disaster-proofing nyc transit subways in lower manhattan aleksandr, ben chan, pinhao liang, yash...
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Disaster-Proofing NYC Transit Subways in Lower
ManhattanAleksandr, Ben Chan, Pinhao Liang, Yash Bhardwaj
Hurricane Sandy• Hit New York City in late October 2012
• Deadliest hurricane of the 2012 season
• 2nd costliest hurricane in United States history, only behind Hurricane Katrina
• Damages estimated to be around $50 billion for New York
Hurricane SandyDevastated the New York City Transit System
(esp. in lower Manhattan)
Never in its 108 year history had the NYC subway ever witnessed such a storm
Subways shut down for days before service resumed
South Ferry StationSuffered the worst from the hurricane
About 30,000 riders were inconvenienced after the storm
Escalators, tracks, signals, switches, turnstiles and other MetroCard equipment were significantly damaged
Scheduled to reopen in a couple of years
South Ferry
South Ferry
Damage
The third rail, which is responsible for propelling the trains, needs to cleaned
Signal Systems that prevent train collisions will need to be evaluated.
For/Against Disaster Proofing
Mayor Bloomberg does not see the need for spending $600 million on one station because he considers events like Hurricane Sandy very rare
Governor Cuomo supports the idea. He believes that “the challenge is not just to build back, but to build back better than before”.
Policy HistoryTimeline of storms affecting NYC subways
1999, Tropical Storm Floyd
2004, Hurricane Frances
2011, Hurricane Irene
Hurricane Sandy
Current preventive measures
Grates, pumps, sandbagging
New experimental structures like hybrid useful grating.
Photo credits: http://www.cityandstateny.com/storm-proofing-the-mta/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/01/three-in-one-flood-protection-benches-and-bike-parking-in-a-new-design/
MTA, not a financially healthy institutionThey have been using debt to finance capital
improvement for decades.
In 2009, rising debt costs and falling incomes create a debt crisis requiring immediate attention.
Debt crisis has passed, but only through tough measures, and only in the short term.
MTA Revenues
MTA operational expenses
Grim prospects, or are they?
MTA finances reduced by debt servicing; new cuts or savings must be found in new budget plans.
It would seem that the MTA would be very cautious with their existing budget money.
Enter the MTA’s mega-projects
The MTA has been funding projects to bring service to new areas including East Side Access, the Second Ave. Subway, and the 7 subway line extensions.
These are multi-billion, several year long projects, that demonstrate the MTA’s priorities.
A silver lining…Capital projects are king with the MTA. They are
High priority, and worth the debt in their eyes.
Federal disaster relief money could be a source of funding for protective projects.
Even the state received money for future protection purposes, of which some may be allocated for the MTA.
Against:Local Politicians
TWU
Major Policy Camps
Supportive:
LM Subway RidersFederal
Government
Neutral:MTA Board
State Government
Other Commuters
Major Policy CampsIn order for the city to prepare for future
disaster, these policy camps need to form an uniform opinion.
Being informed Being aware Being active Being prepared Being disaster READY!!
Picture credits: http://visionwellnesscenter.com/testimonials/
Major Policy CampsBeing Supportive
Lower-Manhattan Subway Riders: This group of people suffer the most since Sandy hit. Their usual commute routes have been alter.
Federal Government: Agency such as Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides funding for local government to support disaster
preparedness effort.
(EX. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program *Sandy related)
Major Policy CampsBeing Neutral
MTA Board: They are the decision makers of MTA. They represent various interest groups. Members have
to take both sides of the argument into decision making.
State Government: According to the Executive Law of 1978, NYS required its emergency management
committee to be active throughout the year. But it was not enforced.
Other Subway Commuters: Other commuters have mixed feelings about installing disaster preparedness
infrastructure stations in LM area.
Major Policy CampsBeing Against
Local Politicians: They are being known for being passionate when it comes to disaster relief. It’s not bad, but what’s behind it might be. A
political science study presents the 5 major mechanism that cause the voters’ and politicians’ behaviors towards disaster prevention.
Transport Workers Union: They are becoming a hindrance for MTA’s finances. They are actively fighting for more benefits for its members.
Inflatable Stopper Developed by the
Department of Homeland Security
Designed to prevent water from getting in from tunnel entrances
De-flatable and compacct
Picture Credit: http://www.dhs.gov/infrastructure-protection-and-disaster-management-projects
Steel Shutters For protecting equipment
inside the stations
Prevent debris from entering stations
Picture Credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Street_subway_entrance.jpg
Picture Credit: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Lexington_Avenue-59th_Street_New_Turnstile.jpg/
Alternatives: Japan Underground tunnels to
store water
Drained via giant turbines
Water removed by sending it into the river
Picture Credit: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/14/world/asia/tokyo-climate-change-c40/index.html
Picture Credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AirBaltic_Boeing_737-500_turbine.jpg
Alternative: Japan –Improbable
Uses too much space
Costs too much money
Takes too much time to build
Our Recommendation
Advantages
Uses very little space when not in use
Cheaper than Japan’s tunnels
Supporting American government by purchasing these American developed products
In perspective, Cost not as big as it seems
Counter-args:
Station repair
Lost revenue
Bad public image
Lost productivity
Better to protect few assets than have a large amount of ruined ones