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Disaster Management

A brief insight to most sought out strategies of survival.

What is it..

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a

community or a society involving widespread human, material,

economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds

the ability of the affected community or society to cope using

its own resources. All disasters are hence the result of

human failure to introduce appropriate disaster

management measures.

• NATURAL DISASTER : A Natural Hazard is a natural process or

phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,

property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic

disruption, or environmental damage. Various phenomena like earthquakes,

landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis,

and cyclones are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and

destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year.

• MANMADE DISASTER : Human-Instigated disasters are the consequence of

technological hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport

accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear

explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this

category.

Types..

Disaster management is the effort of communities to plan for and

coordinate all personnel and materials required to either mitigate the

effects of, or recover from, natural or man-made disasters, or acts of

terrorism. Disaster management does not avert or eliminate the threats,

although their study is an important part of the field.

Why is it..

Disaster Management Cycle

Earthquake..

• Check for hazards in the home

• Identify safe places in each room

• Locate safe places outdoors

• Have disaster supplies on

• Develop an emergency communications plan in case of

separation during the earthquake

• Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the family

contact

• If indoors: Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or

against an inside wall and stay inside

• If outdoors: Move into the open, away from buildings, street

lights, and utility wires and remain there until shaking stops

• If in a moving vehicle: Stop quickly, stay in vehicle, move to a

clear area away from buildings, trees, overpasses, or utility

wires

Action

Recovery

• Be prepared for after shocks

• Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid where

appropriate

• Listen to a battery operated radio for emergency

information

• Stay out of damaged buildings and return home only when

authorities say it is safe

The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on 26 January, India's 52nd Republic

Day, at 08:46 AM local time and lasted for over two minutes. The epicenter was

about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Kutch District

of Gujarat, India. The earthquake reached 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale.

The earthquake killed around 20,000 people, injured another 167,000 and

destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.

Case Study

A flood is an overflow of water

that submerges land which is

usually dry. Flooding may occur as

an overflow of water from water

bodies, such as a river or lake, in

which the water overtops or

breaks levees, resulting in some of

that water escaping its usual

boundaries, or it may occur due to

an accumulation of rainwater on

saturated ground in an areal

flood.

Flood

• Stockpile emergency building materials

• Install check valves in sewer traps to prevent flood waters from backing

up in sewer drains

• Plan and practice an evacuation route

• Have disaster supplies on hand

• Develop an emergency communication plan in case of separation

• Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the "family contact"

• Teach family members how and when to turn off the gas, electricity, and

water.

If indoors:

• Turn on battery operated radio to get latest emergency information

• Get pre-assembled emergency supplies

• If told to leave, do so immediately.

If outdoors:

• Climb to high ground and stay there

• Avoid walking through any floodwaters.

• If in a car, turn around and go another way; if your car stalls, abandon it

immediately and climb to higher ground.

During an evacuation:

• If advised to evacuate, do so immediately to avoid flooded roads, being sure to

follow recommended evacuation routes and listen to radio for evacuation

instructions

Action

• Inspect foundations for cracks or other damage and examine walls, floors, doors, and windows to make sure that

the building is not in danger of collapsing

• Watch out for animals, especially poisonous snakes, that may have come into your home with flood waters

• Watch for loose plaster and ceilings that could fall

• Look for fire hazards

• Throw away all food (including canned) that has come in contact with flood waters

• Pump out flooded basements gradually (~ 1/3 amount of water per day) to avoid structural damage

• Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems ASAP - damaged sewage systems are health

hazards.

A landslide, also known as a landslip, is

a geological phenomenon that includes

a wide range of ground movements, such

as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and

shallow debris flows.

• Get a ground assessment of your property

• Minimize home hazards (plant ground cover on slopes, build retaining

walls, and in mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to

direct flow around buildings)

Recognize landslide warning signs:

• Doors/windows stick or jam for the first time, new cracks appear in

plaster or foundations, outside walks, walls, or stairs pull away

from buildings, underground utility lines break, bulging ground

appears at base of a slope, ground slopes downward in one

direction and may begin shifting in that direction under your feet;

faint rumbling sound that increases in volume as landslide nears

Preparation

if indoors:

• Stay inside and get cover under a sturdy piece of furniture.

If outdoors:

• Try to get out of path of mudflow

• Run to nearest high ground in a direction away from path

• If rocks and other debris are approaching, run for nearest shelter such as

a group of trees or a building

• If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball and protect your head.

Be cautious of sinkholes:

• Sinkholes occur when groundwater dissolves a vulnerable land surface

such as limestone, causing the land surface to collapse from lack of

support.

Action

• Check for damaged utility lines and report damage to the

utility company

• Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land

for damage

• Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion

caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding.

Volcanic Eruptions

During a volcanic

eruption, lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic

bombs and blocks), and various gases are

expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure.

Several types of volcanic eruptions have

been distinguished by volcanologists. These

are often named after famous volcanoes

where that type of behaviour has been

observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only

one characteristic type of eruption during

a period of activity, while others may display

an entire sequence of types all in one

eruptive series.

• Learn about community warning systems and of disasters that

can come from volcanoes (earthquakes, flooding, landslides,

mudflows, thunderstorms, tsunamis)

• Make evacuation plans to higher ground with a backup route

• Get a pair of goggles and a throw-away breathing mask

If indoors:

• Close all windows, doors, and dampers

• Put all machinery inside a garage or barn

• Bring animals and livestock into closed shelters

If outdoors:

• Seek shelter immediately

• If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball to protect head

• Avoid low-lying areas where poisonous gases can collect and

floods can be dangerous

• If caught near a stream beware of mudflows.

• Wear long sleeved shirts and pants

• Use goggles to protect eyes and a dust-mask or damp cloth over

face to help breathing

• Keep car engines turned off

• Stay out of the area.

Action

When outside:

• Cover mouth and nose to protect from inhaling ash and wear

goggles to protect eyes

• Keep skin covered to avoid irritation or burns

• Avoid contact with any amount of ash if you have a respiratory

ailment

• Avoid driving in heavy ashfall (it may clog engines and stall

vehicles)

• Clear roofs of ashfall (could cause buildings to collapse)

Recovery

Fire Accidents

Accidents that are caused due to

fire are quite common . Fire results

in heavy damage both in terms of

life and property . Loss of life is

high in a crowded building.

Remedies

• The main reason is poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment

, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches

• The main power supply source is good condition.

• Wire should be properly covered

• Inflammable things should be kept out of reach of children

• Power points shouldn’t be overloaded

Terrorism

This is another type of disaster that

results in loss of life and property.

Terrorists use violence and strike

without warning. They use bombs ,

guns etc to terrorize people

Terrorism

• We must inform police if we come across any

suspected group of people

• We must stay away from any suspicious things and

inform police about that.

• Do not accept packages from strangers

• Do not leave luggage unattended while traveling

Terrorist Attacks

TERRORIST ATTACK REFERS TO THE THREATENED USE OF

VIOLENCE TO INTIMIDATE A POPULATION OR GOVERNMENT FOR

POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS OR IDEOLOGICAL GOALS.

Preparedness

• CREATE AN EMERGENCY COMMUNICTION PLAN.

• ESTABLISH A MEETING PLACE.

• ASSEMBLE AN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS KIT.

• LEARN SOME BASIC FIRST AID.

• SHOULD HAVE AN EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRIL IN

SCHOOLS.

Response during Attack

• REMAIN CALM AND BE PATIENT.

• LISTEN TO RADIO OR TELEVISION NEWS FOR INSTRUCTIONS.

• IF EVENT OCCURS NEAR YOU CHECK FOR INJURIES GIVE

FIRST AID.

• USE TRAVEL ROUTES SPECIFIED BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES.

• FIND YOU AND YOUR FAMILY SOME SAFE AND SECURE PLACE.

Response after Attack

• WORKPLACES, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES SHOULD BE CLOSED.

• THERE MAY BE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES DUE TO TERRORIST ATTACK SO

KEEP THE NEARBY HOSPITALS UP TO DATE ABOUT YOUR MEDICAL NEEDS.

• EXTENSIVE MEDIA COVERAGE, HEAVY LAW ENFORCEMENT AT LOCAL AND

STATE LEVEL SHOULD BE PROVIDED.

• YOU ALONG WITH YOUR FAMILY EVACUATE THE ATTACKED AREA AS SSON

AS POSSIBLE AVOIDING ROADS BLOCKED FOR YOUR SAFETY.

Nuclear disasters

It is a type of explosion deriving its

force from nuclear reactions of

fission and fusion . It is of two types

fission and fusion . Egs. Of fission are

atomic bombs , A-bombs , fission bombs

. Egs. Of fusion bombs are hydrogen

bombs , H-bombs , fusion bombs etc.

Nuclear disasters

• Common indicators of these disasters are vomiting ,

nausea , dizziness etc.

• Don’t look at fire as it causes instant blindness

• Close all doors and windows as radioactivity

doesn’t penetrate into solid structures

• Cover all food and water and listen govt. orders

Preparation• Build an Emergency Supply Kit

• Copies of prescription medications and medical supplies.

– Bedding and clothing, including sleeping bags and pillows.

– Copies of importan

• t documents: driver’s license, Social Security card, proof of

residence, insurance policies, wills, deeds, birth and marriage

certificates, tax records, etc.

Disaster Management Authorities

• It is the apex body for natural disaster management and

mitigation.

• Set up by the Indian Institute of Public Administration and

the Centre for Disaster Management set up by Y S Chavan

Academy of Development Administration.

• A Natural Disaster Management Control Room has been set up

at Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.

National Disaster

Management Authority

• A new center "National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM)"

has been established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government

of India. NCDM is setup in Indian Institute of Public Administration

(IIPA) with the objectives of :

• 1. providing training programs for senior and middle level

administrative government officials and to sensitize them for

disaster mitigation.

• 2. coordinate the research activities in different aspects of

disaster management at national level.

• DMI strives to become a premier centre for disaster mitigation and

prevention by assisting and strengthening the decision making

process and making the critical and objective analysis available

to the policy makers. In the wake of Gujarat Earthquake of

January 2001 this Institutes provides real life example of the

need and necessity of such an institute.

• The Government of Gujarat (GOG) established the Gujarat State

Disaster Management Authority on February 8, 2001 to co-

ordinate the comprehensive earthquake recovery program.

Disaster Mitigation Institute

Jammu Kashmir Floods

Thank you.