCAL TEA12 1 9 1 5 .

The ainount est.imated for the fiscal year 1915 is $1,709,720. The estimnte for salarics has beell increased to $722,140 (see Appendix I, and cliscussion undel: " Office force-l'ernianent employees"), that for tabulating machines to $15,000, and that for collecting statistics to $925,000. The estimates for the other iteins are the same as the amo~ults appropriated for 1014.

a For description of the Abstract, see p. 7.

r -. - "..I"

2 8 REPORT 017 T E E DIRECTOR 03' TEIE CENSUS.

The increase of $5,000 i n the estimate for tabulating machines is lilacle because of the illcrease of work in the mecl~nnical laboratory lllciclent to the census of mnnnfacL~~res.

The large increase ($671,000) in the estimate for collecting statistics is nccoullteil for mainly by the iten1 of $566,400 for t he quin- quennial celzsus of manufactures, ml~icll will r e h i e t o the calendar pear 1914. The last lsrevious census of manufncturcs, relat ing to the calelldar year 1909, was tnlren at a cosl for field work of $517,044. Tho increase in the estimated cost is due largely to the fact t h a t the census of 1909 was talcen in connection with other field work, so L11lat the cost of each branch mas greatly reduced.

An item of $18,000 is inclucled for transcripts 01 birth records. No corresponding appropriation was made for 1914. Slight illcreases are l z ~ ~ d e in the items for trnnscrilsts of cleat11 records and stat;istics of cities, and slight docreases appear i n the itenis for cotton statistics sul~cl tobacco statistics.

A reduction of $4,400 is made i n the estimate for salaries of expert; special agents to offset an i t an of that amount for salaries of two assistant statisticians (new positions) a t $2,200.

Xcspectf~~lly submitted. WM. J. EIARRIS,

Dil~ector of the Ce~wus. TO g011. 'VVILLIA~~ C. REDFIELD,

8ecretary of Oon~rnerce.

A P P E N D I X E S .

APPENDIX I.

PROPOSED RECLASSIFICATION OF FORCE.

mU3SDNT OPFICB FORCD. I OIWIC~ ~ R C D ACCORD IN^ m ~STIJ I -LTES FOR 1916.

Total -------------------- 7111 240 1 Total -------------------- 722,140

APPENDIX 11.

Di~*ector ---------------------- $0,000 Chief Clerli ------------------- 2,500

4 chief statisticians a t $3,000 ---- 12, 000

Geographer .................... 2 000 Stcnogrnpller ----.------------- 1: 600 8 expert chiefs of division at $2000 ...................... 10,000

11 cierics a1 1,800 ---------.. 19,800 20 clerics a t !1,600111 ---------- 32, 000

30 clcrbs a t $1,400 ------------- 64,600

305 clerlts a t $1,200 ------------ 360,000 83 clerlcs a t $1,000 -,----------- 83,000

80 clerlts a t $900 -------------- 77,400 Subclerical force ---------------- 38,440

STATEMENT SHOWING NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ,OFFICE AND FIELD FORCE, OCTOBER 31,1913.

OFFICIALS.

Cllief Clerli ------------------------------------------------ J~.'ILIAAI L, AUSTIN. Chief statisticians :

Population --------------------------------------------. WILIIIANI C. HUNT. Statistics of cities ------------------------------ Ln (:RAND Pownrcs. Manufact~~res - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WILLIA~I M. Wsu-hn~. Vital slatistics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - Y L, W l ~ ~ u l l .

mxpert special ngent in charge of agricnlture ------------------- JOIIN LBB COU1,Tsn. Expert specinl ngent in charge of revision and results-----------JOSBPX A. 1-IILII. G c o g r a p h c r - - ~ - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - C A l L s S. S L O A N ~ .

Ex])erl- chiefs of division : Population - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . L A 1%. J . i~vrs .

EDwanr, CV. RoCH. Agricultore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A H U 3. HII~SCII.

I - IICIC~~AN T. CFrIr.nncs. Manuinctnrcs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J o s s ~ a D. 1 ~ 3 ~ ~ 1 s .

FILANTC L. SANBORD. Vital statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I C C. LAPPIS. Publication 1 3 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ FI. P I ~ ~ I ~ C E .

Chief mecllnnicinn ------------------------------------------ 11:. 11. I,AROITEAUX.'

Director ---------------------- $0 000 Chief Clerk -------------------- 2' 600 Chief statistician ------------ 3' 2G0 2 statisticians a t $3,000 -------- 6' 000 Slatisticinn ------------------- 2: 760 2 assistant stntisticiails a t $2,200 a- 4 400 Geographer 2' 000 Stenographer ------------------ 1: 500 8 expert chiefs of division nt $2,000 --------------------- 16,000

13 clcrlts n t , 1,800 ------------- 21 GOO 12 clerlrs at '1,080 ------------- 20'160 15 clerks a t 1,560 ------------- 23: 400 18 clerlts a t 1440 ------------- 25 920 23 clerks a t 1 11380 ------------- 31: 740 34 clerlts a t $1,320 ------------ 44 880 54 clerlrs n t $1 260 ------------- 08: 040 140 clerlrs n t i,200 ------------ 178, 800 46 clerks at 140 ------------- 52,440 14 cleplcs a t ff1080 -------...--- 36 720 41 clerks aL . 1:020 ------------- 41: 820 18 clerks n t $9GU -------------- 17,280 85 clerics at $000 --------------- 70 500 Subclerical force ---------------- 38: 440

a The t\vo assistant ~tnt is t ic ians a t $2,200 arc in lieu of t\vo- ofice specinl agents :\t $6 pcr d t ~ y whose compcnsntiol~ would be paid from the approyVinti011 fo r collecting Sta- tistics. A'corresnondinrr reduction has heel1 made in t:ho estimate for this item, so tllnt. while thc increase in the esfiu~ute for snlnries as colnpnred with the aplIropriation £Or 1014 Is $10,000, the nct increase 'in the estimate for compmsntiou of office cmployces, including special agents, is only $6,500. nr\

30 - - - REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OD THE UENSUS.

CLEItICAL FORCE.

SUBCLERICAL FORCE.

Stenographer, $1,500 ---------------- 1 Clerks :

Class 4 ........................ 11 Class 3------------------------ 20 Class 2------------------------ 38 Class 1------------------------ 302

Cleylts : 1,000 ........................ 83

$900-- -----------------------, 81 - Total--------,--,----------- 638

MACIIINI-SI-IOP FORCE.

. Ingineel; $1,000 ------------------- 1 I Blrcf~~ician $1 000 ------------------ 1

Skilled labdrer; : 1,000 ------------------------ 2 aoo-------------------------- 4

I 120-------------------------- 10 t - Unsk lled laborers, $720 ----------- -- 8 Messengers, $840 ------------------ - 3

Mechnnician, $1,200 ---------------- 2 - Total ---------------,--_---- 5

Assistant messen ers, $720 ---------- 4 illcsscnger bo B f480 --------------- 4 Watchmcn ~$2~26 .................... 6 Biremen, $720 ..................... 3 Charwomen, $240 -----------------.: 14 -

Total----------------------- KB

SPBCIBL-AGENT FORCE.

Bxper t~ , agents for general 5eld woNc, etc ------------------------------------ 31

SUMMARY OF CENSUS FORCE.

Oflcials -----------,--------------- 17 Special agents (general forco) ------ - 31 Clerical --------------------------- 656 -

'Subc1e1-ical --------------------I--- 59 Total onice force ----------- 048 l\Inchine shop---------------------- 5 Sp?cial agents to collect statistics of cotton ------------- - ------------------- - 760

APP~NDIX 111.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

FISCAL YEAR 1913.

Administrative : S ~ l a r i e s for administrative places .................... $30,179.16 Salaries for lllvision of correspondence and mnil-------- 20, 026. 50 Salaries for library .................................. 4,987.24 Snlarles for watch, labor and char forces -------------- 20 580.07 Rent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21' 000 00 Stationery ---------------------------------------- .9,'809: 20 Misct-llaueous expenses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14,767.29 Books and p~riodicals .............................. 487.72

Totnl---------------------------------------- $139 897.17 Geogrnpher'~ tlivision : Salaries ------------------------------------- 19: 740.23 Maclii~le s l~op :

Snla r i~s ------------------------------------------- 23,240.00 1

Llutorials, supplies, ctc .............................. 3< 540.12

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 26, 5g5. l2 Thirteenth Censl~s work :

Population- Supetsvision ------------------------ $11 518 35 Gcncral and State reports 08' 456: 32 Orcupations ------------------------ ~ 7 7 : 985. 38 Foroign-horn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 445. 12 Tenure of homes .................... 10, 138.50

Agrfcolture- Supervision ------------------------ 8 362 38 General nnd State reports ------------ 8 1 NU', 73 Color, tenure, and size --------------- 10: 051.42 Pltintations and ownership of tenant

farms ----------------------- 14 913.17 Irrigation --------------------,----- 831. 29

REPORT Ol? THE DIREUTOR OF T H E CENSUS. 3% T h i r t e e n t h Census work-Continued.

&fanufad ures- supervision ------- ------------ $9, 70s. 99 Completion of manufactures reports--- 41 819 74 IndusL~in l districts ----------------- 1: 276: 02 Minos and quarrics ------------------ 17,410. 80

Tota l --------------------------------------- $70 222 24 Instit~ttiOllS ------ --------------------------------- 30: 167: 07 Revision nlld results -------------------------------- 24, 310.70 publications ------- ------------------------------- 11, 3:{8.21

Tot*" ------------ ------ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $623,7*3,0Q A n n u a l investigations :

Cotton---------------------------------------- 253,291.44 - Tlobacco --------- ------------------------------- ,5!5,500. 76 - Elcctricxl inclnstries 24, s44. 3 8 . Forest ~rodllCts---- ------------------------- - - 10, n15. 37 Vital s ta t is t ics ------------------------------ - - 81. '709.16 , Stat is t ics of cities ---------------------------------- 82, 371. 41 -

'l'otal--.---.----- -------------- L------ - - - - - 486,471.38 Miscellnneous----------------------------------------------------- 7,393.91 - -- -- - . -

Grilnd total - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,107,840.81 J

Appropria- Expondi- nalilnce, ( ticns. 1 t u r p 1

COST O F THIRTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS TO JUNE 30, 1913.

Expenses of tho Tllirtaontli Cons~is, 1913.. .................... ........................... Salaries Br~rcau of the Census 1913

~ o r n ~ o r h y clerlrs Bureau of dho Census, 1013.. .............. Tabulating mqoltines, Bureau of the Censtls, 1913. ............ Collecting statlstws, Bureau of tho Census, 1913.. ............. Tobacao statistlas, Uurasu ol tho Census, 1013 ................. Cotton slulistics JhIroao of tlio Census, 1913. .................

. ~ e n t ~ u r o a u oi tho en st is, 1013.. ....................... .:. ~ont$gont exponsos, Dopitrtment of Commorco and Labor,

...... ................- ................. 1013.. ... ..... ................................................. Total..

T h l r t c o n t h Census ap roprintions : Pnicl t o Dee. 31 8912 ---------------------------------- $15, 171 693.25 Paid, J a n . 1, lb13, i o June 30, 1913 --------------------------- 1: 325. 72

Appropr ia t ions fo r fiscal year 1913 : Salaries of employees on Thirteenth Census morlr ---------------- 823 743. Oa Pr in t ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152: 910.4!

COB'P O F TI-IIRTEICNTEI CENSUS PRIXTINQ.

b $102 330.30 b 593'823.28

120:000.00 c 26,613.93 342 000.00

16'000.00 30:000.00 22,080.00

26,900.00

1,277,386.61

P a y m e n t s to June 30, 1912 ------------------------------------ $:303 ti49 7.3 P a g ~ n e ~ i t s f r o m 1013 n~propr in t ion --------------------------------- 162: 916: 41 B a l a n c e of nplsropriatfon fo r Thirteenth Census pl'inting (all mill proh-

ab ly be nscd) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 119,083.59 -- Estimatei l total Dec. 31, 1913 - 575,349.73

$99,908.68 571 250.58 110'191. fl6 20:505.12

291,137.25 14,988 83 28 543.97 21:000. 00

25,120 72

1,197,840.81

a Includos cost of supervision for forest producls cotton tobacco and electrical industries. b Becnuse of complicstions arising from the fact that t l l~ l~ureau dpcmtgd under joint resollrtiolls of C0l;;

press from July 1 to hug. 23 1012 lncl\lsive tl~o approprlntion for "Salarlos, Bllreall of the Conslls 1013 was divided b y tho Trwsur$ ~o$art~nent in\o two parts: One under tliehoad "E enses of the ~hirteonih Census 1013 amounting to $102,339.30: and the otl~er, unde<the.original head ofYsnlaries Buroau of tho census' 1913fu amounting to $593,823.28. Tho snmof these two ~tems, $60G,162.58, is n, littie lessthanthci amount orighally appropriated, $696,340.

oInaludes $049,93 reim~~ursemonl Ior work done for Buroau of Immigration.

director of the census

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