disabled ‘r’ all: bridging the gap between accessibility and usability
TRANSCRIPT
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Disabled ‘R’ All
Bridging the gap between
Accessibility and Usability
Hugo Nicolau [email protected]
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Mobile devices
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Powerful tools
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Always near us
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@ Home
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@ Work
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Outdoors
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In car
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@ Coffee shop
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@ Subway
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@ Airplain
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And many many others …
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Many contexts
CONTEXT
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Overload
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Leading to …
SIID
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Motor capabilities
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Loss of physical stability
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Motor impaired
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Similar problems?
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Do they benefit from …
Similar solutions?
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Goal
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Solutions designed for motor-impaired users
can be applied on mobile devices by assessing
the users’ capabilities within real mobile
contexts and thus enhancing their performance
Hypothesis
“
”
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Knowledge sharing and reuse
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“Reinventing the wheel”
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More and better research
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Cost and availability
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New connotation
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RELATED WORK
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Context
Sears, 2003
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Understanding SIID
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Brewster, 2002
+ 17% workload
-32% data entered
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Lin et al., 2007
Error rate 65% - 3%
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Schedlbauer et al., 2007
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Schildbach et al., 2010
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Mizobuchi, 2005
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Dealing with SIID (Mistry et al., 2009) (Harrison et al., 2010)
(Sawheny and Schmandt, 2000) (Wigdor and Balakrisham, 2003)
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Karlson, 2007; Baudisch, 2009
(Karlson and Bederson, 2007)
ThumbSpace
(Baudisch and Chu, 2009)
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Context-aware interfaces
(Kane et al., 2008)
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Alternative techniques
(Yatani and Troung, 2009)
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Gesture interfaces
(Guerreiro, 2009) (Goldberg, 1993)
(Yfantidis, 2006)
(Bach, 2008)
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Discussion on SIID
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Target selection
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Text-entry
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Increase size
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Evaluation
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Still in its infancy
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Understanding HIID
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Dropping and long press D
rop
pin
g Lo
ng
pre
ss
> ffffffffffffff (Brown, 1992)
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Bounce and additional press A
dd
itio
nal
B
ou
nce
(Vanderheiden, 1993; Edwards, 1995; Poulson et al. 1996)
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Trewin, 1999
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Long
Additional
Missing
Dropping
Bounce
Remote
Transposed
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Mouse manipulation
Near misses
Not-so-near misses
Slips
Accidental clicks
Middle button press
(Riviere and Thakor, 1996; Hwang et al. 2004; Keates et al., 2005)
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Touch screens
(Guerreiro et al., 2010)
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Dealing with HIID
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Edge-based interfaces
(Froehlich et al., 2007)
Barrier Pointing
EdgeWrite
(Wobbrock et al., 2003)
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Pointing
(Trewin et al., 2006)
Steady Clicks SUPPLE
(Gajos et al., 2007)
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Filters
Suggestion and configuration systems
Word correction and prediction systems
Alternative techniques
Text-Entry solutions
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Filters
Windows
Sticky keys Slow keys Repeat keys Mouse keys
OverlapKeys
(Trewin, 2002)
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Suggestion systems
(Trewin and Pain, 1997)
(Koester et al., 2007)
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Word correction
True Keys
(Kane et al., 2008)
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Alternative techniques
Spread Keys
(Merlin and Raynal, 2010)
EdgeWrite
(Wobbrock et al., 2003)
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Discussion HIID
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Greater focus on problems
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Reuse “soft-solutions”
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Opportunities
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APPROACH
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Similar approaches
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Focus on disability
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Rather than …
Ability
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Touch screens
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Preliminary studies
(Guerreiro et al., 2010)
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Tapping
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Crossing
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Exiting
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Gesturing
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Size
7 mm 12 mm 17 mm
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Screen areas
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Tapping
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Size
12 mm 22%
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Near support
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Ability-design
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Workplan
Selection techniques for touch screens
Text-entry errors (HIID)
Text-entry errors (SIID)
How do users select targets?
Development
Similar problems?
Similar solutions? Evaluation
What solutions?
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Tapping
Selection techniques for touch screens
Text-entry errors (HIID)
Text-entry errors (SIID)
How do users select targets?
Development
Similar problems?
What solutions?
Similar solutions? Evaluation
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Similar problems?
Selection techniques for touch screens
Text-entry errors (HIID)
Text-entry errors (SIID)
How do users select targets?
Development
Similar problems?
Similar solutions? Evaluation
What solutions?
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Text-entry
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Capture abilities
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HIID
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SIID
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Intra analysis
Inter analysis
Comparison
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What solutions?
Selection techniques for touch screens
Text-entry errors (HIID)
Text-entry errors (SIID)
How do users select targets?
Development
Similar problems?
What solutions?
Similar solutions? Evaluation
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Filters
Configuration and suggestion systems
Orthographic correctors
Alternative techniques
Three to five solutions
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Development
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Similar solutions?
Selection techniques for touch screens
Text-entry errors (HIID)
Text-entry errors (SIID)
How do users select targets?
Development
Similar problems?
What solutions?
Similar solutions? Evaluation
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Hypothesis validation
Solutions designed for motor-impaired users
can be applied on mobile devices by assessing
the users’ capabilities within real mobile
contexts and thus enhancing their performance
“
”
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Most adequate solutions
Erro
r ra
te (
%)
100
0 Physical Impaired Situational Impaired
Traditional Alternative
2 x
2 x
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1. Analysis of selection techniques
2. Identify text-entry difficulties for motor impaired users
3. Performance analysis whilst mobile
4. Mobile prototypes for text-entry tasks
5. User study with accessibility solutions
6. Guidelines for technology transfer
Expected contributions
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1. Similar selection techniques
2. Relationship between physical and situational impairments
3. Solutions can be transferred between user groups
Expected Results
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Workplan
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2010:
Full paper – ASSETS’10
Short paper – Mobile HCI’10
2011:
Doctoral consortium – ASSETS ‘11
Journal paper
2012: Full paper – ASSETS’12
Full paper – Mobile HCI’12
2013: Full paper – ASSETS’13
Full paper – CHI’13
Expected publications
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Questions