Margie ParhamPhD student

Walden UniversityPUBH: 8165-1 Environmental Health

Instructor: Dr. Raymond ThronWinter, 2011

1. Discuss the origins and history of the influenza virus.

2. Describe the types of influenza viruses.3. Identify the transmission routes of

influenza virus.4. Describe the importance of receiving the

influenza vaccine. 5. Discuss the role of the nursing student in

closing the gaps of patient knowledge deficit related to the myths of influenza vaccine?

20th Century Three Outbreaks of Influenza worldwide

Respiratory Illnesses: Contagious (human to human)

Occupational Safety Health Agency, 2009. Pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance for healthcare workers and healthcare employers. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf

World Health Organization. 2009. Influenza seasonal. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html

3 types Influenza Viruses: Type A = pandemic influenza only, seasonal

Subtypes: A (H1N1), A (H3N2) Type B= seasonal Type C= mild symptoms

Occupational Safety Health Agency, 2009. Pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance for healthcare workers and healthcare employers. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf

World Health Organization. 2009. Influenza seasonal. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html

The first United States case of H1N1 occurred in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas, April 2009.

Mexico and Canada reported H1N1 cases

Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html.

“Swine flu” Genes of the virus were similar to pigs of North

America Two of the genes of the flu viruses were from

Europe, and Asia Avian (chickens) and human genes “ Quadruple

Reassortant” virus

Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html.

Symptoms Fever, chills Coughing Sore throat Body aches Vomiting Diarrhea

(children)

Spread from person to person

Droplets: person talk or sneeze

Spread to others that are close to the infected person:

Mouth Nose

CDC. 2010. Seasonal flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm

1976 to 2006 deaths range 3,000-49,000 First flu pandemic in 40 years, 2009-2010

United States mortality 12,000 January 2-8, 2011, WHO, (2011) reported

worldwide 4,331 specimen, 706 positive influenza A

Four deaths, (two influenza A; two influenza B)http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm#whatis

CDC. 2011. Flu view: A weekly influenza surveillance report prepared by the influenza division. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm#whatis

Virus enters the body from day 1-4 Last 5-7days. Contagious:

1-4 day No symptoms Children > 7 days

Centers for Control and Prevention. 2010. Seasonal influenza flu: How flu is spread. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm

Louie, Acosta, Jamieson, & Honein (2010) reported 95% of pregnant women with H1N1 influenza suffer severe illnesses and require critical care or die from complications. 2009 increase in influenza cause an increase in the maternal mortality rate in

the United States Women receiving antiviral medication after 48 hours are at high risk for

hospitalization.

CDC recommendation for antiviral medication of pregnant women is immediate treatment up to 48 hours.

WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retreivedromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html

Louie, J. K., Acosta, M., Jamieson, D. J. & Honein, M. A. (2010). Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. New England Journal of Medicine. 362, 27-35.

Centers for Control and Prevention. 2010. Seasonal influenza flu: How flu is spread. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm

In 2009, CDC and WHO reported cases of Influenza worldwide: Hospitalizations: 192 million to 398 million Cases: 43 million to 88 million Deaths: 8,720 to 18,050

WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html

The who has reported cases of influenza A (H5N1) Asia, Africa, Pacific and Europe Indonesia and Vietnam have the highest In Egypt they reported 121 confirmed cases

40 have been fatal

WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retreivedromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html

CDC, 2010. H1N1

CDC.(2010). Cold versus flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm

COLD FLU

Respiratory illness Viruses (different) Symptoms:

Milder Runny or stuffy nose No serious health

problems

Respiratory illness Viruses (different) Hospitalization Intense symptoms:

Fever Body aches Extreme tiredness Dry cough

Secondary complications:

Pneumonia, bacteria infections

Understanding the Seriousness of Influenza Virus

Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze or cough (tissue or bend of your arm)

Throw away tissue Use alcohol hand sanitizer Avoid touching your eyes,

nose or mouth

Stay home if you are sick until 24 hours after fever (100 F or 37.8 C)is gone [http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html]

Limit contact with others

Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

•Payaprom, Bennett, Burnard, Alabaster & Tantipong (2009) qualitative study found:

•Misconceptions about influenza among the Thai people• Influenza can cause the flu•Only listen to family members advice•Elderly with chronic illnesses more readily to get vaccinated

• In 2004 outbreak of Influenza motivated Thai public health government:

•Free vaccine, accessible possible increase vaccination•Elderly > 65 with Chronic Diseases•Educating the elderly and family members importance of vaccination•Examining any cultural health beliefs•Misunderstandings and myths•Healthcare providers to promote influenza vaccination

Payaprom, Y., Bennett, P., Burnard, P., Alabaster, E. & Tantipong. (2009). Understandings of influenza and influenza vaccination among high risk urbanDwelling Thai adults: a qualitative study. Journal of Public Health. 32 (1). 26-31.

1st (most important) Protects against the

three viruses Influenza A - H3N2 Influenza B 2009 - H1N1

High risk populations

As early as 6 months of age

Children younger than 6 months can not receive the vaccine

Person caring (vaccinated)

Centers for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

Children: 6-9 One dose of

seasonal flu vaccine If vaccinated in the

past Two doses of

seasonal vaccine First time receiving

the vaccine Nasal Spray

2 > older

Adults: 10-49 One dose vaccine

shot Nasal spray

Healthy No medical conditions

Pregnant Women One dose vaccine

shot only Adults: 50 >

One dose vaccine shot onlyCenters for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions

to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

Infection control Wash your hands with soap and water or

alcohol hand rub Avoid touching eyes, mouth, and nose Stay home if sick Isolation to protect others

Centers for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

Can not get the vaccination if history of: Asthma HIV/AIDS Children 5 < wheezing Children and Adolescents (ASA therapy) Gullain-Barre’ Syndrome (GBS) [no shot] Allergic to Chicken Eggs [no shot] Allergic to Nasal Spray vaccine [no shot]

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

Elderly 4 times higher dose 3 flu strains

Allergies Chicken eggs Cell based vaccine (2011)

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

Prescriptions for treating the flu Prevent infection Milder symptoms 70-90% effective Healthy person will be around

someone with flu Children >1 Adults

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html; http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html

The more people vaccinated in a community strengthens the community against the spread of influenza.

If a patient has a cold Weak immune system Body fight the “cold virus”

Myth Influenza vaccination causes the flu

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

Tamiflu and Relenza (generic names oseltamivir and zanamivir)

Pills (Tamiflu)

Liquids (Tamiflu)

Inhaled powder (Relenza)

Use within 24-48 hours

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html; http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html

Disaster Preparedness Prevention Measure for Pandemic Influenza

Thank you all for your time

The following sources will provide information for patient education and explaining the importance of prevention measures to avoid disasters and the spread of the influenza virus globally.

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medic

ine/index.html http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/

index.html http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/

index.html

Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html

Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm

Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). Cold versus flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm

Louie, J. K., Acosta, M., Jamieson, D. J. & Honein, M. A. (2010). Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. New England Journal of Medicine. 362, 27-35.

Payaprom, Y., Bennett, P., Burnard, P., Alabaster, E. & Tantipong. (2009). Understandings of influenza and influenza vaccination among high risk urban Dwelling Thai adults: a qualitative study. Journal of Public Health. 32 (1). 26

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html;http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html;http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html

World Health Organization. 2011. Global Alert and Responses. CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html

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