DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TURKEY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TURKEY AND

LESSONS LEARNED FROM 1999 BIG EARTHQUAKESLESSONS LEARNED FROM 1999 BIG EARTHQUAKES

Atamer SeymenAtamer Seymen--Deputy Director GeneralDeputy Director GeneralDemir AkDemir Akıınn--Project ManagerProject Manager

Ministry of Public Works and SettlementMinistry of Public Works and SettlementGeneral Directorate of Disaster AffairsGeneral Directorate of Disaster Affairs

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Why Why disaster management is important for us ? disaster management is important for us ?

Disaster Management Disaster Management SSystemystem in Turkey.in Turkey.

GG.D.D.A and Disasters in Turkey.D.D.A and Disasters in Turkey..

1999 Big Earthquakes and Lessons Learned1999 Big Earthquakes and Lessons Learned

WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT FOR US ?IMPORTANT FOR US ?

As it is wellAs it is well--knownknown,, Turkey, serving as a bridge between Turkey, serving as a bridge between EuropaEuropa and Asia and situated in a very strategic location at and Asia and situated in a very strategic location at the intersection of these two continents.the intersection of these two continents.

Turkey`sTurkey`s crucial geographic location makes Turkey a key crucial geographic location makes Turkey a key point for the region defined by the Middle East and point for the region defined by the Middle East and Caucasus.Caucasus.

Except from security risks and threats Turkey is frequently Except from security risks and threats Turkey is frequently subjected various types of subjected various types of nnaturalatural ddisastersisasters such as such as earthquakesearthquakes, floods, land slides which causes great losses , floods, land slides which causes great losses of human life and property. of human life and property.

TECTONTECTONIIC STRUCTURE OF TURKEYC STRUCTURE OF TURKEY

Earthquakes In TurkeyEarthquakes In Turkey

Over the last century Turkey has frequently hit by damaging Over the last century Turkey has frequently hit by damaging earthquakesearthquakes and also otherand also other kindskinds natural disasters.natural disasters.

17 August and 12 November 1999 17 August and 12 November 1999 earthquakesearthquakes was felt over was felt over the thousand of square kmthe thousand of square km’’s in Turkeys in Turkey’’s most densely s most densely populated region.populated region.

Thousands of residential and commercial buildings collapsed or Thousands of residential and commercial buildings collapsed or heavily damaged and caused more then heavily damaged and caused more then 1818.000 deaths. .000 deaths.

As a developing country Turkey is threatened by large scale As a developing country Turkey is threatened by large scale disasters which have negative social, economic and political disasters which have negative social, economic and political effect on society. effect on society.

1999 1999 EQEQ’’ss affected area was Turkeyaffected area was Turkey’’s industrial heartland s industrial heartland and adjacent provinces including Istanbul, accounting and adjacent provinces including Istanbul, accounting one/third of countries overall output.one/third of countries overall output.

The The EQEQ’’ss that struck western Turkey on, one of the worlds that struck western Turkey on, one of the worlds longest and best recorded strike slip faults. The eastlongest and best recorded strike slip faults. The east--west west trending Ntrending North Anatolian Fault Zone.orth Anatolian Fault Zone.

The last two The last two earthquakesearthquakes were the eleventh and twelfth were the eleventh and twelfth with a magnitude greater than 6.7 from 1939with a magnitude greater than 6.7 from 1939

Seismologists now expect that Istanbul will with high Seismologists now expect that Istanbul will with high probability experience an event bigger than magnitude 7 probability experience an event bigger than magnitude 7 EQ within at most 30 years. EQ within at most 30 years.

The NAFZ is situated only 25 km from the most The NAFZ is situated only 25 km from the most populated and industrialized area of Istanbul. This populated and industrialized area of Istanbul. This implies that at present about 1/6 of the total population implies that at present about 1/6 of the total population and and ½½ of industrial potential of Turkey is at great risk of industrial potential of Turkey is at great risk from damaging from damaging earthquakesearthquakes. .

The problem is compounded by insufficient The problem is compounded by insufficient infrastructure and related services, poorly supervised infrastructure and related services, poorly supervised construction practices, overcrowded living conditions, construction practices, overcrowded living conditions, flawed land use planning and continuous degradation of flawed land use planning and continuous degradation of environment.environment.

An An earthquake masterearthquake master plan for Istanbul is prepared in plan for Istanbul is prepared in coordination between government agencies and coordination between government agencies and uuniversitiesniversities and also NGOand also NGO’’s and private sectors.s and private sectors.

The last Turkish building code put into effect in The last Turkish building code put into effect in 20072007 and and the last official seismic zoning map of Turkey issued in the last official seismic zoning map of Turkey issued in 1996. The seismic zoning map distinguishes 1996. The seismic zoning map distinguishes fivefive hazard hazard zones which are determined using the observed EQ zones which are determined using the observed EQ intensity data.intensity data.

There exist currently sufficiently numerous laws and There exist currently sufficiently numerous laws and regulations and actions to be taken in the response, regulations and actions to be taken in the response, recovery, reconstruction, mitigation and preparedness recovery, reconstruction, mitigation and preparedness phases of national and local phases of national and local disaster managementdisaster management..

Furthermore these legal documents are continuously Furthermore these legal documents are continuously revised and reviewed and evaluated as new problems revised and reviewed and evaluated as new problems encountered or technological advances are made but the encountered or technological advances are made but the biggest problem is to implement these regulations and biggest problem is to implement these regulations and plans in timely, appropriate and efficient manner. plans in timely, appropriate and efficient manner.

Unfortunately as has been the case in many other Unfortunately as has been the case in many other countries following a large disaster, a strong interest countries following a large disaster, a strong interest for hazard mitigation in the public opinion and for hazard mitigation in the public opinion and therefore accorded political and financial priorities. therefore accorded political and financial priorities.

Such activities become blurred and seemingly less Such activities become blurred and seemingly less important as memories fade and fatalistic or even important as memories fade and fatalistic or even apathetic attitudes become prevail. This situation is the apathetic attitudes become prevail. This situation is the biggest barrier for DM both national and local level and biggest barrier for DM both national and local level and also for Istanbulalso for Istanbul

Turkey is trying to improve his capacity of Turkey is trying to improve his capacity of disaster disaster managementmanagement system with the help of international system with the help of international bodies. bodies.

MAP OF QUAKE ZONES IN TURKEY

JJeean Jacques an Jacques RousseRousseaauu’’ss letter to Voltaire letter to Voltaire

after 1755 Lisbon EQafter 1755 Lisbon EQ

If this tragedy happened, it is not the fault of If this tragedy happened, it is not the fault of mother nature. mother nature. It was not nature who It was not nature who gathered together twenty thousand gathered together twenty thousand buildings in this placebuildings in this place

DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT

A collective term encompassing all aspects A collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for and responding to disaster of planning for and responding to disaster including both pre and post disaster including both pre and post disaster activities.activities.

It refers to the management of both the risks It refers to the management of both the risks and the consequences of a disaster. and the consequences of a disaster.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLECYCLE

Historical Development of Disaster Historical Development of Disaster Management Management SSystemystem in Turkeyin Turkey

Before Republican Era (pre 1923)Before Republican Era (pre 1923)

Between 1923Between 1923--19391939

1939 1939 ErzincanErzincan Earthquake Earthquake

Between Between 19501950--19991999

1999 Marmara 1999 Marmara EQ and new arrangements.EQ and new arrangements.

ADMINISTRATIVE BODYADMINISTRATIVE BODY--CENTRALCENTRAL

Ministry of Public Works and SettlementMinistry of Public Works and Settlement ((GD of Disaster GD of Disaster Affairs and other GD)Affairs and other GD)Ministry of Interior Ministry of Interior ((GD of Civil ProtectionGD of Civil Protection))Turkish RedTurkish Red--Crescent Crescent Other MinistriesOther MinistriesDASKDASK--Natural Disaster Insurance CouncilNatural Disaster Insurance CouncilTUBTUBİİTAK (TAK (Turkish Scientific and Technical Institute)Turkish Scientific and Technical Institute), , Universities Universities (B(BUU--KOERKOERİİ,,--ODTODTÜÜ--DMC), MTADMC), MTA (GD of (GD of Mineral Research and Technical Exploration) Mineral Research and Technical Exploration) GD of Turkey Emergency Management GD of Turkey Emergency Management TSKTSK (Turkish Military Force)(Turkish Military Force)

Co-ordination Comitee for

Extraordinary Events

CABINET PRIME MINISTRY

Central Co-ordination Comitee

for Disasters

PM Crisis Management

Center

Natural Disasters Co-ordination

Comitee

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

LAW NUMBER 7269

National Earthquake Council

Turkish General Directorate Emergency

Management

General Directorate of

Disaster AffairsTurkish Red

Crescent

General Directorate of

Civil Protection

Other Govermental

Institutes

Provincial Disaster Center

Provincial Civil Protection Unit

Provincial Red Crescent Unit

Provincial Units of Ministries

GOVERNOR

Provincial Search and Aid

Group

Emergency Aid Service Groups Armed Forces

Provincial Emergency Aid

Plans

GD of DISASTER AFFAIRSGD of DISASTER AFFAIRS

1958 1958 Ministry of Reconstruction and Resettlements Ministry of Reconstruction and Resettlements established.established.1959 1959 Disaster Law (number Disaster Law (number 72697269) promulgated) promulgated ..1964 1964 Directorate of Disaster AffairsDirectorate of Disaster Affairs (1965 (1965 General General Directorate Directorate ) ) established.established.7 7 departmentsdepartments, 22 , 22 division division ve nearly 700 ve nearly 700 staffstaff

DutiesDuties: : a)a) Identifying natural disaster prone areas, taking the Identifying natural disaster prone areas, taking the required measures to prevent disastersrequired measures to prevent disasters

b) b) Realization international cooperation projects and Realization international cooperation projects and programs for disaster mitigation.programs for disaster mitigation.

TURKISH REPUBLIC MINISTRY of PUBLIC WORKS and SETTLEMENT

GD of DISASTER AFFAIRSGD of DISASTER AFFAIRS

Providing emergency relief and coordination at Providing emergency relief and coordination at disastersdisasters

Disaster related researchDisaster related research’’ss, proje, projectct’’ss, , damage damage assessments, site selection for survivorsassessments, site selection for survivors, , expropriation,expropriation, temporary housing and permanent temporary housing and permanent housing, short and long term measures, housing, short and long term measures, establishing regional centers, producing establishing regional centers, producing prefabricated houses.prefabricated houses.

GD of DISASTER AFFAIRSGD of DISASTER AFFAIRS

To give help to To give help to governershipgovernership for emergency plans for emergency plans

Infrastructure works for permanent houses areasInfrastructure works for permanent houses areas

Development of Earthquake Hazard Map, Earthquake Development of Earthquake Hazard Map, Earthquake Resistant Design RegulationsResistant Design Regulations

Earthquake monitoring and earthquake data collection Earthquake monitoring and earthquake data collection

International projects for earthquake prediction and International projects for earthquake prediction and research research

G. D. of Civil DefenseG. D. of Civil Defense

The Civil Defense Law Number 7126 that went The Civil Defense Law Number 7126 that went into force 1958 established GD of Civil Defense into force 1958 established GD of Civil Defense within the Ministry of Interior.within the Ministry of Interior.

Duties of GD of Civil Defense:Duties of GD of Civil Defense:Saving lives and property of people during disaster Saving lives and property of people during disaster SAR (Search and Rescue) activitiesSAR (Search and Rescue) activitiesGDCD has Civil Defense College in Ankara for GDCD has Civil Defense College in Ankara for training SAR and fire fighting teams, to train civil training SAR and fire fighting teams, to train civil defense staff defense staff

Turkish Red Crescent SocietyTurkish Red Crescent Society

Turkish Red Crescent was founded in 1868Turkish Red Crescent was founded in 1868, , and and has has 648 648 branches across the country.branches across the country.

Duties of TRCS during disasters:Duties of TRCS during disasters:a) a) To provide tents, blankets, health service, food To provide tents, blankets, health service, food and clothingand clothingb) b) With International Federation of Red Cross and With International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent, coordinate international aidsRed Crescent, coordinate international aidsc) Bloodc) Blood--transfusion servicetransfusion serviced) Disaster Operation Center of TRCS is on duty 24 d) Disaster Operation Center of TRCS is on duty 24 hours of day. hours of day.

GD of Turkey Emergency ManagementGD of Turkey Emergency Management

Established after 1999 big earthquakes in June 2000 for the Established after 1999 big earthquakes in June 2000 for the coordination of ministries and state organizations coordination of ministries and state organizations

Duties of GDTEM:Duties of GDTEM:a)Monitora)Monitor and evaluate the organizations and institutions and evaluate the organizations and institutions taking the necessary measures to prevent situations that taking the necessary measures to prevent situations that require emergency management, preparation of short and require emergency management, preparation of short and long term plans and developing information systems.long term plans and developing information systems.

b)Carryb)Carry out coordination services in utilizing all kinds of land, out coordination services in utilizing all kinds of land, marina and aviation vehicles belonging to public and marina and aviation vehicles belonging to public and private sector when emergency management is applied. private sector when emergency management is applied.

LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES

GovernorshipsGovernorships

Municipalities Municipalities

Private SectorPrivate Sector

Non Governmental OrganizationsNon Governmental Organizations

Provincial Rescue and First Aid CommitteeProvincial Rescue and First Aid Committee

LEGISLATIVE BODYLEGISLATIVE BODY

Disaster LawsDisaster Laws ((Number Number 7269, 4123, 42337269, 4123, 4233 ))

Development LawDevelopment Law’’ss (3194, (3194, Metropolitan CityMetropolitan City, , Municipality LawMunicipality Law,,Province Private Authority Province Private Authority

Other LawOther Law’’ss ((Building Supervision LawBuilding Supervision Law, , Compulsory Building InsuranceCompulsory Building Insurance, , Building CodeBuilding Code, ,

Five Five Year DevelopmentYear Development Plans)Plans)

VOLUNTERY BODIESVOLUNTERY BODIES

AKUT (Search and Rescue Team), AKA ( The AKUT (Search and Rescue Team), AKA ( The Search and Rescue Society), GEA Search and Rescue Society), GEA Turkish Earthquake Foundation,Turkish Earthquake Foundation, Turkish National Turkish National Committee of Earthquake EngineeringCommittee of Earthquake EngineeringTMMOB (Turkish Chamber of Engineers and TMMOB (Turkish Chamber of Engineers and Architects), TTB (Chamber of Medical Doctors), Architects), TTB (Chamber of Medical Doctors), TOBB (Turkish Chamber of Commerce) TOBB (Turkish Chamber of Commerce) TRACTRAC (Turkish Radio and Wireless Amateurs (Turkish Radio and Wireless Amateurs Association)Association)Survivors AssociationsSurvivors Associations

NATNATURAL URAL DISASTERS in TURKEYDISASTERS in TURKEY

EarthquakeEarthquake

LandslidesLandslides

FloodsFloods

Rock FallingRock Falling

Snow AvalanchesSnow Avalanches, , Fires, Erosion and etc.Fires, Erosion and etc.

DISASTERS (IN TERMS OF LOSSES)

(LAST 100 YEARS)

61%15%

14%5% 4% 1%

Quakes%61

Rockfalls%5

Floods%14

Landslides%15

AvalanchesAnd Other Disasters

%1

Fires%4

EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

Turkey is located in one of the most Turkey is located in one of the most seismically active region of the world.seismically active region of the world.

Anatolian Block moves westward relative to Anatolian Block moves westward relative to Eurasia plate at about 2.0 cm per year.Eurasia plate at about 2.0 cm per year.

Turkey EQ hazard map shows that %66 of Turkey EQ hazard map shows that %66 of the surface area of our countries lies firsthe surface area of our countries lies firstt and and second degree levels of seismic hazard.second degree levels of seismic hazard.

EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

In the last 100 years 137 In the last 100 years 137 EQEQ’’ss occurred and 84.000 occurred and 84.000 people dead, more then 210.000 injured, 650.000 people dead, more then 210.000 injured, 650.000 building damagedbuilding damaged.. In the last 13 years the In the last 13 years the economic losses of earthquake is 1economic losses of earthquake is 188 billion US $.billion US $.

In our country, the annual probability of intensity In our country, the annual probability of intensity VIIVII earthquake is %63. The probability of intensity earthquake is %63. The probability of intensity IX earthquake in every five year is also %63.IX earthquake in every five year is also %63.

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

Frequently affect Black Sea region and eastern part Frequently affect Black Sea region and eastern part of Turkeyof Turkey..

Main reasons are:Main reasons are: Over rain, geological structure, Over rain, geological structure, topographytopography,, deforestation and bad settlement deforestation and bad settlement structure because of migration to cities.structure because of migration to cities.

In the last 50 years landslides affected 4500 In the last 50 years landslides affected 4500 settlements and 200 people dead and 65.000 houses settlements and 200 people dead and 65.000 houses are relocated to safer placesare relocated to safer places. .

FLOODFLOOD

Most frequent and costly natural disasters in Most frequent and costly natural disasters in Turkey in terms of human suffering and economic Turkey in terms of human suffering and economic losseslosses. 1995 . 1995 İİzmir zmir andand Senirkent, 1998 Senirkent, 1998 Western Western Black SeaBlack Sea, 2001 Hatay ve 2005 Sivas, 2001 Hatay ve 2005 Sivas--SugSugöözzüü floods floods are the most devastating are the most devastating ones in the last decade.ones in the last decade.

Surface features, geomorphologic features, Surface features, geomorphologic features, deforestation and increased urbanization without deforestation and increased urbanization without control are the main reasons for floodcontrol are the main reasons for flood

FLOODFLOOD

In the last 50 years, 1300 floods occurred In the last 50 years, 1300 floods occurred and caused 1235 dead and 61.000 dwelling and caused 1235 dead and 61.000 dwelling unit damaged. unit damaged.

Each year 24 flood events occur.Each year 24 flood events occur.

İİzmir, Rizezmir, Rize,, KahramanKahraman,, MaraMaraşş,, Trabzon Trabzon provinces are the most affected areas.provinces are the most affected areas.

ROCK FALLSROCK FALLS

Mainly Mid Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia Mainly Mid Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions and regions and KayseriKayseri, , NigdeNigde, , TunceliTunceliprovinces are affected.provinces are affected.

In the last 50 years 750 rockIn the last 50 years 750 rock--falls disasters falls disasters are occurred and 34 people dead and 30.000 are occurred and 34 people dead and 30.000 houses are affected.houses are affected.

SNOW AVALANCHESSNOW AVALANCHES

Mainly occurred in E and SE part of Turkey. Mainly occurred in E and SE part of Turkey.

After 1950After 1950, , 389 important snow avalanches 389 important snow avalanches disasters disasters werewere occurred and 1039 people occurred and 1039 people dead, 5200 houses are destroyed.dead, 5200 houses are destroyed.

GD of Disaster Affairs has an avalanche GD of Disaster Affairs has an avalanche monitoring and an experimental early monitoring and an experimental early warning system based on GISwarning system based on GIS. .

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY-- August 17, 1999 EarthquakeAugust 17, 1999 Earthquake

A strong earthquake happened at 03.05 on 17 A strong earthquake happened at 03.05 on 17 August 1999 at August 1999 at MarmaraMarmara regions.regions.

30 minutes after 30 minutes after KandilliKandilli Observatory declared Observatory declared that magnitude is 6,7that magnitude is 6,7--6,8 and epicenter is in 6,8 and epicenter is in MarmaraMarmara Sea.Sea.

CENTRAL LEVEL ACTIVITIES:CENTRAL LEVEL ACTIVITIES:

Around Around 04.30 04.30 Prime MinistryPrime Ministry’’s office declared s office declared Crisis Situation but Crisis Coordination Council Crisis Situation but Crisis Coordination Council and Crisis Assessment and Monitoring Council and Crisis Assessment and Monitoring Council meet around 6.30 meet around 6.30

Communication system blocked and damaged.Communication system blocked and damaged.

GGöölclcüük k Navy Headquarters collapsed and too Navy Headquarters collapsed and too many victims are under debrismany victims are under debris. .

CASE STUDY August 17 1999 EarthquakeCASE STUDY August 17 1999 Earthquake

GD of Civil Defense send two search and GD of Civil Defense send two search and Rescue (SAR) teams to the areaRescue (SAR) teams to the area..

Crisis Coordination Crisis Coordination Council(CCCCouncil(CCC) send ) send message to all related agencies message to all related agencies for helpfor help..

At At 09.0009.00 main roads and railway were closed. main roads and railway were closed. İİstanbul stanbul Airport is open but Airport is open but IzmitIzmit Airport is Airport is closed because of control towerclosed because of control tower..

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY-- 17 August 1999 Earthquake17 August 1999 Earthquake

AtAt 1010.00 .00 limited wireless communications limited wireless communications belong to army and police are working. But belong to army and police are working. But no enough data for human and property no enough data for human and property losses.losses.

TTüüprapraşş refinery is burning.refinery is burning.

Government send request for international Government send request for international helphelp..

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY-- August 17 1999 EarthquakeAugust 17 1999 Earthquake

Turkish Red Crescent appealed international help Turkish Red Crescent appealed international help from IFRCfrom IFRC..

Media was the only information sources from Media was the only information sources from damaged area.damaged area.

Central authorities declared a massage to all Central authorities declared a massage to all provinces to send heavy machines and relief provinces to send heavy machines and relief material and SAR team to material and SAR team to SakaryaSakarya and and IzmitIzmit

Prime Ministry send three ministers to Prime Ministry send three ministers to SakaryaSakarya, , IzmitIzmit and and YalovaYalova provinces for coordinationprovinces for coordination

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY-- August 17, 1999 EarthquakeAugust 17, 1999 Earthquake

LLOCAL OCAL LLEVELEVEL AACTIVITIESCTIVITIESAccording to our disaster management system all According to our disaster management system all disaster response activities are under province disaster response activities are under province governor responsibility. governor responsibility. Bursa, Bolu, EskiBursa, Bolu, Eskişşehir ve ehir ve İİstanbul stanbul provinces provinces ““Provincial Rescue and Aid Provincial Rescue and Aid CommitteeCommittee”” are activated 4 hours after disaster.are activated 4 hours after disaster.Heavily affected provinces like Heavily affected provinces like IzmitIzmit, , SakaryaSakarya and and YalovaYalova’’ss PRAC activated after 8 hours. Because PRAC activated after 8 hours. Because responsible staff were victims also.responsible staff were victims also.Telephones, GSM systems and wireless systems Telephones, GSM systems and wireless systems were out of service. The roads are closed because were out of service. The roads are closed because of collapsed buildingsof collapsed buildings. .

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY-- August 17, 1999 EarthquakeAugust 17, 1999 Earthquake

Bursa ve Bursa ve İİstanbul stanbul provinces started to help provinces started to help YalovaYalovaand and IzmitIzmit provinces respectivelyprovinces respectively..The injured The injured people are transported to this provinces hospitals.people are transported to this provinces hospitals.

There were no effective search and rescue, There were no effective search and rescue, command and control and relief activities at local command and control and relief activities at local levels in heavily affected provinces. All of these levels in heavily affected provinces. All of these activities were unorganized and done by the activities were unorganized and done by the survivors, local volunteers, local army personnelsurvivors, local volunteers, local army personnel

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY

Second Day August 18, 1999Second Day August 18, 1999

CENTRAL LEVELCENTRAL LEVELCentral crisis centers were more effective in all Central crisis centers were more effective in all ministries and agencies responsible for Disaster ministries and agencies responsible for Disaster Management.Management.GD of Civil Defense was organized all SAR teams, GD of Civil Defense was organized all SAR teams, voluntary groups coal mine workers and send them voluntary groups coal mine workers and send them to all disaster stricken area. to all disaster stricken area. At the first day army personnel was At the first day army personnel was 10.000 10.000 and the and the second day second day 15.00015.000

CASE STUDYCASE STUDY

Ministry of Health sent 808 personnel including Ministry of Health sent 808 personnel including doctor, nurse and medical expertdoctor, nurse and medical expert..

First dayFirst day’’s tent number 3000 is now 6000s tent number 3000 is now 6000..

Ministry of Public Works and Resettlement was Ministry of Public Works and Resettlement was activated their technical staff for damage activated their technical staff for damage assessmentsassessments. . GD of Highway repairing damaged GD of Highway repairing damaged highwayshighways.. GD of Provincial BankGD of Provincial Bank technical technical personnel working on infrastructure damage personnel working on infrastructure damage ..

Ministry of Transportation was activated all related Ministry of Transportation was activated all related agencies for emergency repair of lifelines.agencies for emergency repair of lifelines.GD of Rural Affairs and State Water Works begun GD of Rural Affairs and State Water Works begun for removal of debris and demolition of dangerous for removal of debris and demolition of dangerous buildings with heavy machines.buildings with heavy machines.20 foreign SAR teams with 20 foreign SAR teams with 700 700 personnel, their personnel, their technical equipment and search dogs were ontechnical equipment and search dogs were on--site site Huge number of personnel and equipment Huge number of personnel and equipment transportation created massive traffic problem.transportation created massive traffic problem.Communication problems makes coordination Communication problems makes coordination insufficient.insufficient.

Public information systems are insufficient also. Public information systems are insufficient also. For this reason rumors, provoking and misleading For this reason rumors, provoking and misleading of affected population created a lot of problems. of affected population created a lot of problems. Media and some scientists created a chaos Media and some scientists created a chaos situation.situation.

LOCAL LEVELLOCAL LEVELTUPRAS refineryTUPRAS refinery’’s fire went out of control and s fire went out of control and local authorities took a decision for evacuation local authorities took a decision for evacuation around 5 km of refinery.around 5 km of refinery.IzmitIzmit, Sakarya, Yalova , Sakarya, Yalova Crisis Management Crisis Management Centers were activated, but lack of command and Centers were activated, but lack of command and control system, they are not very effectivecontrol system, they are not very effective

Search and Rescue activities are more effective Search and Rescue activities are more effective Local efforts for repair and recovery activities were Local efforts for repair and recovery activities were started.started.Tent, hot meals, food, water, blanquettes Tent, hot meals, food, water, blanquettes distribution to the effected people started.distribution to the effected people started.Debris removal activities were started.Debris removal activities were started.Some youth groups made voluntary traffic control Some youth groups made voluntary traffic control operation.operation.

SOME RESULTS:SOME RESULTS:

Emergency management, search and rescue and Emergency management, search and rescue and relief activities seemed abnormally slow and relief activities seemed abnormally slow and inefficient for the first two days.inefficient for the first two days.

Coordination and command at all levels were very Coordination and command at all levels were very limited especially for the first day.limited especially for the first day.

Because the disaster affected area is extending 8 Because the disaster affected area is extending 8 provinces and 15 million people and this region is provinces and 15 million people and this region is Turkeys most industrial regionTurkeys most industrial region..

Earthquake happened in urban settlement Earthquake happened in urban settlement and victims are educated urban elite. Their and victims are educated urban elite. Their reactions, expectations and understandings reactions, expectations and understandings are very different from villagers.are very different from villagers.

Disaster caused to demand for changing Disaster caused to demand for changing Turkey Disaster Management SystemTurkey Disaster Management System..

Legislative weaknessLegislative weakness

* Duplication and uncovered responsibilities* Duplication and uncovered responsibilities

* Coordination * Coordination

* Centralized and hierarchal characteristic of* Centralized and hierarchal characteristic of

the DM system of Turkeythe DM system of Turkey

Organizational weaknesses:Organizational weaknesses:

* Coordination and cooperation among the * Coordination and cooperation among the

organizationsorganizations

* Integration of the community* Integration of the community

* DM plans* DM plans--Local emergency plansLocal emergency plans

For SolutionFor Solution

Enforcement of legislationsEnforcement of legislations

Proactive DM systemProactive DM system

TEMAD for coordinationTEMAD for coordination

Compulsory Insurance Against EQCompulsory Insurance Against EQ’’s (DASK)s (DASK)

GENARAL DIRECTORATE OF DISASTER AFFAIRSEARTHQUAKE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

LABORATORY DIVISION

ESKİŞEHİR YOLU 12. km. LODUMLU-ANKARA

Telefon : +90-312-2873645Faks : +90-312-2878951E-mail : lab@deprem.gov.tr

www.deprem.gov.trwww.deprem.gov.tr

REPUBLIC OF TURKEYMINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND SETTLEMENT

General Directorate Of Disaster Affairs