DISASTER AND ITS

MANAGEMENT

BY GROUP 1

INTRODUCTION• Our country, India,due to its peculiar physical features

is one of the most ‘disaster prone’ countries in the world.

• Natural hazards are the various natural phenomena such as earthquakes, floods,droughts,cyclones,landslides,and forestfires.

• Natural disasters are natural hazards that can cause great loss of life and property.

• We can reduce disasters into hazards by taking precautionary measures.

• At the times of natural disasters, the first thing to provide help is always the community. Therefore, we all need to know about the disasters and precautions for it.

• Young students are the active ,main and helpful ones in the community. Thus, they need proper training and a will to help .

EARTHQUAKE

EARTHQUAKEThe shaking of the ground caused by sudden movements in earth’s crust is called an earthquake.The waves generated by an earthquake is called seismic waves.Seismology is the branch of science which deals with earthquakes.The scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists.The occurrence of an earthquake can be detected by a sensitive instrument known as seismograph.The intensity of the earthquake can be measured with the help of an instrument known as the Richter scale.

The place of origin of an earthquake is called it’s focus .It lies within the earth’s crust.

The epicenter is the place which is directly above the focus on the surface of the earth.

The effect of the earthquake is the strongest near the epicenter.

The intensity of an earthquake depends on the amount of the energy released and is based on the direct measurement of the size and the seismic waves

The earthquakes intensity is measured by the help of richterscale.

Earthquakes are caused by the movements and collisions in the tectonic plates which lies in the earth’s lithosphere.

The boundaries of the tectonic plates are the zones where earthquakes are mostly likely to occur. These are known as seismic or fault zones

A disaster can cause another disaster .Severe earthquakes

causes volcanic eruptions and volcanic eruptions can cause

earthquakes. Earthquakes which occur in underwater can cause

tsunamis. Earthquakes are very difficult to predict as it occurs suddenly.

Violent earthquakes are often very destructive.

In 2001 January 26,the kachchh region in Gujarat ,a powerful

earthquake shook, initially the intensity measured was 6.9 on

the Richter scale and was subsequently upgraded to 8.1.

More than 20,000 people died, over 15 lakh were injured and

about 8 lakh houses were destroyed.

In India, the Himalayan region in the northern part of India is

‘earthquake prone’

PRECAUTION FOR EARTHQUAKES• Leave buildings and move to open areas.• Learn the basic first aid functions.• Stay away from windows ,shelves,mirrors,fans

etc…. during or after an earthquake.• If trapped in a building, remain close to an interior

wall and protect your head with your arms.• Lifts should be avoided. If outdoors, stay away from trees, signboards,

buildings, poles and electric wires. Help others according to their needs

Pictures of SEISMOGRAPHS

After affects of EARTHQUAKES

TSUNAMIS

TSUNAMI

• Tsunami is a Japanese word which means harbor waves.

• A tsunami can be of height 20-30 meters when it hits the shore.

• Tsunami is not one giant wave but a series of waves that comes ashore at intervals of 10-45 minutes.

• A tsunami occurs when large amount of water is displaced this can be caused by under sea volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

• The speed of tsunamis are about500-100metres.ButIt reduces as it approaches the land.• A huge tsunami can crush house and other

structures. large objects such as ships can be pushed several kilometers ahead

• Most deaths caused by tsunamis are due to drowning

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST TSUNAMIS

•If you experiences an earthquake that lasts for about 20 seconds or longer when you happen to be in a coastal area, move to higher grounds immediately.•In some cases ,the sea water may recede up to 800m from the coast .Don't enter this temporarily dry area, as sea water will come back soon. •The areas of great risk are less than 10m above the sea level and within 2km from the coasts. if you are in this zone, move out of this zone immediately.•The tsunami warning systems should be installed in high-risk zones.•Carry a first aid kit with you as soon as you start to evacuate the danger zone.•Help other people according to their needs.

Pictures of TSUNAMI

CONCLUSION Natural hazards are the various natural phenomena such as

earthquakes, floods,droughts,cyclones,landslides,and forest fires. Natural disasters are natural hazards that can cause great loss of

life and property The shaking of the ground caused by sudden movements in earth’s

crust is called an earthquake. The waves generated by an earthquake is called seismic waves. Seismology is the branch of science which deals with earthquakes. The scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. The occurrence of an earthquake can be detected by a sensitive

instrument known as seismograph. The intensity of the earthquake can be measured with the help of

an instrument known as the Richter scale.

The place of origin of an earthquake is called it’s focus .It lies within the earth’s crust.

The epicenter is the place which is directly above the focus on the surface of the earth

Tsunami is a Japanese word which means harbor waves. A tsunami occurs when large amount of water is displaced

this can be caused by under sea volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

As soon you are informed of an approaching disaster take precautionary measures for it and evacuate out of the danger zone

GROUP MEMBERSABHIJITHASHWIN

VAISHNAVSWATHI

SHARANYAPRANAYGARGI

THE ENDTHANK

YOUTHANK

YOU

THE R ICHTER SCALE• The Richter scale was developed by American

scientist CHARLES F RICHTER in 1935 in order to measure the intensity of the earhquakes.

• Number 1to10 relate to the energy that the quake releases.

• Those of magnitude 2 are not felt. A magnitude5 quake can cause major damage. Above 8 and the effects can be spread over hundred of miles.

• On the Richter scale, each step is a 30 fold increase in energy. So a magnitude 9 quake is 8,00,000 times bigger than a magnitude 5 quake.

CHARLES F RICHTER

THE RICHTER SCALE

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