Disaster Management Plan for

Thermal Power Plants

By : H.M. GangopadhyayDy. General Manager (Safety)Corporate Safety Department

NTPC Limited

Presentation Outline

Classification of Disaster Requirement under the Laws Objective of the Plan Disasters in Thermal Power Plants Risk Assessment & Vulnerability Mapping Emergency Equipments, Training & Mock Drills Disaster Management Organisation Responsibilities of Team Members Emergency Control Centre (ECC) Evacuation and Assembly Points Mutual Aid Scheme

• Natural disasters (earth quake, flood, Tsunami etc.,)

• Technical disasters – collapse of buildings, release of gases, major fires, explosions.

A disaster occurring in the plant may affect/cause several sections within it serious injuries / loss of lives, Extensive damage to property Serious disruption out side the works area

It requires the best use of internal resources as well as outside resources to handle it effectively.

Classification of Disaster

ON-SITE EMERGENCY : An accident which takes place in an industry handling hazardous materials and its effects are confined to the factory premises involving only the people working in the factory.

OFF-SITE EMERGENCY: If an accident takes place in an industry handling hazardous materials and its effects are felt outside the factory premises, the situation thus generated is called an Off-Site Emergency

Factories Act Requirement

In accordance with the provision of Section 2 (cb), read with The Factories Act - 1948, “power generating industry” is classified as hazardous process under item 5 thereof.

According to Section 41-b, para –4, of Factories Act- 1948, all factories engaged in hazardous processes must have Disaster Management Plan.

Every occupier shall, with the approval of the Chief Inspector, draw up an on site emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for his factory and make known to the workers employed there in and to the general public living in the vicinity of factory, the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an accident taking place.

Section 41-b, Para -4 of Factories Act-1948

Approach and Objective of the Plan

The plan is developed to make best possible use ofresources at its command and / or out side agencies for the following purposes.89

Prevention, Mitigation & Preparedness (Pre phase) Response, Rehabilitation & Recovery (Post phase) Safe guard others by evacuating them to safer places; Rescue of victims and treating them suitably to effect speedy recovery at hospital; Identify the personnel affected / dead; Inform relatives of those deceased / affected; Providing relevant records / data needed as evidence for subsequent enquiry; Rehabilitation of the affected persons;

Possible Disasters in Thermal Power Plants

Fast spreading fires Explosions Bursting of pipe lines / vessels Uncontrolled release of toxic / corrosive / flammable

liquids Slow isolated fires Breach of dams / ash dykes Floods

Fire Hazards In Thermal Power Plants

Coal handling plant: Coal dust accumulation on

conveyor decks, cable trays, head & tail pulleys, Crusher house and vibrating screen floors, Bunker house ,

Belt sway, belt tension, Failure of belt joints, Snapping of belts, Partially damaged belt in operation, Smoldering fire in bunkers, Jamming of idlers and pulleys,

Fire Hazards In Thermal Power Plants

Cables in cable galleries and on trays in all plant sections,

Coal dust deposited on cable trays in mill area Fuel oil handling and oil tanks (HSD, HFO, Petrol ) Transformer oil, turbine oil, control fluid, seal oil, Electrical system Heat path damaged insulation Dry grasses Accumulation of waste materials etc.

Explosion Hazard In Thermal Power Plant

Hydrogen plant Turbo generators where hydrogen is used for cooling of TG.

Transformer (oil cooled).

Boiler (Coal/Oil fired).

Coal dust in Mills and Boilers.

Bursting of Pipe Lines, Vessels

Water / Steam pipes due to high pressure/ temperature

H2 Gas lines and Acid lines.

Acid/Alkali tanks

H2 Gas Cylinders

Compressed air header.

Compressed air receivers.

H2 Gas Holder.

Release of Gases / Dust

Chlorine in water treatment plant Hydrogen in turbo generator area of main plant Pulverized coal dust from mills and associated piping Fly ash from chimneys and ash ponds, ESP hoppers and

bottom ash system Coal dust in transfer points, CHP, Crusher & mill area. Flue gas from the ducts

Release Of Liquid

Acid and alkali tanks in water treatment plants Chlorine toners in WTPs Fuel oil tanks in fuel oil handling section Ash dyke Turbine oil and seal oil leakage

Floods

Breach of balancing reservoir. Breach of ash dykes

Sections prone to Emergencies

Coal handling plant Main plant, including Boiler, TG, ESP Water treatment plant, use of Chlorine gas Hydrogen generation plant Fuel Oil Handling areas

Common elements of a model

Disaster Management Plan

Components of Disaster Management Plan Plant emergency organization

Plant & area risk evaluation

Notification procedures & communication systems

Emergency equipments and facilities available

Procedure for returning to normal operations

Training and mock-drills for specialized services

Regular tests of emergency organization and procedures

Review of Plan and updates

Emergency response procedures

Detailed operating manual

Risk Assesment & Vulnerability Mapping

Consists of the following components:

Maximum quantitative and qualitative assessment of hazards at any given point of time

Location of hazardous operations and systems Properties of hazardous systems (MSDS) Location of isolation systems Special fire-fighting procedures Special handling requirements.

Communication systems

Alarm systems Communication equipments Plant management, Local Officials, Response Agencies,

Neighbouring industries, Neighbourhood population Names and telephone numbers of the designated officials

and their alternates Designated persons for media contacts Procedures for notifying families of injured employees Central reporting office (ECC).

Emergency equipments & facilities

Fire-fighting equipment Emergency medical supplies Toxic gas detectors Wind direction (wind sock)/speed indicators Self-contained breathing apparatus Protective clothings Other on-site equipments according to the local conditions Containment facilities around tanks/vessels Interfaces & lines of communication with off-site officials,

neighbouring industries.

Training, Simulation & Mock Drills

Knowledge of chemicals (properties, toxicity, etc.)

and procedures for reporting emergencies

Alarm systems and communication network

Location of fire-fighting/first-aid equipment

Use of fire-fighting/first-aid equipment

Use of protective equipment(respirators, breathing apparatus, clothing, etc.)

Decontamination procedure for protective clothing and equipment; demolition and repair

Evaluation procedures and rescue services

Records of documented simulated emergencies which should be conducted frequently.

Training and drills for specialized services

Regular tests of emergency organization and procedures

Plan updates

Emergency response procedures

Detailed operating manual

Training, Simulation & Mock Drills

Work Incident Controller

Chief Incident Controller

Task Force Team

HR Team

Matls Mgmt. Team

Rescue Team

Medical team

Autobase Team Security Team

Support Team

Communication team

Maint Team

Support Team

Disaster Management Organisation

Responsibilities of WIC

The WIC shall identify; All probable emergency causing situations and take proper precautionary measures to prevent / control

such situations;

Ensure that all emergency team under him are informed about their functions before and during emergency;

Direct all operations within the affected area with the following priority;

Secure the safety of personnel Minimise damage to plant & environment Minimise loss of material

Responsibilities of WIC

Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affected areas are evacuated to appropriate assembly point.

Set up communication contact through telephone / messenger etc. With emergency control centre (ECC).

Report significant developments to the chief incident controller.

Assume duties of chief incident controller pending his arrival and in particular;

1. Direct the shut down and evacuation of plant and affected areas likely to be threatened by the emergency.

2. Ensure key personnel are informed and they are called in

Responsibilities of CIC

Relieve the works incidence controller from the responsibility of over all main control.

Declare major emergency, if considered necessary and ensure out side emergency services are called in and near by industries are informed.

Directing shutting down and evacuation of plant, establish liaison with head of fire, safety, medical, HR, security and local police.

Arrange for relief of personnel and catering facilities for affected in emergency.

Ensure information / reporting to Corporate Office and Statutory authorities as per provisions of state Factory rules and Factory Act

Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

Emergency control centre shall be established and equipped with adequate means of communication to areas inside and outside.

The emergency control room will be manned by the Chief Incident Controller, Work Incident Controller, key personnel and Sr.Officers of out side services called for assistance.

It should have general map and guide for Assembly Points, location of Hazardous process/operation

No other personnel shall have access to the ECC.

Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

ECC must contain the following information:

Safety data pertaining to all hazardous materials likely to cause emergency.

Procedure of major and special fire fighting, rescue operations, first aid etc.

Emergency call out list of persons drafted for emergency control eg key personnel from fire, safety, medical, HR, security, local police and District Admn. Authorities.

Evacuation And Assembly Points

In an emergency, it will almost certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from affected areas.

On evacuation, employees shall assemble at assembly points.

Assembly point must be shown in Disaster Management Plan.

Key Personnel

Apart from WIC and CIC, other works personnel will have key role to play in providing advice and in implementing the decisions made by CIC.

Key personnel includes1. Incharge of generation, electrical & mechanical

maintenance, C&I, Chemistry (& WTP)2. Heads of HR, safety, PR, Medical, Security & Fire

Department.

Mutual Aid Scheme

An understanding for mutual aid between nearby industries to send assistance to each other in case of an emergency;

Details of facilities offered by the mutual aid partners should be mentioned in the plan;

Details of contact phone nos. of officers responsible for emergency action of mutual aid partners should be mentioned in the plan

Support team to CIC & WIC

In addition to the teams already mentioned there will be one additional team known as support team.

This team will assist CIC & WIC during an emergency. The responsibilities of the team given below;

Contacting statutory authorities. Arranging for relievers and catering facilities. Giving information to media.

Responsibilities Of Support Team

Arranging shelters for affected persons.

Contacting medical centres and nursing homes.

Providing all other support, as necessary.

Arranging for urgently required materials through cash purchase or whatever means.

Arranging funds for various relief measures as emergency purchase of materials.

Departmental heads: The departmental heads will provide assistance as required

by the works incident controller. They will decide which members of their departments are required at the incident site.

Head of Tech. Services On knowing the major emergency, he will proceed to the

site and report to CIC. He will provide technical information as required to

CIC/WIC. Head of Safety: On knowing the emergency, he will immediately report to

site and keep in touch with CIC He will make sure that all safety equipments are made

available to the emergency teams. Participate in rescue operations. Maintain inventory of items in ECC.

Responsibilities of key personnel

Mock Drill

Mock-drills are conducted to test the effectiveness of action plan / emergency preparedness.

Periodicity of mock drill is at least once in every six months (As per Factories Act-1948).

Deficiencies found are to be recorded and corrective actions are to be taken immediately for effectiveness of the plan.

Emergency Siren

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T y p e Duration

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In case of fire 10 seconds on

05 seconds off, 3 times

In case of 20 seconds on,

Heavy chlorine leak 10 seconds off, 5 times.

All clear signal Continuous siren for 3 min,

only once.

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Thank you

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